In 1869, Russia's Dmitri Mendeleev and Germany's Lothar Meyer... Meyer Mendeleev.
Back End strategy in Romania(I): interfaces related issues ... Integrated... · Romania D.I....
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Ministry of Economy Nuclear Agency and for Radioactive Waste (ANDR) D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected] www. agentianucleara.ro Back End strategy in Romania(I): interfaces related issues and potential solutions Ms. Alice Mariana DIMA Director, Nuclear Projects and Strategies Department Nuclear Agency and for Radioactive Waste Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17 - 19 July 2018
Transcript of Back End strategy in Romania(I): interfaces related issues ... Integrated... · Romania D.I....
Ministry of EconomyNuclear Agency and for Radioactive Waste (ANDR)
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Back End strategy in Romania(I): interfaces
related issues and potential solutions
Ms. Alice Mariana DIMA Director, Nuclear Projects and Strategies Department
Nuclear Agency and for Radioactive Waste
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Romania has a very active nuclear sector,and has most stages of the nuclear fuelcycle
➢ uranium mining and milling➢ nuclear fuel fabrication➢ nuclear power generation (CANDU
reactors)➢ radioactive waste and spent fuel
storage➢ repository for disposal of institutional
LLW➢ nuclearresearch facilities
Nuclear Sector in Romania
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR SAFE MANAGEMENT OFRW & SNF
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
National Strategy
A. Policy
B. National Programme
National Policy Institutional responsibilities in RWM
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
Nuclear Agency and for Radioactive Waste (ANDR) from 2004
➢ Support for the nuclear energy development in Romania (power and non –power applications), exclusively forpeaceful purposes
➢ Responsible for disposal of radioactive waste (RW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF), and ensure at national level thecoordination of the nuclear installations decommissioning processes
National Commission For Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN) from 1996
➢ is the regulatory authority in the nuclear field
➢ elaborates the strategy and the policy for regulation, licensing and control
Waste producers
➢ Responsible for predisposal activities of SNF and RW and for decommissioning of their facilities;
➢ Bear the expenses related to the collection, handling, transport, treatment, conditioning, storage and disposal ofits wastes
➢ Pay the annual contributions to the funds for disposal of SNF and RW and for decommissioning of nuclear facilities
Other National authorities (Ministries of Environment, of Health, of Economy)– involved in the licensing process
Research and education institutions – national technical, scientific and sociologic support in the disposal programimplementation
Nuclear Agency and for Radioactive Waste (ANDR)
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
Responsibilities
➢ Support for the nuclear energy development in Romania (power and non –power applications), exclusively forpeaceful purposes
➢ Responsible for disposal of radioactive waste (RW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF), and ensure at national level thecoordination of the nuclear installations decommissioning processes
Main project in progress
➢ Final repository for low and interim level waste : DFDSMA
➢ National Strategy for safe management of RW and SNF in Romania
➢ Select the host rock for the geological repository
Elements of RWM Policy 1/3
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
➢ Romania has adopted the open fuel cycle
➢ Spent fuel produced by research reactors shall be returned back to origincountries
➢ Decommissioning of nuclear installations and final disposal of spent nuclearfuel and radioactive waste should be implemented as soon as reasonablypossible
➢ The final point of management for all radioactive waste is final disposal
➢ The final disposal of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste will only becarried out by state organizations
➢ All waste generators must have the financial resources to implement theNational Program through contributions to the Radioactive WasteManagement Fund and to the Decommissioning Fund.
Elements of RWM Policy 2/3
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
➢ The policy on the management of spent fuel and radioactivewaste is set by the Government and implemented by theresponsible organizations involved. This Policy includes:
➢ A set of fundamental principles on ethical, security andenvironmental issues.
➢ A set of government policy decisions requiring managementoptions to be implemented.
➢ Legal and regulatory framework defining control measuresfor final management and storage.
➢ Defining the responsibilities of organizations involved in finalmanagement and storage activities
Elements of RWM Policy 3/3 Financing scheme
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
Two funds are constituted since 2007:
✓ radioactive waste management fund✓ 1,4 euro/MWh
✓ decommissioning fund✓ 0,6 euro/MWh.
The contributions come only from NPP.
✓ For the institutional waste, finances came from thestate budget.
✓ The level of contributions is assessed and up-datedeach 5 years.
CERNAVODA NPP
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
➢ 2 x CANDU 6 reactors (each 700 MW)
➢ Unit 1 commissioned in 1996, due for refurbishment in c. 2026
➢ Unit 2 commissioned in 2007
➢ Units 3 and 4 proposals in place for new build
Radioactive Waste Generators and waste type
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
SNN – Cernavoda NPP:
➢ Spent nuclear fuel bundles generatedfrom operation of 2 CANDU Units;
➢ Radioactive waste (solid, liquid, mixed)generated from operation andmaintenance;
➢ Radioactive waste generated fromdecommissioning.
Main R&D INSTALATION FROM Nuclear Field
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
“HORIA HULUBEI” Nation Institute of Physics andNuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH):
➢ Radioactive waste (solid, liquid, spent sealedsources) generated from nuclear and radiologicalIFIN-HH facilities;
Research reactor
➢ VVER – shutdown in 1997, underdecommissioning (IFIN-HH Bucharest)
➢ all SF (enriched U) was sent back to the RussianFederation
➢ Radioactive waste generated from thedecommissioning of VVR-S research reactor.
Main R&D INSTALATION FROM Nuclear Field
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
Research reactor
➢ TRIGA 14 MW – in operation from 1979 (ICN Mioveni)
➢ all HEU SF was sent back to USA
➢ core conversion since 2004 - LEU SF management by Romanian authorities
Waste type
➢ Spent nuclear fuel assemblies resulted from the operation of TRIGA researchreactor;
➢ Radioactive waste (solid, liquid, spent sealed sources) generated by nuclear andradiological ICN facilities.
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP)
Main objective of ALFRED:
➢ to demonstrate the viability of LFR technology
➢ to perform all preparatory activities (technical design, licensing, siting,…)
➢ to build a demonstration installation of 125 MWe
Advanced Lead Fast Reactor European Demonstrator (ALFRED)
➢ co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund
➢ ELI-NP i s going to be the most advanced research facility in the world focusing on thestudy of photonuclear physics and its applications, compri sing a very high intensity
laser (two 10PW ultra-short pulse lasers) and the most brilliant gamma-ray beam.
Main R&D INSTALATION FROM Nuclear Field
Romanian Nuclear Fuel Cycle
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
The 51st Session of the Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC)
Paris , NEA/OECD - 25 - 26 April 2018
Uranium Mining and Milling
Chemical Conversion and Purification
Native Uranium Ore
CANDU Nuclear Fuel Plant
CANDU 6 Type NPP 2 Reactors in operation
Spent Nuclear FuelReactor Cooling Pool (6 years)
CANDU TypeSpent Nuclear Fuel
Interim Storage MACSTORE Technology (50 years)
Final Disposal or Recycling(outside the country)
CANDU TypeFresh
Nuclear FuelAssembly
FCN Pitesti
Cernavoda NPP
CNU S.A.
DICA Storage Facility
“Feldioara” Plant
Romanian long term strategy
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
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Type of LiabilityLong Term Management
Policy Funding of Liabilities Current Practice / Facilities Planned Facilities
Spent FuelNPP✓ No reprocessing yet✓ Storage for 50 y✓ Deep geological
Research reactors✓ Return in origin countries
(VVR-S, TRIGA)
✓ NPP - Contribution to fund
✓ Research reactor - State budget
✓ NPP• wet storage• dry storage
✓ Research reactor• wet storage• Return to origin countries
Deep geological (2055)
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Waste
Near surface (SL)
Deep geological (LL)
Contribution to fund
State budget
Storage on site Near surface disposal 2023
Deep geological
Applications WasteNear surface (SL)
Deep geological (LL)
User pays
State budget
✓ treatment, conditioning and storage on site
✓ Near surface disposal
Deep geological (2055)
Decommissioning Liabilities (1)
NPP -Safe enclosure
RR -Immediate dismantling
NPP - Contribution to fund
Research reactors - State budget
NPP No decom. Plan
VVR-S Approved decom. Plan
LL, HLW
Deep geological (2055)
Disused Sealed Sources
Return to producerStorage/disposal
User pays Return to producerStorage/disposal
LL-Deep geological (2055)
Radioactive waste management in Romania
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
LILW -SL
Research sitesOther institutions
Cernavoda NPP
Interim on -site storage
Treatment
DFDSMA RepositoryLILW-SL
On -Site Waste Treatment Plant
Biata BihorRepository
LILW-SL
Spent fuel
Research sitesCernavoda
NPP
Cooling
pond
Repatriation to
country of origin
Cooling
pond
LILW -LL
Research sites
Other institutions
Cernavoda
NPP
Interim on -site
storage
TreatmentOn -Site Waste
Treatment Plant
Interim on -site
storage
Geological
Repository
Spent fuel / LILW -LL
DICA Interim
Dry Store
Encapsulation
Plant
Fuel Management Strategy
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
The Cernavoda NPP stretgy for the safe use of CANDU nuclear fuel resulting from the operation of Units 1 and Unit 2 of Cernavoda NPP is the following:
- wet storage in the burning fuel tank of each reactor for a minimum of 6 years;- dry storage in the dry intermediate fuel storage facility for a 50 year period.
Small quantities of spent nuclear fuel that have been transported from Cernavoda NPP to RATEN ICN for post-irradiation examination will be stored intermediate in storage wells located in hot alpha-gamma cells with heavy concrete walls in the Post Examination Laboratory Irradiance
Interim Dry Spent Fuel Storage
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
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➢ The Intermediate Dry Spent Fuel Storage for Cernavoda is theMACSTOR system.
➢ The MACSTOR (Modular Air Cooled STORage) System isdesigned for storing fuel, which has been cooled for a period ofsix years.
➢ It consists of storage modules located above ground in thestorage site, and equipment operated at the spent fuel storagebay for preparing the spent fuel for dry storage.
➢ The spent fuel is transferred from the preparation area to thestorage site using a shielded transfer flask and a transporter.
➢ The Intermediate Dry Spent Fuel Storage Facility consist ofconcrete modules (currently MACSTOR 200 units), providedwith cylinders for storage.
➢ CNE Cernavoda has carried out the necessary studies to switchto the MACSTOR 400 module which, compared to theMACSTOR 200 module, has a double storage capacity (24,000fuel bundles)
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
Interim Dry Spent Fuel Storage
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
Unit 1
34.958 Irradiated
Fuel Bundles in the Bays
Unit 2
32.728 Irradiated
Fuel Bundles in the Bays
Dry Storage – DICA
84.000 Irradiated
Fuel Bundles
According the National Strategy of Safe Management of RW and SNF on Cernavoda NPP inventories of Spent Nuclear Fuel bundle at 31December 2016:
Geological Disposal
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
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Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
Reference
concept
selected
Site
selected
Repository
construction
beginsURL
constructed
Disposal
operations
begin
Repository
closed
2025
2020
2030
2045
2055
2150
Conclusions
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
➢ The agreed management end-state for spent fuel and LILW-LL is geological disposal, and a singlerepository will be constructed for all spent fuel from the 4 CANDU reactor units at the Cernavodasite, and also for all LILW-LL.
➢ Given that the dry store for spent fuels at the Cernavoda site has a design life of 50 years, there isno requirement for a geological repository to be operational early
➢ Current activities are limited, and focused on planning and preparation of a long-term programmefor the implementation of the geological repository.
➢ The repository will then become operational in around 2055 and there will be parallel phases ofconstruction and operation until the repository is closed in around 2150
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
Nuclear Installations 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 2120 Unit 1 Cernavoda Unit 2 Cernavoda Unit 3 Cernavoda Unit 4 Cernavoda
DICA DFDSMA
Geological Repository Operation Refurbishment Safe closer Decomminissiong
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, RomaniaTel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cyc le,
Vienna, 17-19 July 2018
Thank You!
www.agentianucleara.ro
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