Back Care Basics
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Transcript of Back Care Basics
Back Care Basics• Introductions
• Housekeeping itemsWashrooms
Refreshment breaks
• Overview of lab styleDiscuss
DemonstrateDo
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES• Explains the principles
of good body mechanics
• Demonstrates back care knowledge and injury prevention techniques
• Describes guidelines for footwear, clothing and safety
• Demonstrates assisted walking using transfer belt, safely.
• Demonstrates pivot transfers
• Identifies core strengthening exercises using center of gravity principles
• Demonstrates position principles when assisting students
• Discusses ways to prevent injuries
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BACK CARE BASICSMusculoskeletal injuries (MSI) account for approximately 30% of all lost time injuries to workers in British Columbia. (http://www2.worksafebc.com/Topics/Ergonomics/MSIPreventionProcess.asp )
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WORKSAFE BC FACTS• Patient handling
is the top cause of injury among healthcare workers.
• Care workers who manually transfer or reposition patients are at significant risk of musculoskeletal injuries
Causes of back injury
•Improper lifting•Poor posture•Overexertion•Slips and falls•Excessive weight•Lack of exercise
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INJURY PREVENTIONEducation Identify risk factors:
◦ Lifting, reaching, overexertion, pushing, pulling, kneeling, repetitive movements, unexpected movements of students, leaning…
Understand steps to prevention of injury:◦ Ask for help◦ Use your professionals (Occupational Therapists-
OT, Physiotherapists-PT, NSS Coordinators-Nurses)◦ Work Safe BC (
http://www2.worksafebc.com/Topics/Ergonomics/Resources-General.asp )
◦ Free PDF files that include: 1.Understanding the Risks of Musculoskeletal
Injury (MSI): An Educational Guide for Workers, on Sprains, Strains, and Other MSIs BK78
2.Back Talk: An Owner's Manual for Backs BK4 5
BASIC PRINCIPLES• Prepare the setting and equipment before
starting any lift or move.• Encourage student to assist as much as
possible!• Use good posture:
– Feet apart (wide base of support) or walking stance.– Keep back straight, bend with your knees.– Keep your chin tucked in.– Elbows slightly bent, at your sides, closest to your
body.• Your shoes must have adequate support with
non-slip soles:– No sandals, no open toe shoes, no heels.
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CLOTHINGGroup Discussion
Consider the following questions:• Jewelry concerns? Risk to student?
Yourself?• What is appropriate clothing?• Why is this important in back care?• What things need to be considered
when dressing for work?• Are student age and gender
factors?7
Disc Protrusion VideoWorkSafeBC
http://www2.worksafebc.com/Publications/Multimedia/Videos.asp?ReportID=35330
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Discover your center of gravityPelvic tilt principle Activity
1. Sitting to Stand2. Standing to Sitting
• What happens to your body during this? How do you sit?
• Think arms, thighs, shoulders, abdomen, pelvis, back, knees
3. Now try both without using your arms• What happened?
4. Assist person into sitting position• Have your partner
discuss their comfort level. Where were their knees? Buttocks? Shoulders?
• Review the body mechanics of sitting to stand and stand to sit.
• Discuss point of ‘no return’ when sliding forward on chair.
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Injury Prevention• Hold weight close to your body.• Use your legs and thigh muscles, as
they are stronger than arms and trunk.• Avoid twisting of trunk, use pivot or step
motion.• Use momentum, gravity and
mechanical devices.• Use both hands to avoid twisting.• Palm up grip gives stronger movement.• ASK for ASSISTANCE if weight is too
heavy, don’t be intimidated!• Co-ordinate move by saying, “1-2-3 Lift”
(ensure you discuss with partner, BEFORE move/lift).
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Core Strengthening
Pelvic Floor Muscles
• Kegel exercises strengthen the pelvic floor
Abdominal Wall Strengthen the
oblique's (side abdominal muscles)
Upper and lower abdominal exercise
Quadriceps/Back Wall squats with good
back posture Leg lifts and arm
raises
Warm-up exercises• Not warming up before
stretching leaves your back susceptible to injuries. Warm muscles are more flexible than cold muscles and are less likely to tear.
Balancing Exercises
• also help to strengthen the core muscles (back. abs, hips and buttocks), which are used in balancing.
http://www.bigbackpain.com/back_exercises.html#backstrengtheningexercises
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ONE PERSON PIVOT TRANSFER
Used When:• Student is able to bear weight.• Rehabilitation therapist (OT, PT) has
determined student is safe to transfer.• EA can safely manage pivot, after considering
height and weight of self and height and weight of student.
• Student is able to participate in transfer.
*NOTE: This is a pivot, not a LIFT of the student, if the student requires lifting then alternative mechanical device is required*
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ONE PERSON PIVOT TRANSFER
Discuss principle of pivot transfer
DEMONSTRATEBREAK INTO GROUPS OF TWO
PRACTICE
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ONE PERSON PIVOT TRANSFER1. EA ensures safety of
area 2. EA explains transfer to
student3. EA ensures brakes are
on (if wheelchair or mobile chair)
4. Position chair parallel to toilet (or alternate chair)
5. Remove footrests (if applicable)
6. Position transfer belt securely
7. Position students arms around EA’s waist (not your neck area)
8. Ensure students feet are on floor
9. Face student with hips and knees slightly bent
10. Unlock safety belt (if used)11. Block student’s knees and
feet if required12. Lean student forward from
the hips13. Grasp transfer belt with
both hands at students waist
14. Count 1-2-3 STAND.15. Pivot student towards
destination, slowly16. Lean student’s shoulders
slightly forward while lowering hips to the chair or toilet.
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ASSISTED WALKINGUsed When:Student can take steps.Student requires assistance for safety.
Rehabilitation therapist (PT, OT) has assessed and approved the safety of assisted walking.
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ASSISTED WALKINGDEMONSTRATEBREAK INTO GROUPS OF TWOPRACTICE ASSISTED WALKINGPRACTICE SLIDE TO GROUND
(FALL)
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ASSISTED WALKING1. Ensure area is free of
obstacles2. Ensure enough space
for two people3. Apply transfer belt
securely to student4. Ensure student’s feet
are firmly on floor5. Ensure student is
aware of movements and is ready
6. Grasp transfer belt at waist
7. Count 1-2-3 STAND 8. Assist student to
standing position9. Maintain firm grasp on
transfer belt at back and side position
10. Slowly walk with student, EA is slightly behind supporting self in walking stance (one foot forward) to ensure good center of gravity
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ASSISTED WALKINGPoints to remember during assisted
walking:• Ensure a good center of balance for EA at all
times.• DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CATCH A FALLING
STUDENT!• If you can:
– Place your body behind the student, place your arms around their torso, pull them closer to your center.
– Widen your base of support by placing one foot behind the other.
– Allow the student to slide down your body toward the floor.
– As they slide down, gently lower them to the floor.18
Review of Principles• ABC’s
–Alignment = Good posture• Proper alignment is necessary to ensure no
excess strain on joints and muscles.–Balance
• Holding your center of gravity, close to your base of support.
• Moving your feet further apart, increases your base.
–Coordinated body movement• using your weight to help with movement. (often
the momentum, rocking that gets you going!)
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QUESTIONS?REMEMBER It is up to you to identify the risk factors and request help to prevent risk to YOU and YOUR studentDon’t be afraid to ask for help!
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