+

ESS 3092: KINESIOLOGY Week 7

+Intervertebral Disc

Bears & distributes load

Mobility

Nucleus pulposus 80-90% water 15-25 mm/day

3

+How many true ribs?How many false ribs?

How many floating ribs?

Thoracic Cavity RIBS

true (7)

false (3)

floating (2)

costal cartilage

STERNUM

manubrium clavicular notch

body costal facets

xiphoid process

5

+

What are the 3 major muscles of the Erector

Spinae?

Erector Spinae (sacrospinalis)

Origin Sacrum, spinous

processes of lower two thoracic & all lumbar

Insertion Transverse and spinous

processes as well as ribs and skull

Location: Posterior

Movements (spine) Extension (C & L) Ipsilateral flexion

(C & L)

Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis

7

+ Cervical Joints

+ Vertebral ColumnCervical Joints

Atlanto-occipital Occipital condyles, 1st vertebrae Flexion, extension (sag)

Atlanto-axial Atlas (C1), axis (C2) Rotation

Pivot-joint Most mobile

Odontoid Process

9

+

TPS:

4x6 card- List the stabilizers of the trunk

AnteriorPosteriorLateral

TrapeziusOrigin spinous process (T), skull

Insertion lateral clavicle, acromion

process, scapular spine

Location posterior

Movements elevation (upper &

middle), depression (lower) retraction (adduction) upward rotation (middle &

lower)

p. 66

Rhomboid Major & Minor

Origin spinous process (C7, T1-

5)

Insertion medial border of scapula

Location posterior/medial

Movements downward rotation elevation retraction

p. 69

Levator Scapulae

Origin transverse processes

(C)

Insertion medial border of

scapula

Location posterior

Movements elevation (primary)

retraction, downward rotation (assists)

p. 68

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

14+Quadratus Lumborum

Origin Iliac crest

Insertion 12th rib and transverse

process of the lumbar vertebrae

Actions Lateral flexion Lumbar extension

15+Multifidus

Origin Posterior sacrum Superior iliac spine

Insertion Spinous process of the

vertebrae, excluding C1

Actions Lateral flexion Trunk extension

+ Cervical Muscles

Capitis originate C vertebrae insert occipital bone

Anterior- flexors lateral flexion

Posterior – extensors rotation lateral flexion

SternocleidomastoidOrigin Sternal manubrium,

medial clavicle

Insertion Mastoid process of

temporal bone

Location: Lateral

Movements Flexion Lateral flexion Rotation

Splenius CapitisOrigin (inferior)

Spinous process of C7-T4

Insertion Mastoid process & occipital bone

Location: Posterior

Movements Cervical Spine: Extension Ipsilateral rotation, ipsilateral

flexion

CA

19

Splenius Cervicis

Origin (inferior)

Spinous processes of T3-6

Insertion Transverse process of C1-3

Movements Cervical Spine:

Extension Ipsilateral rotation,

ipsilateral flexion

Semispinalis

Origin Transverse processes of

C4-T7

Insertion Occipital bone

Location: Posterior

Movements Cervical Spine:

Extension Contralateral rotation

Rectus AbdominisOrigin

Pubic crest

Insertion Cartilage of ribs 5-

7, xiphoid process

Location: anterior

Movements Trunk flexion

Rectus Abdominis

Controls Post pelvic tilt &

curvature LS Flattens lower back What effect does this have

on erector spinae & hip flexors? more effective

Definition 3 depressions

area of tendinous connective tissue

External ObliqueOrigin

Lateral side of ribs 5-12

Insertion Anterior iliac crest,

pubic crest

Location: Lateral/Anterior

Movements Flexion (together) Ipsilateral flexion Contralateral rotation

(independently)

Internal ObliqueOrigin

Anterior iliac crest

Insertion Cartilage of ribs 8-

10

Location: anterior/medial

Movements (LS) Flexion Ipsilateral flexion

Fiber direction

25

Movement Analysis: Boxing

Plane

Axis

Action

Agonist

Antagonist

PHASE 12

26+ KINESIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS SUMMARY SHEET

 ACTIVITY: Boxing

27

+Common Injuries

28+Common Injuries- Sprain

Stretch and/or tear of a ligament, the fibrous band of connective tissue that joins the end of one bone with another

Direct or indirect trauma knocks a joint out of position, and overstretches, and, in severe cases, ruptures the supporting ligaments Landing on an outstretched arm; slides into a

base; jumps up and lands on the side of the foot; or runs on an uneven surface

29+Strain

A strain is an injury of a muscle and/or tendon

Chronic strains are the result of overuse (prolonged, repetitive movement) of muscles and tendons Inadequate rest breaks during intensive training

Acute strains are caused by a direct blow to the body

Overstretching

Excessive muscle contraction

30+Tendinitis

Inflammation, irritation, and swelling of a tendon

Can occur as a result of injury, overuse, or with aging as the tendon loses elasticity

Commonly affected sites include: Elbow

Heel

Shoulder

Wrist

31+Bursitis

What is a bursa?“Flattened connective tissue sac that

is lined by a synovial membrane” Fluid filled sac

What causes bursitis?InjuryChronic pressureInfection

32+Bursitis Cont.

X-ray testing can sometimes detect calcifications in the bursa when bursitis has been chronic or recurrent.

MRI scanning (magnetic resonance imaging) can also detect bursitis

33+Herniated Disc

+ 34

Herniated Disc

When these cartilaginous discs are damaged from an injury, normal wear and tear, or disease, they may bulge abnormally or break open

If the herniated disc presses on a nerve root, it may cause pain, numbness, or tingling

35+Osteoporosis/Osteopenia

Bone is living tissue, which is constantly being absorbed and replaced

Osteoporosis occurs when the creation of new bone doesn't keep up with the removal of old bone (osteoblast/osteoclasts)

Approximately 10 million Americans have osteoporosis Estimates suggest that about half of all women older than

50, and up to one in four men, will break a bone because of osteoporosis

36+Osteoporosis/Osteopenia

Women are far more likely to develop osteopenia and osteoporosis than men

RISK factors Eating disorders or metabolism problems Chemotherapy, or medicines such as steroids Exposure to radiation Genetics Low body mass White or Asian Limited physical activity Smoking Regularly drinking soda Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol

+ScoliosisLateral deviation of the spinePrimary cause: Weak musculature on the convex sideCurvature plus vertebral rotation

+KyphosisExcessive curvature of the thoracic regionPrimary cause: Compression/collapse or lack of vertebral bodies

+Lordosis (Lumbar/Cervical)Lumbar curvatureCounteracts the anterior gravitational shift of kyphosis or seen with pregnancy

+Rotator Cuff Tear

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVHerudtPxEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVHerudtPxE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVHerudtPxEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVHerudtPxE

+

Conditions associated with the spine

Spinal StenosisCauses: Abuse, age, natural

progressionSpurs, connective tissue

changes, herniation, disease, inflammation

Symptoms: Treatment:

+

DJD/DDD

+

Herniation/Rupture

Intervertebral discs: Structural anatomyFunction:Nutrient supply:As we age:

Protrusion of the intervertebral discAnteriorolateral/posterolateralSymptoms:Treatment: