Bab 1. Viskositas Dan Mekanisme Perpindahan Momentum_a
Transcript of Bab 1. Viskositas Dan Mekanisme Perpindahan Momentum_a
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FLUKS MOMENTUM (yx ) F/A = V/Y
◦ F = Gaya (ML/t2)◦ = viskositas (M/Lt)◦ V = kecepatan (L/t)◦ Y = Jarak (L)Momentum = m.v Gaya = m.a = m.(v/t)
= momentum/t Laju momemtum
F/A = yx = - dvx/dy◦ yx = flux momentum = Laju momentum/luas =
gaya/luas◦ dvx/dy = Gradien kecepatan
vx
y
x
F
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General equation yx = - dvx/dy
The Bingham Modelyx = - 0 dvx/dy 0 if yx 0
dvx/dy = 0 if yx 0
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The Ostwald-de Waele Modelyx = - m dvx/dy n-1 dvx/dy
The Eyring Modelyx = A arcsinh -1/B X dvx/dy )
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The Ellis Modeldvx/dy = 0 + 1 + yx -1 ) yx
The Reiner-Philippoff Model
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Untuk Cairan semakin tinggi suhu, viskositas semakin rendah.
Untuk Gas semakin tinggi suhu, viskositas semakin tinggi.
Mendapatkan viskositas cairan dan gas:
1. Metode grafika. Diketahui µc
b. Diketahui µo
2. Persamaan Lennard-Jones (teori kinetik gas)
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Mendapatan nilai µc:- Dari Apendik Tabel B-1- Metode Watson-Uyehara
1. Metode Grafik
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ε = energi interaksi molekul K = konstanta Boltzmanm’s σ = diameter molekul, Ao
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1. Pseudocritical
Kemudian menggunakan grafik 1.3-1 atau 1.3-2
2. Wilke
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h = konstanta Plack’s
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Spesies Fraksi mol, x
Berat molekul, M
Viscositas,µ
1: CO2 0,133 44,010 1462 x 10-7
2: O2 0,039 32,000 2031 x 10-7
3: N2 0,828 28,016 1754 x 10-7
Viscositas campuran
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7
7
1462 101 1,000
1462 10i
j
j
44,010
1 1,00044,010
i
j
Mj
M
44,0103 1,571
28,016i
j
Mj
M
44,0102 1,375
32,000i
j
Mj
M
7
7
1462 103 0,834
1754i
j
j
7
7
1462 102 0,720
2031 10i
j
j
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2
1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 41(1 ) 1 ( ) ( )
8ji i
ijj j i
MM
M M
12 0,730
ijGAS 1 dg gas 2
13 0,727 Dengan cara yang sama kita dapatkanΦ13
i j Mi/Mj µi/µj Φij1 1 1,000 1,000 1,00
0
2 1,375 0,720 0,730
0,763
3 1,571 0,834 0,727
3
1j ij
j
x
2
1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 41 1(1 1,375) 1 (0,720) ( )
1,3758ij
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3
1j ij
j
x
3
1
0,133*1,00 0,039*0,730 0,828*0,727 0,763j ijj
x
7 7 73
31
1
7 1 1
(0,133)(1462)(10 ) (0,039)(2031)(10 ) (0,828)(1754)(10 )
0,763 1,057 1,049
1714 10 sec
i imix
ij ij
j
x
x
gcm
Gas CO2 Gas O2Gas N2
Untuk Gas CO2