B.8ABC: Taxonomy

B.8ABC: Taxonomy

Picture Vocabulary

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taxonomy

The science of classifying organisms into groups or taxa


binomial nomenclature

The system of naming organisms scientifically developed by Carolus Linnaeus; consists of

the genus and species names

Falco berigora


kingdom

The highest level of organism classification; contains the greatest amount of species and

the highest biodiversity

Kingdom: Animalia


phylum

The level of organism classification that is below kingdom and above class

Phylum: Anthophyta


class

The level of organism classification that is below phylum and above order

Class: Reptilia


order

The level of organism classification that is below class and above family

Order: Insecta


family

The level of organism classification that is below class and above genus

Family: Bovidae


genus

The level of organism classification that is below family and above species;

the first part of the scientific name

Genus: Ursus


species

The most specific level of organism classification that contains only one type of organism; the second part of the scientific

name

U. americanus


cladogram

A branching diagram showing the species divergence at specific points in

ancestral history © 2012 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

dichotomous key

A tool used to determine the classification of an unknown organism through a series of

identifying questions

Organism

Plant

Algae Conifer

Animal

Mammal Rep5le


homology (homologies)

Two characteristics that are similar because they originated from a

common ancestor © 2012 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

ancestry (ancestries)

An organism’s lineage of descendants


Kingdom Archaebacteria

Consists of unicellular, prokaryotic organisms that are found in extreme

environments © 2012 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

Kingdom Eubacteria

Consists of unicellular, prokaryotic organisms that are found in almost every environment on Earth;

can be autotrophic or heterotrophic


Kingdom Protista

Consists of mainly unicellular organisms that are eukaryotic; can be autotrophic

or heterotrophic © 2012 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

Kingdom Fungi

Consists mostly of multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that feed on

decaying organic matter © 2012 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

Kingdom Plantae

Consists of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are autotrophic;

high level of biodiversity © 2012 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

Kingdom Animalia

Consists of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophic; live in

a variety of environments © 2012 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

unicellular

An organism composed of a single cell


multicellular

An organism composed of many cells


heterotrophic

An organism that must consume other organisms for energy


autotrophic

An organism that can produce its own nourishment through the process of

photosynthesis © 2012 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

cladistics

A classification system based upon evolutionary history of groups of organisms


heterotroph

An organism that must consume other organisms for energy


invertebrate

An animal that lacks a backbone or nerve cord


vertebrate

An animal that has a backbone that surrounds the nerve cord


Domain Archaea

The highest level of taxonomy containing

prokaryotes that live and survive in

extreme conditions


Domain Bacteria

The highest taxonomic level

containing common

prokaryotic organisms


Domain Eukarya

The highest taxonomic level

containing common

eukaryotic organisms


sessile

The property of some animals lacking the ability to move around


motile

The ability of animals being able to move around on their own


B.8ABC: Taxonomy

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