B4ANG201106S

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/b4ang201106s 1/9

FEDERATION EUROPEENNE DES ECOLES

EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF SCHOOLSOrganisation non gouvernementale dotée du statut participatif auprès du Conseil de l’Europe

NGO enjoying participatory status with the Council of Europe

© Fédération Européenne Des Ecoles - European Federation of Schools - Juin 2011

UC B4 Anglais écrit - Sujet

UE B - LANGUE VIVANTE

EUROPEENNE

UC B4 - Anglais Ecrit

Aucun dictionnaire autorisé

Les réponses doivent être reportées sur la fiche optique fournie

Type d’épreuve : QCM et Essai

Durée : 1h45min

Session : Juin 2011

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© Fédération Européenne Des Ecoles - European Federation of Schools - Juin 2011 2/9


UC B4 - ANGLAIS ECRIT

BAREME DE NOTATION

1/ Questionnaire à Choix Multiples* 60 points

2/ Texte à compléter* 90 points

3/ Essai 70 points

Total 220 points

* DETAIL DU BAREME DE NOTATION DU QCM ET DU TEXTE A COMPLETER

Bonne réponse 3 points

Absence de réponse 0 point

Réponse erronée -1 point

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1/ Questionnaire à choix multiples

Texte de compréhension n°1

Early retirement 'is good for us', research shows

Taking early retirement is beneficial, at least for your mental health, say researchers. Their study of over14,000 employees for France's national grid shows giving up work at 55 comes as a great relief to most,

cutting stress and fatigue. However, the British Medical Journal study did not find any benefit in terms of

physical health. Experts believe the picture is a complex one - other research suggests retirement may worsen

health.

A large study a year ago found those who stop working completely at retirement age are at greater risk of

heart attacks, cancer and other major diseases than those who ease their way into retirement by taking a part-

time job. Psychologists say this is because the right type of employment boosts a person's self-esteem and

sense of well-being, and hence physical health. It also provides extra cash to feather what can be rather

meagre nest eggs. Conversely, staying in a stressful job will have a negative impact.

Researchers tracked the health of the French employees over a 15-year period that spanned both before andafter the workers decided to take up their company's offer of early retirement at around the age of 55. In the

year before retirement, a quarter of the workers had suffered from depressive symptoms and around one in 10

had a known medical condition such as diabetes or heart disease. After retirement there was a substantial drop

in rates of both mental and physical fatigue, and a smaller but still significant decrease in depressive

symptoms.

This research tells us that we need to do something about the working life itself and change it to

accommodate older people if they are to work for longer and in good health. This might mean offering more

part-time working or a change in job role, for example. Another factor to consider is whether retirement is

voluntary or not. Campaigners have argued that mandatory retirement when a person reaches a certain age is

demoralising and discriminatory. Others are forced to carry on working for financial reasons.

The UK government plans to scrap the default retirement age of 65 from October 2011. Retirement rules vary

across Europe although, even where there is no default retirement age, figures from 2005 showed that people

did not, on average, work beyond the age of 65.

Extracted from BBC News - 24 November 2010

1. The article deals with :a. what people should do to obtain a comfortable income when retiring.

b. the physical and mental problems due to retirement.

c. investigations carried out on early retirement and consequences to mental and physical health

d. accommodation for French employees after early retirement

2. “those who ease their way into retirement” means :a. those who take it easy during retirement

b. those who have planned a gradual retirement scheme

c. those who have been eased into retirement

d. those who find it easy to do

3. “It also provides…meagre nest eggs”. This suggests that it enables people to :a. provide additional income for what would otherwise be considered as scanty savings

b. change eggs into comfortable nests

c. change what was initially skimpy nests into comfortable homes

d. provide feathers to furnish insignificant nests

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4. “Researchers tracked the health…at around the age of 55”. This suggests that :a. researchers ran after employees for 15-years to determine health problems due to early retirement

b. researchers tracked down French employees both before and after retirement

c. researchers studied the attitude of French employees during a 15-year period

d. researchers undertook a 15-year health survey in France that covered the period prior and

subsequent to early retirement

5. “there was a substantial drop in rates” means :a. rates plummeted

b. rates were shot down

c. rates skyrocketed

d. rates were dropped

6. In this text, “to accommodate” means :a. to house

b. to settle for

c. to allow for

d. to take into

7. “Others are forced to carry on” means :a. others are obliged to continue

b. others are obliged to take on

c. others are enticed into

d. others have to wear

8. “to scrap” means :a. to get rid of

b. to take care of

c. to write off d. to take on

9. “even where there is no default retirement age” means :a. even where workers are not forced to retire

b. even where there is no faulty retirement age

c. even where there is no age limit

d. even where you have to retire

10. “work beyond the age of 65” means :a. work to the age of 65

b. retire before the age of 65

c. continue working after the age of 65d. retire when you are 65

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Texte de compréhension n°2

A journey through the Earth's climate history

World leaders prepare to meet in Copenhagen to discuss climate change - how did the Earth's climate arrive at

its current state and how do scientists delve into the secrets of our planet's past? The layers of ice laid downeach year in Antarctica and Greenland store a record of the Earth's climate. Bubbles of air trapped in the ice as

it froze can be analysed to give details on temperature at the time it froze, and on atmospheric concentrations

of gases. The oldest ice core so far extracted belongs to the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica

(Epica). It allows scientists to look back 800,000 years.

Over time, the Earth's orbit around the Sun varies slightly. This changes the amount of solar energy reaching

the Earth's surface, alternately warming and cooling the planet's surface. In a warming phase, greenhouse

gases such as carbon dioxide are released and amplify the warming - increasing the natural greenhouse effect.

They are stored again when an ice age starts. So over this period, we see temperature and carbon dioxide

concentrations changing in step, in cycles lasting about 100,000 years.

About 10,000 years ago, the Earth emerged from its most recent ice age. Agriculture developed, and the extrafood supported a growing global population. The last 1,000 years saw development of international trade - and

eventually, in the 1700s, the birth of the Industrial Revolution. This ran largely on coal and later, oil.

A pattern of change affecting global or regional climate as measured by yardsticks such as average

temperature and rainfall, or an alteration in frequency of extreme weather conditions. This variation may be

caused by both natural processes and human activity. Global warming is one aspect of climate change. In the

20th Century, fuel use, industry, land clearance and agriculture all increased atmospheric concentrations of

CO2 and other greenhouse gases.

The temperature curve for the last 100 years shows two distinct periods of warming with an intervening period

of cooling around 1940, probably caused by increased industrial emissions of aerosols, tiny particles that

reflect sunlight.

In the second half of the century, highly accurate measurements proved that carbon dioxide concentrations

were steadily rising in a regular manner. Other greenhouse gases such as methane showed similar trends.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes it is more than 90% probable that the

warming seen in the second half of the 20th Century is mainly driven by human emissions of greenhouse

gases.

Extracted from BBC News - 3 December 2009

11. The article deals with :a. a day in the history of climatic conditions on Earth

b. a trip into Earth's climatic history

c. a day in Earth's climatic history

d. a daily jump into Earth's climatic history

12. The question asked in paragraph one concerns :a. how the Earth came to be.

b. how the Earth's climate has become what it is today.

c. what the Earth's present state is.

d. what the current climate is like.

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13. “delve into” means :a. put in

b. investigate

c. pick up

d. dive into

14. What is the property of Epica?a. a belonging

b. a corps

c. a central part of ice

d. an ice corps

15. “Over time” means :a. extra hours

b. over a given period of time

c. extra time

d. several times

16. “Temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations can be seen changing in step” means :a. in time

b. harmoniously

c. once in a while

d. musically

17. “The Earth emerged from its most recent ice age” means :a. the Earth rises up from its most recent ice age

b. the Earth woke up from its most recent ice age

c. the Earth rose up from its most recent ice age

d. the Earth wakes up from its most recent ice age

18. “such as average temperature and rainfall” means :a. at average temperature and rainfall

b. on average temperature and rainfall

c. like average temperature and rainfall

d. likely average temperature and rainfall

19. What does the temperature curve for the last 100 years show? a. a period of warming and a period of cooling

b. two distinct periods, one of warming and one of cooling

c. two periods of warming interrupted by a period of cooling

d. two distinct periods of warming in 1940 and a cooling period

20. What does the IPCC conclude? a. it concludes that it was improbable that 90% of the warming had been caused by human

emissions of greenhouse gases

b. it concludes that it was unlikely that the warming had been caused by human emissions of

greenhouse gases

c. it concludes that it was more than probable that 10% of the warming was caused by human


d. it concludes that it was highly likely that almost 100% of the warming was caused by human


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2/ Texte à compléter

Hydrogen bus launched on London tourist route

The UK's first permanent hydrogen bus ______(21) ______ on a popular tourist route in London today.

Seven more hydrogen buses will be added to the RV1 route – which _____(22)________Covent Garden, theTower of London and the South Bank - ______(23) ______ mid-2011.

The initiative, which follows a trial of three hydrogen buses ______(24) ______ the capital between 2003 and

2007, has been described as a "stepping stone" to rolling out the technology across the country. The launch

will also coincide with the opening of the UK's ______(25) _______hydrogen refuelling station in Leyton,

east London.

The new bus, which was designed specially for London, will begin carrying passengers tomorrow. It produces

water vapour from its tailpipe and can operate for more than 18 hours without _____(26) _____to refuel.

The buses contain batteries that can store electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell – a device that

combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce power and water as a by-product – in addition to energy generatedduring the braking process._____(27) _____a result, they can travel much farther than the ones

____(28) _____ in London as part of the EU-sponsored Cute – Cleaner Urban Transport for Europe – project

in 2003. The new buses were designed by the consortium of businesses that ____(29) _____ Vancouver with a

_____(30) _____of 39 buses in 2009. "The main difference is that those buses were designed to

____(31) _____ temperatures ______(32) ______ -20C," said David Hart, a hydrogen fuel expert based at

Imperial College ____(33) _____ was involved ______(34) _______Cute.

More than 4,300 ______(35) _______ are caused in London by poor air quality every year, costing around

£2bn a year. The new buses will go some way towards _______(36) ______ this ______(37) _____problem,

says Hart. "All that comes out of ______(38) _____ buses is water vapour, so you don't get all of the nasty

nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and particulate matter that diesel buses pump out into the air." The buses may

also reduce carbon emissions – but only if the hydrogen they run _______(39) ______ is generated usingrenewable electricity rather _____(40) _____ electricity produced by burning coal, he said.

One key hurdle to rolling out the buses _______(41) ______ the UK is cost – but Edwards ____(42) ____

optimistic that the situation will improve soon. "This technology is currently very new, with these buses being

designed _____(43) _____ the London operating environment. As such, with development costs, these buses

are typically more expensive than their traditional hybrid diesel counterpart. But as the technology

_____(44) _____ along _____(45)____ the environment benefits they bring, the commercial market for

these buses ______(46) ______ and we expect the costs to drop dramatically," he said.

London is one of a handful of cities around the world to adopt hydrogen buses. In May 2003, Madrid

_____(47) _____ the first city in the world to run a regular hydrogen bus service. Hamburg, Perth and

Reykjavik quickly followed suit. Berlin's Clean Energy Partnership project, which began in 2006,_____(48) ______ to put 14 hydrogen buses and 40 hydrogen cars on the road by 2016. The largest hydrogen

project in the world – the Hydrogen Highway – is based in California and has so far _____(49) ___ 30

refuelling stations. In December 2009, Amsterdam ______(50) _____ launched Nemo H2, a tour boat

powered by hydrogen.

Extracted from The Guardian 10 December 2010

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21.

a. has been launched

b. launches

c. will be launched

d. is launched

22.

a. takes out

b. takes away

c. takes back

d. takes in

23.

a. by

b. through

c. on

d. at

24.

a. on

b. in

c. with

d. above

25.

a. larger

b. larger than

c. the largest

d. largest

26.

a. being needed

b. needing

c. the need for

d. need

27.

a. at

b. as

c. as far as

d. as for

28.

a. tailed

b. trialled

c. trailled

d. trial

29.

a. furnished

b. furnish

c. has furnished

d. are furnishing

30.

a. flotte

b. fleet

c. flight

d. flock

31.

a. with

b. without

c. withstand

d. within

32.

a. above

b. on

c. below

d. over

33.

a. which

b. that

c. who

d. witch

34.

a. at

b. in

c. on

d. about

35.

a. dead

b. deads

c. death

d. deaths

36.

a. backling

b. backing

c. tacking

d. tackling

37.

a. drier

b. dire

c. dryer

d. dry

38.

a. that

b. those

c. these

d. this

39.

a. from

b. on

c. in

d. for

40.

a. that

b. on

c. thus

d. than

41.

a. for

b. across

c. above

d. from

42.

a. was

b. were

c. has

d. is

43.

a. to suit

b. to suite

c. to do

d. to carry

44.

a. is

b. is proven

c. is proved

d. prouved

45.

a. with

b. to

c. from

d. through

46.

a. should open out

b. should open up

c. should open

d. should open onto

47.

a. become

b. has become

c. is becoming

d. became

48.

a. has aimed

b. aims

c. aimed

d. was aimed

49.

a. build

b. builded

c. built

d. has built

50.

a. although

b. however

c. has

d. also

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3/ Essai

Why is the state pension age rising in France? Do you consider it a problem? How would you

solve this problem? How will this measure change the way you perceive your future?

- Describe the reasons why the state pension age is rising in France (historical, economical, political or

social causes).

- Provide arguments for and against this measure.

- Suggest different solutions to this problem.

- Analyse how you could efficiently prepare for your retirement.

Answer in 400 words (+ ou - 10%).

B4ANG201106S

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