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Getting StartedLesson Nine

Imagine

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A life without

nature’s beauty

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A life without

the simple things

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A life without the things

---make us smile

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How come it would be?

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A race against

time

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A gift from GodA gift from God

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Have existed since the Pleistocene Era (about 600,000 years ago)

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Delightful

CaptivatingYet only 15,000 are left

in the world

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What can we do before letting nature’s beauty slide into extinction?

Protect them from disappearing.

Before we can help them,

we have to know more about them first!

Yes!

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Let’s check!How much do

you know

about ?

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What do we call this ?

Panda Giant panda

Are they really giant?

X 4040 =

Actually,

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1. Which do the Chinese call giant pandas, “large bear-cats” or “large cat-bears”?

BothThe giant panda is also known as the panda bear or bamboo bear. In fact, its scientific name “Ailuropoda Melanoleuca” means “black and white cat-footed animal.”

What leaded to this result? Guess!

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2. Are giant pandas..?

bears

catsor

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What are the reasons that make you think giant pandas belong in the cat family rather than the bear family?

(1) Most bears’ eyes have round pupils. The exception is the giant panda, whose pupils are vertical ( 垂直的 ) slites( 裂縫 ), like cats’ eyes.

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(2) Giant pandas do not hibernate( 冬眠 ).

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Why do you think that giant pandas are bears?

1.Giant pandas are bear-like in shape and they are famous for the dark circles around their eyes. In addition, their ears, shoulder bands, arms and legs are also covered in dark hair; while the rest of its body is white.

2.Giant pandas have a rolling gait( 步伐 ) just like other bears.

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For years scientists have wondered whether pandas are bears, raccoons, or in a group all their own. Through studying the genetic code (DNA) in pandas’ cells, scientists have confirmed the panda’s relation with bears. Giant pandas are similar to other bears in their general looks, the way they walk and climb, and their skull characteristics.

Giant pandas are bears.

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3. What are the physical characteristics of the giant panda?

A big head

A heavy body

Two rounded ears

A short tail (approximately 12.7cm.)

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Giant pandas are white with black patches( 斑點 ) around the eyes, ears, shoulders, chest, legs, and feet.

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Weight between 80 and 125 kilograms about the same size as the American black bear.

About 160 to 180 centimeters long

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Giant pandas have slit-like pupils similar to a snake’s eyes. This allows them to see in the dark.

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Which one is giant panda’s paw?

A B C D

cat paw black bear paw giant panda paw polar bear paw

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Giant pandas have very unusual front paws---- one of the wrist bones is enlarged and elongated( 延長 ) and is used like a thumb, enabling the giant panda to grasp stalks of bamboo.

opposable thumb

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Pandas have very thick, oily, woolly fur that keeps them warm in their cold, wet mountain habitat.

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NoPandas are always black and white but no two pandas look exactly alike as there are small differences in their markings.

4.Could two pandas look exactly alike?

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5. What is life span of giant pandas in the wild?

About 25 years.

Pandas in the wild live about 25 years while those in captivity will live to be about 30. The oldest living Giant Panda is in Wuhan zoo, China and is an unbelievable 36 years old.

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Giant pandas feed mainly on bamboo, consuming up to 38 kilograms a day.

6. What is the giant panda’s main food?

BambooBamboo

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What else do giant pandas eat?

grass

fruits

flower

honey

fish

insect

rodent

Green corn

Grown up pandas may eat as much as 40 pounds each day. Forty pounds is about as much as a Kindergarten student weighs!

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Do they eat a lot?

How long do they eat a day?

At least 12 hours

Poor-nutrition

Yes! Since bamboo does not contain much nutrient( 營養物 ), pandas must eat a large quantity to have enough nutrition. In addition, because of their relatively narrow and short intestines( 腸子 ), pandas cannot digest bamboo very well. Thus, giant pandas spend a lot of their waking hours eating bamboos.

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Because of bamboo’s natural phenomenon---periodic die-off

Is there an enough supply of bamboo for giant pandas to eat?

No!

Every 60 years or so the bamboo in a certain area may naturally bloom and die off. It will take several years for the new bamboo shoots to grow back. During this time, many wild pandas have to search for other areas to live in.

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7. What is the habitat of the panda?

In the wild, giant pandas only live in a few mountain ranges in central and western China, mainly in Sichuan( 四川 ), Shaanxi( 陜西 ), and Gansu( 甘肅 ) provinces.

四川

甘肅

陜西

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The natural habitat of the giant panda is cool, wet, cloudy mountain forest land where bamboo grows. Giant pandas are found in mixed deciduous( 每年落葉的 )/evergreen temperate forests, between 3,000 and 10,500 feet in altitude( 海拔 ). Pandas used to also live at lower altitudes.

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Because of the rapid growth of population in China, large areas of natural forest in pandas’ habitat cleared for agriculture, timber, and human habitation, panda habitat inevitably disappears.

Deforestation also caused giant pandas’ habitat fragmentation. That directly leads to the greater risk of inbreeding for giant pandas. From now on, it’s difficult for them to find appropriate mates.

8. Is there enough living space for giant pandas?

No!

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Pandas are mostly shy, solitary animals. They live most of their lives alone. A small group of pandas may share a large feeding territory( 領土 ), usually only meeting to breed.

Alone

9. Do giant pandas like to live alone or together?

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11. How long is giant pandas’ gestation( 懷孕 ) period?

4 to 5 months

10. When do they mate?

From mid-March to mid-May

12. How many cubs do they give birth to once at most?

Two

13. Can two cubs all survive? No!

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When the cub is first born, it weighs only about 100 grams ( lighter than an apple). It has no fur and is blind for the first six weeks. During this time the mother does not leave the cub’s side. She has to spend much time licking the cub so that it will not have any smell that might attract predators( 掠奪者 ).

14.How do Giant pandas raise panda babies?

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A very low birthrate

Food shortages

The natural habitat loss and fragmentation

A great risk of inbreeding

Poaching( 盜獵 )

What are the main threats to us today?

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What has China been doing to improve giant panda’s natural living environment and to increase

its number?

Cooperating with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) , China has been working to develop reserves in the mountains of China and to start breeding programs in zoos around the world. Thanks to their unyielding dedication, there has been 45 giant pandas born in captivity since 1997. Today, breeding in captivity enjoys a high success rate.

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need our help!

Many lives

also

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Formosan black bear

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Blue whale

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Formosan rock

monkey

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Green turtle

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Jaguar

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Rhinoceros

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Asian elephant

black-faced spoonbill

Masou formosanusBengal tiger

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What can we do to protect endangered animals from

extinction?

Let’s take action!

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Ways8

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Way 1

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Reject medicines and formulas( 處方 ) that use endangered species or animal ingredients( 原料 ).

Way 1

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Way 2

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Way 2

Donate money to

funds

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Way 3

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Way 3Replant

trees.

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Way 4

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Join a group who helps

endangered animals.

Way 4

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Way 5

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Way 5Adopt

endangered animals.

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Way 6

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Report violators who illegally

buy, sell or use endangered

species.

Way 6

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Way 7

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If you see any endangered

animals, or any animals at all, try

to help that animal the best that you

can. Way 7

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Way 8

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Write letters to the

government and ask to stop over hunting.

Way 8

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If nothing is done,…..

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They will be extinct.

They will be extinct.

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To imagine a world without animals is…….

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to see our own life lacking in meaning and excitement.

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We should treasure our environment along with all its

living forms before it is too late.

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Extinction is forever.

Because……..