B115 Male Reproductive Anatomy & Physiology
description
Transcript of B115 Male Reproductive Anatomy & Physiology
B115 Male Reproductive
Anatomy & Physiology
Lesson Outline
Male Reproductive Terms
Male Reproduction Process
Glands
Semen Evaluation
Abnormalities
Fertilization
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 3
Male Reproductive Terms
Testicle: The male sex gland that produces sperm. Spermatozoa: The male’s sex cell that is responsible for
fertilization. Seminiferous Tubules: Small structures in the testicles that are
responsible for spermatogenesis (sperm production). Semen: Sperm and additional fluids produced by several
accessory glands.
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 4
Male Reproductive Terms
Epididymis: Cord attached to the testicle that is responsible for sperm maturing and final development.
Vas Deferens: Tube that connects the epididymis with the urethra. Sperm cells move through here to the urethra.
Urethra: Tube that carries urine from the bladder Seminal Vesicles: Organs which contain fluids necessary for
sperm survival. Prostate Gland: Gland that contributes seminal fluid necessary for
healthy sperm.
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 5
Male Reproductive Terms
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 6
Male Reproductive Terms
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 7
Male Reproductive Terms
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 8
Male Reproduction Process
Gonadotrophin production by the hypothalamus causes the pituitary to produce FSH and LH.
These stimulate the cells of the testicle to produce testosterone, and spermatozoa or sperm.
In the tiny seminiferous tubules of the testicle, immature sperm are produced.
These sperm move to the epididymis where they fully mature and are stored prior to ejaculation.
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 9
Male Reproduction Process
During ejaculation, the sperm travel through the vas deferens, and into the urethra.
In the vas deferens and urethra, additional fluid from the secondary sex glands (seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands) is added which helps keep the sperm alive.
Sperm are very sensitive to extremes in heat or cold.
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 10
Male Reproduction Process
The scrotum is sack like structure designed to regulate the optimal temperature for sperm production by drawing the testicles closer to the body or away from the body.
Animals that are sick, have a fever, or are fat (causing insulation for the sperm) often have lower numbers of healthy sperm. Severe cold, and stress, can also cause decreased numbers of normal sperm.
It takes 60 days for sperm to completely mature so many reproductive problems in bulls may not show up for several months.
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 11
Male Reproductive Tract Glands
Seminal Vesicles: Produce a fluid that protects and transports the sperm.
Prostrate Gland: Located near the urethra and the bladder. Produces fluid that is mixed with seminal fluid.
Cowper’s Gland: Produces fluid that cleans and neutralizes the urethra.
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 12
Semen Evaluation
Semen is evaluated on three things: Concentration Morphology Motility
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 13
Concentration
Number of sperm cells per milliliter Most important fertility Indicator Average ejaculate ranges from 4 to 6 milliliters and contains 6 to
8 billion sperm cells.
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 14
Mobility
Microscope at 400X 70% or more mobile cells at 40 degrees centigrade (104 F)
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 15
Mobility
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 16
Morphology
Proportion of abnormal sperm Should not exceed 20% Most bulls produce some abnormalities
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 17
Sperm Morphology
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 18
Double Head
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 19
Abnormal Head
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 20
Abnormal Head
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 21
Elongated Head
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 22
Swollen Neck & Tail
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 23
Detached Head
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 24
Broken Tail
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 25
Coiled Tail
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 26
Sperm Abnormalities
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 27
Sperm Abnormalities
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 28
Sperm Abnormalities
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 29
Sperm Abnormalities
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 30
Fertilization
Fertilization is the union of the sperm and the egg. Conditions for fertilization:
Male and female compatibility Female in Heat Egg is mature
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 31
Sperm on an Egg
Infovets Educational Resources – www.infovets.com – Slide 32
Embryos
The result of fertilization, early stage of development of the fetus.