B O T T O M

B I L L I O N

Dr. Ahmad Puad Mat Som

Bottom Billion

• World population – 6.875 billion

• 1-5-1 Division

Bottom Billion

• 1 billion rich

• 5 billion in rapidly developing countries

• 1 billion in states ‘falling behind and falling apart’

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Bottom Billion

Bottom Billion

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• weak/poor governance

• often with a history of conflict

• resulted in limited government ability to disburse aid effectively

Characteristics of the States:

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• landlocked with bad neighbors

• suppression of human rights

• marginalization of particular ethnic groups

Characteristics of the States:

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• live in on no money

• stuck in absolute poverty

• no education

Characteristics of the People:

Bottom Billion

• live in trap of disease

- parasitic and bacterial infections

- dengue is the highest burden

- soil-transmitted infections are prevalent

Characteristics of the People:

Bottom Billion

• effects of neglected tropical diseases

- reduced child survival

- high costs of treatment

- reduced agricultural productivity

Characteristics of the People:

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• uncompetitive exporters of labour intensive goods and services

• private capital does not flow

• private wealth is held abroad

Issues of ‘Fragile States’:

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• health (especially maternal and child)

• agriculture

• education

• infrastructure

Investment in 4 key elements of poverty trap:

POPULATION UNDERNOURISHED