Unit 1 Nature of the Immune Response Part 5 Humoral Immune Response
B Lymphocytes The response of B lymphocytes to a foreign antigen, clonal selection and the release...
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Transcript of B Lymphocytes The response of B lymphocytes to a foreign antigen, clonal selection and the release...
![Page 1: B Lymphocytes The response of B lymphocytes to a foreign antigen, clonal selection and the release of monoclonal antibodies (the humoral response). Definition.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b4b7f8b9ab0599a56bd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
B LymphocytesThe response of B lymphocytes to a foreign antigen, clonal selection and the release of monoclonal antibodies (the humoral response).•• Definition of antibody.•• Antibody structure.•• The formation of an antigen-antibody complex, leading to the destruction of the antigen, limited to agglutination and phagocytosis of bacterial cells.•• The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.
MARK HW
![Page 2: B Lymphocytes The response of B lymphocytes to a foreign antigen, clonal selection and the release of monoclonal antibodies (the humoral response). Definition.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b4b7f8b9ab0599a56bd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Humoral Immunity
• Humoral means fluid.• Humoral immunity is the immune system in fluids
such as blood.• Antibodies are soluble in fluids so Humoral immunity
refers to antibodies and the action of B Lymphocytes to foreign invaders.
Learning OutcomesDescribe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen
Define antibody and explain its structure
•• The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.
![Page 3: B Lymphocytes The response of B lymphocytes to a foreign antigen, clonal selection and the release of monoclonal antibodies (the humoral response). Definition.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b4b7f8b9ab0599a56bd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Clonal Selection• B Lymphocytes respond to specific antigens in solutions.• Every B cell has a receptor that can detect a specific
antigen shape. Each B cell is different.1. If a B cell detects its specific antigen, it engulfs it (just
like APCs) and displays the antigen on its surface. 2.A Helper T cell will recognise this activated B cell and
bind to it, causing the B cell to start dividing rapidly. 3.All copies of he B cell made are specific to the antigen
that was detected. This is called clonal selection.4.The identical copies can then become Plasma B Cells
and produce antibodies specific to the antigen or become Memory B cells.
Learning OutcomesDescribe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen
Define antibody and explain its structure
•• The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.
![Page 4: B Lymphocytes The response of B lymphocytes to a foreign antigen, clonal selection and the release of monoclonal antibodies (the humoral response). Definition.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b4b7f8b9ab0599a56bd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Summary of B Cell ActionLearning OutcomesDescribe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen
Define antibody and explain its structure
•• The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.
![Page 5: B Lymphocytes The response of B lymphocytes to a foreign antigen, clonal selection and the release of monoclonal antibodies (the humoral response). Definition.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b4b7f8b9ab0599a56bd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Primary and Secondary Immune Response
Learning OutcomesDescribe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen
Define antibody and explain its structure
•• The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.
![Page 6: B Lymphocytes The response of B lymphocytes to a foreign antigen, clonal selection and the release of monoclonal antibodies (the humoral response). Definition.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b4b7f8b9ab0599a56bd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Antibodies and structureLearning OutcomesDescribe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen
Define antibody and explain its structure
•• The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.
![Page 7: B Lymphocytes The response of B lymphocytes to a foreign antigen, clonal selection and the release of monoclonal antibodies (the humoral response). Definition.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b4b7f8b9ab0599a56bd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How Antibodies lead to destruction of the antigen
• Antibodies don’t destroy the antigen/pathogen on their own, they simply make it easier for your phagocytes and Killer T cells to mop up them up.
• Bind to the pathogens antigens and cause them to agglutinate together
• Serve as markers that help phagocytes identify them more clearly.
Learning OutcomesDescribe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen
Define antibody and explain its structure
•• The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.
![Page 8: B Lymphocytes The response of B lymphocytes to a foreign antigen, clonal selection and the release of monoclonal antibodies (the humoral response). Definition.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b4b7f8b9ab0599a56bd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Monoclonal Antibodies
•Starter: Identify and Discuss the main features of •Phagocytosis•T cell mediated Immunity• B cell immunity
![Page 9: B Lymphocytes The response of B lymphocytes to a foreign antigen, clonal selection and the release of monoclonal antibodies (the humoral response). Definition.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b4b7f8b9ab0599a56bd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Monoclonal Antibodies• A pathogen may have more than one antigen on its
surface so more than one B cell can respond to it. • Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that are just
one type of antibody made from one type of B Cell.
Learning OutcomesDescribe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen
Define antibody and explain its structure
•• The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.
![Page 10: B Lymphocytes The response of B lymphocytes to a foreign antigen, clonal selection and the release of monoclonal antibodies (the humoral response). Definition.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b4b7f8b9ab0599a56bd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Producing Monoclonal AntibodiesLearning
OutcomesDescribe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen
Define antibody and explain its structure
•• The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.
![Page 11: B Lymphocytes The response of B lymphocytes to a foreign antigen, clonal selection and the release of monoclonal antibodies (the humoral response). Definition.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b4b7f8b9ab0599a56bd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies
• Using Monoclonal Antibodies as Drugs to treat diseases such as Infections and Cancers
• Medical Diagnosis
• Pregnancy Tests
Learning OutcomesDescribe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen
Define antibody and explain its structure
•• The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.
![Page 12: B Lymphocytes The response of B lymphocytes to a foreign antigen, clonal selection and the release of monoclonal antibodies (the humoral response). Definition.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b4b7f8b9ab0599a56bd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ethics of producing monoclonal Antibodies
• Use of Animals
• Success rate
• Safety testing
Learning OutcomesDescribe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen
Define antibody and explain its structure
•• The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.