B. Keith Dunnavant, P.E. Manager, Data Center Cooling ... global leader in energy efficient air...

Air-Side Economizer Cycles

Applied to the Rejection of

Data Center Heat B. Keith Dunnavant, P.E.

Manager, Data Center Cooling Solutions

Munters Corporation

● Founded in 1955

● Manufacturing & Sales Locations in 30 countries

● A Global leader in Air Treatment

• Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Systems

• Indirect & Direct Evaporative Cooling

• Mist Elimination Systems

• Desiccant & Mechanical Dehumidification

• Data Center Heat Rejection Systems

• VOC Abatement

Products

M Fan -

Supply Air

Plenum

(Cold-Aisle)

Server Racks

qITE

Direct Air-side Economizer

MERV 8 Pre-filter MERV 13 filter

O/A

R/A Relief

A global leader in energy efficient air treatment solutionswww.munters.us 800-843-5360 [email protected]

Barometric Pressure - 29.143 Inches HG

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART728 FEET

Weather Data Location:

CHARLOTTE_DOUGLAS_INTL_ARPT, NORTH_CAROLINA, USA

Weather Hours

11 to 1

22 to 12

33 to 23

44 to 34

55 to 45

66 to 56

77 to 67

88 to 78

99 to 89

Recommended

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

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0

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15

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25

30

35

40

45

Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com

15%

25%

2%

4%

6%

8% RELATIVE HUMIDITY


20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

-50

05

510

1015

1520

20 25

25 30

30 35

3540

40 45

45 50

5055

5560

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65

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70

70

75

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80 WET BU

LB TEMPER

ATURE - °F

80

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Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022 email: [email protected] Date: 4/25/2012











Too Humid

Too Dry

Too Hot

Just Right

41.9F dp

59F dp

80.6F db 64.4F db

1 2

1

2

DIRECT EVAPORATIVE

COOLING … A CONSTANT

WET BULB PROCESS

HUMIDIFIES AND COOLS

Use Direct Evaporative Cooling to Expand ASE Envelope

1. Cool Hot, Dry Air

2. Humidify in Winter





VANCOUVER, BRITISH_COLUMBIA, CANADA

Class A1

Recommended

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120


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6%



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30%

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50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

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1520

2025

25 30

3035

35 40

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45 50

50 55

5560

60

65

65

70

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75

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80

80

85 WET BULB TEM

PERATURE - °F

85

90

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85/74.3

Return Air

79.1/68.8

81.3/67.7

25/50%

Mix

S/A












Mix Cold Dry Outdoor Air

With Warm Return Air

Humidify with Direct Evaporative Media





SACRAMENTO_METROPOLITAN_AP, CALIFORNIA, USA

Weather Hours

27 to 1

54 to 28

81 to 55

108 to 82

135 to 109

162 to 136

189 to 163

216 to 190

243 to 217

Recommended

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110


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90%

-50

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15 20

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50 55

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65

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80 WET BU

LB TEMPER

ATURE - °F

80

85

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Cool Hot Dry Air

95F cools to 75F

Direct Evaporative Cooling

MERV 8 + MERV 13 Filters

Wet Bulb Economizer Requires:

• Modulating O/A

Dampers

• Pressure Controls

• Humidity Controls

• MERV 8 +13 Filters

Does Not:

• Reduce Cooling Load

At WB Design

Modulating Face & Bypass

Dampers

VFD Controlled

Relief Fans

(Pressure Control)

Cooling Coil

Direct Evaporative Cooling

Mixing

Box

Return Damper

O/A

R/A S/A

Supply

Fans

Direct Air-Side Economizer

• Takes advantage of cooler ambient conditions

• Outdoor air is delivered DIRECTLY into the data hall

• Requires Good Air Filtration

• Requires Relief fans or barometric relief

• Requires a good means of mixing O/A with R/A

• Requires a means of humidification for winter use

• Requires a means of accurately regulating the humidification

• Cannot be used during high ambient dew point conditions

95F

75F

Indirect Air Side Economizer Polymer Tube Heat Exchanger

Indirect Air-Side Economizer with

Polymer Tube Heat Exchanger

95F 75F

96.5F

3 Operating Modes 1) Winter – Dry HX

2) Summer – Wet HX (IEC)

3) Summer Extreme – IEC + DX

100F db / 70F wb

76.6F

Condenser Coil

Indirect Air-Side Economizer

• Uses an air-to-air heat exchanger to reject heat from the data

hall to a scavenger outdoor airstream

• Outdoor air IS NOT delivered DIRECTLY into the data hall

• Filtration may be eliminated from some units

• Room pressure is not impacted

• Room absolute humidity levels are not impacted

• CAN be used with great benefit during high ambient dew point

And wet bulb conditions





CHARLOTTE_DOUGLAS_INTL_ARPT, NORTH_CAROLINA, USA

Weather Hours

11 to 1

22 to 12

33 to 23

44 to 34

55 to 45

66 to 56

77 to 67

88 to 78

99 to 89

Recommended

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110


.001

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15%

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60%

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80%

90%

-50

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510

1015

1520

20 25

25 30

30 35

3540

40 45

45 50

5055

5560

60

65

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70

70

75

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80 WET BU

LB TEMPER

ATURE - °F

80

12.0

12.5

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13.5

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Too Humid

Too Dry

Too Hot

Just Right

41.9F dp

59F dp

80.6F db 64.4F db

Indirect Evaporative

Heat Exchanger Provides

80% of Total Cooling

Indirect Evaporative

Heat Exchanger Provides

100% of Total Cooling

Indirect Air-Side vs. Direct Air-Side Economizer

3 Primary Functions Required by the

Data-Center Air Management System

• Heat Rejection

• Particulate Removal (Filtration)

• Ventilate & Control Pressure & Humidity

Data Center Heat Rejection Total Air Management Design Schematic integrating IASE

Make-up Air & Humidity Control Module

Integrated with a Heat Rejection Unit

Polymer Tube HX module

Flexible Polymer Tubes

●8 feet length

●75-80% approach to outdoor

scavenger air wb

●50-55% dry heat recovery

Close-up of tube face and water-tight seal

Water distribution nozzle

Bottom of Heat Exchanger

Water Sprays on

Control/Electrical panels

Compressor vestibule

Aluminum mesh

Scavenger air filter

Supply air isolation damper

with walk on grating installed above

Benefits of IASE Cooling Systems

● Lowest life-cycle cost option for cooling data-centers in most climates

● Filters may be eliminated from 75% of the Cooling Units – resulting in reduced

maintenance and fan power

● Reduced risk from Outdoor Air Pollutants entering the data-center

● Dry heat exchange during cooler ambient conditions eliminates freeze concerns

● Recirculation air cooling does not impact space humidity.

● Reduced water consumption compared to data-centers cooled with conventional

water-side economizer systems

●Rapid Restart following Power Loss

●No relief fans or space pressure controls required

Predicted Annual Hrs Mech. Cooling Active 1437

% Annual Hrs IEC Rejects 100% of load 83.6%

Estimated system SEER 41.4

Percentage of cooling provided by Mechanical vs IEC

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

79.0

73.0

67.0

61.0

55.0

49.0

43.0

37.0

31.0

25.0

19.0

13.0 7.

01.

0

Ambient WB

Pe

rce

nta

ge

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Bin

Ho

urs

Mech. Cooling

IEC Cooling

Bin Hours

Performance of IASE operating in Newark, NJ

95F hot-aisle cooling to 75F Cold-aisle

Annual COP = 12.1 / PUEc = 1.08





ROANOKE_REGIONAL_AP, VIRGINIA, USA

Weather Hours

12 to 1

24 to 13

36 to 25

48 to 37

60 to 49

72 to 61

84 to 73

96 to 85

108 to 97

Class A1

Recommended

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110


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LB TEMPER

ATURE - °F

80

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IEC

DX

IEC Provides 80%

Of total cooling

When Ambient WB

Is < 75F

95F

75F

Rooftop View of Polymer Tube IASE Units

on Australian Data Center

Polymer Tube IASE Units

Operating in Wenatchee, WA

Units Seismic Certified to Ip=1.5

42,000 CFM

Operating in Alhambra, CA

IASE Designs using

Indirect Evaporative Cooling

Meet Current and Future Load Requirements

Now – 150kW with 20F dt

95F db / 80F wb

Outdoor air

DB (°F) WB (°F) ACFM

1 (R/A) 95.0 68.6 25,874

2 97.2 69.3 25,975

3 84.0 65.3 25,362

4 (S/A) 75.0 62.3 24,941

5 (O/A) 95.0 80.0 28,916

6 85.0 82.4 28,610

7 (E/A) 94.9 84.6 29,135

*Includes estimated supply fan heat

Elevation = 1,175 ft (Roanoke, VA

19.25 tons DX

COP = 4.7

DB (°F) WB (°F) ACFM

1 (R/A) 115.0 74.2 25,874

2 117.2 74.8 25,975

3 88.7 66.8 24,692

4 (S/A) 80.0 64.0 24,298

5 (O/A) 95.0 80.0 27,910

6 87.8 85.2 27,865

7 (E/A) 97.5 87.1 28,355

Future – 253kW with 35F dt

18 tons DX

COP = 7.9

25,000 CFM

Standard Rooftop Unit

(DX sized for extreme WB)

25,000 CFM


With MUA Humidity Control

25,000 CFM


with 100% DX

25,000 CFM

Standard Perimeter Mount Unit

Thank you!

Thank You

B. Keith Dunnavant, P.E. Manager, Data Center Cooling ... global leader in energy efficient air...

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Transcript of B. Keith Dunnavant, P.E. Manager, Data Center Cooling ... global leader in energy efficient air...