B IRDS, B EES, AND B UTTERFLIES. .
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Transcript of B IRDS, B EES, AND B UTTERFLIES. .
BEE
• Without bees, no pollination• No food
• According to the Department of Agriculture, bees pollinate over $15 billion worth of U.S. crops.• http://www.landscapeonline.com/research/
article/13094
COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER (CCD)
• Adult bees fly off to die• Causes include parasites, viruses, bacteria,
poor nutrition and pesticides
COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER (CCD)
The viruses compromise bees’ ability to manufacture proteins to fight off pathogens, to detoxify pesticides, etc.
COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER (CCD)
A U.S. District Judge from Manhattan has banned the sale of spirotetramat after January 15, 2010, a pesticide produced by Bayer CropScience. Citing allegations by environmental groups and commercial beekeepers that the pesticide is toxic and is killing off the nation's honeybee population.
According to Cote, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) did not follow proper procedure when approving spirotetramat. The EPA did not take public comment about the pesticide before approving it and the agency failed to publish both the Bayer application and the approval documents in the Federal Register. The EPA and Bayer CropScience have 60 days to appeal the decision.
COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER (CCD)
• Queen and a small number of survivor bees may be present in the brood nest• http://maarec.psu.edu/
ColonyCollapseDisorder.html
COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER (CCD)
• February 2007, many of the beekeepers reporting heavy losses associated with CCD • 50-90% of their colonies
• Surviving colonies not viable pollinating or honey producing
COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER (CCD)
• GMO crops, specifically Bt Corn • Genetically Modified Organism
• Symptoms not consistent with GMO• Not a “top” priority at the moment
COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER (CCD)
• Radiation transmitted by cell towers
• The distribution of both affected and non-affected CCD does not make this a likely cause
• Also cell phone service is not available in some areas where affected commercial apiaries are located • For this reason, it is
currently not a top priority.
NATIVE BEE HOMES
Simple nesting blocks mason bees and leaf-cutting
bees Multiple holes drilled into
blocks of wood several inches deep vary in diameter, from 2 mm to
7 mm. untreated lumber or dried logs
NATIVE BEE HOMES
Hollow tubes Sections of bamboo 12” long
Bees will plug the end of the tube with mud
BATS
With bats threatened by careless wind-turbine development in major flyways and, more pressingly, by the new and dreadful White Nose Syndrome
Some such bats worth $3 billion in agricultural insect control
BATS http://
content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2012/01/fungus-has-killed-up-to-67m-bats-in-potential-extinction/1
BUTTERFLIES
• Most adult butterflies live 10-20 days• Some live no longer than three or four days
• Monarchs may live six months