B iodiversity O bservation N etwork

GEO BON: Addressing the observation needs of the UN Strategic Plan for

Biodiversity 2011-2020

Biodiversity Observation

Network

Anne Larigauderie, ED DIVERSITAS

With: G Geller (NASA), M Walters (CSIR), M Walpole (UNEP-WCMC) & other SC-GEO BON Colleagues

• The policy context for biodiversity

• The GEO BON initiative

You are invited to Session B2 tomorrow 9:00

Outline

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

• 3 main goals

1- Conservation of biological diversity;

2- Sustainable use of its components; and

3- Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources

• Definition: "Biological diversity" means the variability among living organisms from all sources including

1- terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems

2- diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.


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Biodiversity within the MDGs

1- Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

2- Achieve universal primary education

3- Promote gender equality

4- Reduce child mortality

5- Improve maternal health

6- Combat HIV:AIDS, malaria & other diseases

7- Ensure environmental sustainability

Target 7B: CBD 2010 target (WSSD, 2002):

8- Develop a global partnership for development


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MDG Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability

• Target 7a: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes; reverse loss of environmental resources

• Target 7b: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss

• Target 7c: Reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

• Target 7d: Achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers, by 2020

NB: Crosscutting all other MDGs


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“To achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national level as a contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life on Earth”

• Adopted at CBD COP6 (2002)

• Endorsed by WSSD and UNGA (2002)

• Incorporated as a new target within MDG7 in 2002

The 2010 Biodiversity Target


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The information behind GBO-3:

• 110 National Reports

• Biodiversity Indicators Partnership

• Biodiversity Futures Study

• 500 scientific papers

• Open review process

Global Biodiversity Outlook-3 (CBD)

A synthesis and assessment of projections of 21st century changes in biodiversity and associated ecosystem services based on an analysis of a broad range of existing models, experiments and observations

Pereira H, Leadley P et al.Scenarios of global biodiversity in the 21st century. Science, 26 Oct 2010

Biodiversity Scenarios (GBO-3)

Trends shown by agreed indicators of progress towards the 2010 biodiversity target:

Trends shown by agreed indicators of progress towards the 2010 biodiversity target:

1)10 out of 15 indicators showed unfavorable trends for biodiversity

2) Pb with amount and coverage of data


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The 2010 Target:

« to achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss »

has not been met

CBD-COP10, Nagoya, Japan (Nov 2010)


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Post 2010: Lessons learned

The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020: 5 strategic goals …

AGREED AT COP-10, NAGOYA, OCTOBER 2010

A. Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society

B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use.

C. Improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity

D. Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services

E. Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building


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…and 20 targets for 2020 SG A-Underlying causes of biodiversity loss (mainstreaming bd)

• Target 1: by 2020, people are aware of the values of bd and the steps they can take to conserve and use it sustainably;

• Target 2: by 2020, biodiversity values have been integrated into national and local development and poverty reductions strategies …

• Target 3: by 2020, incentives harmful to biodiversity are eliminated …

SG D-Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity & ecosystem services

• Target 14: by 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services (including services related to water, health, livelihood and well-being) are restored and safeguarded


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Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-20: the way forward

For each one of the 20 Targets:

•1- Define indicator(s)

BIP: Biodiversity Indicator Partnership

•2- Catalyse collection of observations

GEO BON


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GEO BON & CBD

• Decision X/7 CBD-COP10 (Nagoya, 2010)Requests the Executive Secretary to invite GEO BON, (…) to prepare an evaluation of existing observation capabilities relevant to the targets contained in the Strategic Plan for the period 2010-2020.

• In response GEO BON produced:– Adequacy of biodiversity observation systems to support the

CBD 2020 targets

Dr Braulio Dias

• The policy context for biodiversity

• The GEO BON initiative

Outline

GEO BON: the SBA on biodiversity of GEOSS

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Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)

UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC)

ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB)

International Union of Conservation (IUCN)

NASA, JAXA, ERSDAC, ESA, IRSO, INPE…

BirdLife International

Census of Marine Life (CoML)

NatureServe

Wetlands International

World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)

Encyclopedia of Life (EOL)

Many Sources and Systems

South African Enviro

nmental Observatio

n Network (S

AEON)

Earthwatch

Conservation International (CI)

Centro de Referência em Informação Ambiental (CRIA)

National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON)

Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (MARBEF)The Nature Conservancy (TNC)Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)

Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)

World Resources Institute (WRI)

BIOTA Africa

United States Geological Survey

United States Fish and Wildlife Service

Smithsonian Institute (SI)

National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA)

But lack of coordination

Huge volumes of stored data…But access can be difficult

Inadequate tools


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A brief history• 2005: Establishment of GEOSS

– Biodiversity is one of 9 “Societal Benefit Areas”

• 2006 Oct: First International Workshop (Geneva, CH)

• Jan 2008: GEO BON Steering Committee formed (Geneva, CH)

• Apr 2008: 2nd International workshop (Potsdam, Germany)– Produce GEO BON concept document

• Feb 2010: 3rd International workshop (Asilomar, California, USA)

• GEO BON secretariat opens (CSIR, S-Africa)

• 22 May 2010: – Launch of GEO BON implementation plan (version 1.0)• Nov 2011: – Adequacy of biodiversity observation systems to support the CBD

2020 targets (CBD/SBSTTA15/INF/8)

Vision

An integrated global observing system that:

• gathers and shares information on biodiversity,

• provides tools for data integration and

analysis, and

• contributes to improving environmental management and human well-being.


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What does GEO BON do?

GEO BON adds value to the many on-going activities by:

• Providing a global, scientifically robust framework for observations on the detection of biodiversity change

• Coordinating some of the data gathering and the delivery of information

• Ensuring long term continuity of data supply (operational observations)

• Providing a set of innovative and relevant global products


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The GEO BON community of practiceGEO Plenary

And secretariat

GEO BON Steering committee

Ad-Hoc Working groups

Thematic BONs and Partner Organisations

National or regionalBONs

Gene-level data

Terrestrial species

Marine species

Ecosystems SBA Other SBAs

Taxon-specific Eg Birdlife

Scale-specific Eg ILTER

EBONEEurope

APBONAsia Pacific

J-BONJapan

Biodiversity indicator Partnership

Ecosystems

Architecture

GBIF

..and many others

…and others

These networkmembers are independent but linked and coordinated

Countries Organisations

For the CBD: Adequacy report (1)

Organized around the 20 targets for 2020 For each target

Key concepts Indicators (sources,

organizations, spatial and temporal coverage)

Gaps and data limitations

Adequacy assessment Estimated costs

Target 11 – Protected areas

25

Target 14 – Ecosystem services

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For the CBD: EBVs (2)• SBSTTA 15/2, para 6 :

(k) Invites GEO BON to continue its work on the identification of Essential Biodiversity Variables and the development of associated data sets as presented in CBD/SBSTTA/15/INF/8 and report to a future meeting of SBSTTA.


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Essential Biodiversity Variables

• A relatively small number of essential variables (16-18) are necessary to derive the CBD operational indicators (>100) for the 20 targets

• Each essential variable talks to multiple indicators and targets and many indicators and targets are informed by multiple essential variables

• Focus on primary measurements

IPBES Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity & Ecosystem Services


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GEO BON flagged as the observing system in charge of orchestrating the delivery of observations necessary to implement the IPBES programme of work


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Biodiversity science-policy landscape

Assessment (IPBES)

Policy (CBD)

Observations (GEO BON)

Research


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In conclusion: some challenges• Many positive developments re GEO BON

– Clear niche in science-policy interface– Recognition by & collaboration with key partners (CBD,

IPBES)– Strong agenda (Implementation plan, adequacy report,

EBVs)– Interest of many individuals and organisations

• But some major challenges– Lack of engagement/recognition at national level– Proper institutional arrangements (Sec/funding)


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THANK YOU!

[email protected]

• The Red List Index (RLI) for all these species groups is decreasing.

• Coral species are moving most rapidly towards greater extinction risk

• Amphibians are, on average, the group most threatened.

Source: IUCN

The Red List Index (IUCN) measures extinction risk

Projections of species extinctions

Photo: P. Leadley

Pereira, Leadley et al. 2010

Golden toad, Costa Rica, extinct since 1989

See Pounds et al. 2006 Nature

DISTRIBUTION of TIPPING POINTS (GBO-3)


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Some efforts to quantify

Target 5 By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved, and where feasible brought to zero…

Target 11 By 2020, at least 17% of terrestrial and inland water, and 10% of coastal and marine areas are conserved…

Target 12 – Prevented extinction of threatened species

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