B F Benifits

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Benefits of breastfeeding for the infant

Provides superior nutrition for

optimum growth.

Provides adequate water for

hydration.

Protects against infection and

allergies. Promotes bonding and

development.Transparency 2.1


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Summary of differences between milks

Humanmilk Animal milks Infant for mula

Proteincorrect amount, easy

to digest

too much, difficult to

digestpartly corrected

Fat enough essential fattyacids, lipase to digest lacks essential fattyacids, no lipase no lipase

Water enough extra needed may need extra

Anti-infectiveproperties

present absent absent

Ad a p t e d f r o m : Br e a s t f e e d i n g c o u n s e l li n g : A t r a in i n g c o u r s e . G e n e va , Wor ld Hea l th

O rg a n iz a t i o n , 1993 (WHO/CDR/93.6).Tr a n s p a r e n c y 2.2


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No water necessary

CountryTemperature

CRelative

Humidity %

Urineosmolarity(mOsm/l)

Argentina 20-39 60-80 105-199

India 27-42 10-60 66-1234

Jamaica 24-28 62-90 103-468

Peru 24-30 45-96 30-544

(Normal osmolarity: 50-1400 mOsm/l)

Adapted from:Breastfeeding and the use of water and teas. Geneva, World Health

Organization, 1997.Transparency 2.3


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Breast milk composition differences

(dynamic)

Gestational age at birth

(preterm and full term)

Stage of lactation

(colustrum and mature milk)

During a feed(foremilk and hindmilk)

Transparency 2.4


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Colostrum

Property

Antibody-rich

Many white cells Purgative

Growth factors

Vitamin-A rich

Importance

protects against infection andallergy

protects against infection clears meconium; helps prevent

jaundice

helps intestine mature; preventsallergy, intolerance

reduces severity of someinfection (such as measles anddiarrhoea); prevents vitaminA-related eye diseases

Transparency 2.5


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Breast milk in second year of life

31%38% 45%

95%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Energy rotein Vitamin Vitamin C

%

daily

needsprovided

by

500 ml

breast

milk

From:Breastfeeding counselling:A training course. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1993

(WHO/CDR/93.6).Transparency 2.6


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Protecti e effect of breastfeeding

on infant morbidity

Transparency 2.7


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Risk of diarrhoea by feeding method

for infants aged months, Philippines

..

.

7.

reast milk only reast milk &

non nutritious

liquids

reast milk &

nutritious

supplements

No breast milk

Adapted from: Popkin BM,Adair L,Akin JS, Black R, et al. Breastfeeding and diarrheal

morbidity. Pediatrics, 1990, 86(6): 874-882.Transparency 2.8


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Percentage of babies bottle fed and breastfed for

the first weeks that had diarrhoeal illness at

arious weeks of age during the first year, Scotland

ncidence of diarrhoeal illness by age in weeks

Percentwithd

iarrhoea

ottle fed reastfed

Adapted from:Howie PW, Forsyth JS, Ogston SA, ClarkA, Florey CV. Protective effect

of breastfeeding against infection. Br Med J, 1990, 300: 11-15.Transparency 2.9


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Percentage of infants months of age reported

as experiencing diarrhoea, by feeding category

in the preceding month in the U S.

5.44.8

6.4

8.5

11.4

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Breast mi

on y

100)

igh mixed

89-99)

Midd e

Mixed

58-88)

Lo mixed

1-57)

Form la

only 0)

Percent Diarrhea

Adapted from: Scariati PD, Grummer-Strawn LM, Fein SB.A longitudinal analysis of infant

morbidity and the extent of breastfeeding in the United States. Pediatrics, 1997, 99(6).

Transparency 2.10


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Percentage of babies bottle-fed and breastfed for the

first weeks that had respiratory illness at arious

weeks of age during the first year, Scotland

- 3 - -3 -Incidence of respiratory illness by age in weeks

Percentwithrespiratory

illnes

s

ottle-fed reastfed

Adapted from:Howie PW, Forsyth JS, Ogston SA, ClarkA, Florey CV. Protective effect of

breastfeeding against infection. Br Med J, 1990, 300: 11-15. Transparency 2.11


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Fre uency of acute otitis media in relation

to feeding pattern and age, Sweden

mont s

ercentwit

acuteotitis

m

edia

reastfed mi ed fed weaned

Adapted from:Aniansson G,Alm B,Andersson B, HakanssonA et al.A prospective coherent

study on breast-feeding and otitis media in Swedish infants. Pediat Infect Dis J, 1994, 13: 183-

188.Transparency 2.12


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Percentage of infants 2-7months of age reported

as experiencing ear infections, by feeding

category in the preceding month in the U.S.

. .

.

.

.2

2

2

Breast

mi on y

igh

mixed

-

idd e

mixed

-

Lo mixed

- 7

Form a

on y

Percent ar nfection

Adapted from: Scariati PD, Grummer-Strawn LM, Fein SB.A longitudinal analysis of infant

morbidity and the extent of breastfeeding in the United States. Pediatrics, 1997, 99(6).

Transparency 2.13


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Protecti e effect of breastfeeding

on infant mortality

Transparency 2.14


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Relati e risks of death from diarrhoeal disease

by age and breastfeeding category in Latin merica

iarrhoea - mo iarrhoea - mo

e cl si e

breastfeedingartial

breastfeeding

no breastfeeding

Adapted from:BetranAP, de Onis M, Lauer JA, Villar J. Ecological study of effect of

breast feeding on infant mortality in LatinAmerica. BMJ, 2001, 323: 1-5.

Transparency 2.15


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Relati e risks of death from acute respiratory

infections by age and breastfeeding category

in Latin merica

R mo mo

e clusi e

breastfeeding

partialbreastfeeding

no breastfeeding

Adapted from:BetranAP, de Onis M, Lauer JA, Villar J. Ecological study of effect of

breast feeding on infant mortality in LatinAmerica. BMJ, 2001, 323: 1-5.Transparency 2.16


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Breastfeeding reduces the risk of

chronic disease

Transparency 2.17


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Breastfeeding decreases the risk of allergic

disorders a prospecti e birth cohort study

Type of feeding sthma topic

dermatitis

llergic

rhinitis

Children exclusivelybreastfed 4 months or

more

7.7% 24% 6.5%

Children breastfed for

a shorter period

12% 27% 9%

Adapted from Kull I. et al. Breastfeeding and allergic diseases in infants - a prospective birth

cohort study. Archives of Disease in Childhood2002: 87:478-481.

Transparency 2.18


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Breastfeeding decreases the pre alence

of obesity in childhood at age fi e and six years,Germany

months breastfeeding

re

alence

months

months

months

months

Adapted from: von Kries R, Koletzko B, Sauerwald T et al. Breast feeding and obesity:

cross sectional study. BMJ, 1999, 319:147-150.

Transparency 2.19


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Breastfeeding has psychosocial

and de elopmental benefits

Transparency 2.20


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Intelligence uotient by type of feeding

BF2. points

higher than FF

Study in monthsto 2 year- olds

BF .3points

higher than FF

Study in 7. -

year-olds

2

BF2points

higher than FF

Study in 3-7

year-olds2

BM 7. pointshigher than no BM

Study in 7. -

year-olds

2

BF 2. pointshigher than FF

Study in .

year-olds

References:

Fergusson DM et al. SocSciMed 1982

Morrow-Tlucak M et al.

SocSciMed 1988Lucas A et al. Lancet 1992Riva Eet al. Acta Paediatr 1996

BF = breastfed

FF = formula fed

BM = breast milk

Transparency 2.21


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Duration of breastfeeding associated with

higherIQ scores in young adults, Denmark

Duration of breastfeeding in months

< months

monthsmonths

months

> months

Adapted from: Mortensen EL, Michaelsen KF, Sanders SA, Reinisch JM. The association

between duration of breastfeeding and adult intelligence. JAMA, 2002, 287: 2365-2371.

Transparency 2.22


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Benefits of breastfeeding for the mother

Protects mothers health

helps reduces risk of uterine bleeding and

helps the uterus to return to its previous size

reduces risk of breast and

ovarian cancer

Helps delay a new pregnancy

Helps a mother return to pre-pregnancy weight

Transparency 2.23


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0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Lifetime duration of breastfeeding(years)

Relativerisko

fbreastc

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Adapted from:Beral V et al. (Collaborative group on hormonal factors in breast cancer). Breast

cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological

studies in 30 countries Lancet2002; 360: 187-95.

Breast cancer and breastfeeding:

nalysis of data from 7 epidemiological studiesin 3 countries

Transparency 2.24


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Relationship between duration of breastfeeding

and postpartum amenorrhoea (in months)

Adapted from: Saadeh R, Benbouzid D. Breast-feeding and child spacing: importance of

information collection to public health policy. Bulletin of the WHO, 1990, 68(5) 625-631.

Transparency 2.25


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Risks of artificial feeding

Interferes with bonding

More diarrhoea and

respiratory infections

Persistent diarrhoea

Malnutrition

VitaminA deficiency

More likely to die

More allergy and

milk intolerance

Increased risk of somechronic diseases

Overweight

Lower scores on

intelligence tests

May become

pregnant sooner

Increased risk of anaemia,

ovarian and breast cancer

Mother

Adapted from:Breastfeeding counselling:A training course. Geneva, World

Health Organization, 1993 (WHO/CDR/93.6). Slide 2.26


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Benefits of breastfeeding for the family

Better health, nutrition, and well-being

Economic benefits

breastfeeding costs less than artificial

feeding

breastfeeding results in lower

medical care costs

Transparency 2.27


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Benefits of breastfeeding for the hospital

Warmer and calmer emotional

environment

No nurseries, more hospital space

Fewer neonatal infections

Less staff time needed

Improved hospital image and prestige Fewer abandoned children

Safer in emergenciesTransparency 2.28

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