Azizul bin Salehudin Nurulraini binti Mohd

Ramli

from Greek word, from Greek word, hysterikoshysterikos ddescribe as a state of escribe as a state of mindmind, one of , one of

uunmanageable nmanageable fearfear or  or emotionalemotional excesses excesses more frequently in more frequently in womenwomen than in men than in men prevalence of approximately prevalence of approximately 2-3% of the general 2-3% of the general

populationpopulation patient experiences physical symptoms that have patient experiences physical symptoms that have

a a psychologicalpsychological cause cause,, rather than organic cause rather than organic cause ppeople who are "hysterical" often lose self-control eople who are "hysterical" often lose self-control

due to the overwhelming feardue to the overwhelming fear it is however still it is however still medically unexplainedmedically unexplained aalso called lso called ‘somatoform disorder’‘somatoform disorder’

31st January 31st January – 200 students of boarding school in Dungun, Terengganu– 200 students of boarding school in Dungun, Terengganu 14th April 14th April – 15 students and a teacher of a secondary school in – 15 students and a teacher of a secondary school in

Seremban, Negeri SembilanSeremban, Negeri Sembilan 24th April 24th April – 13 students of a secondary school in Taiping, Perak– 13 students of a secondary school in Taiping, Perak 19th June 19th June – 30 students of a boarding school in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur– 30 students of a boarding school in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 17th July 17th July – 10 students of a secondary school in Nibong Tebal, Perak– 10 students of a secondary school in Nibong Tebal, Perak 24th July 24th July – 35 students of a secondary school in Kuantan, Pahang– 35 students of a secondary school in Kuantan, Pahang 4th August 4th August – 12 students of a motivation camp in Teluk Intan, Perak– 12 students of a motivation camp in Teluk Intan, Perak 7th August 7th August – A female student of a secondary school in Subang Jaya, – A female student of a secondary school in Subang Jaya,

SelangorSelangor 8th August 8th August – 15 students of a secondary school in Kuching, Sarawak– 15 students of a secondary school in Kuching, Sarawak 8th August 8th August – 11 students of a secondary school in Kuantan, Pahang– 11 students of a secondary school in Kuantan, Pahang 28th August 28th August – 8 students of a secondary school in Kuantan, Pahang– 8 students of a secondary school in Kuantan, Pahang

Hysteria divided into two types:Hysteria divided into two types:

1.1. Conversion Disorder Conversion Disorder

2.2. Dissociative HysteriaDissociative Hysteria

more common in more common in WesternWestern countries countries

Symptoms Symptoms :: body paralyzed, blind, deaf and dumb, although in body paralyzed, blind, deaf and dumb, although in

fact they don’t have these problemsfact they don’t have these problems include somatization disorder, chronic pain include somatization disorder, chronic pain

disorder, hypochondriasis, and body dysmorphic disorder, hypochondriasis, and body dysmorphic disorderdisorder

Common causes Common causes :: conflict and trauma fromconflict and trauma from past experience past experiences (s (rape, rape,

murder, fatal accidentmurder, fatal accident))

Conversion Conversion Disorder..Disorder..

Conversion Disorder..Conversion Disorder..

includes includes amnestic amnestic fugue states fugue states ((state of mind state of mind characterized by abandonment of personal characterized by abandonment of personal identityidentity, along , along with the with the memories,memories,  personalitypersonality and other identifying  and other identifying characteristics of individualitycharacteristics of individuality))

disturbancedisturbance or or alterationalteration in the normally integrative in the normally integrative functions of identity, memory, or consciousnessfunctions of identity, memory, or consciousness

common in in MalaysiaMalaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Thailand and , Brunei, Indonesia, Thailand and Zambia.Zambia.

in Malaysia, in 1980s many cases been reported but it in Malaysia, in 1980s many cases been reported but it began to decrease in 1990s. In began to decrease in 1990s. In 20082008, rapid increase of , rapid increase of cases.cases.

usually happen to usually happen to childrenchildren and and teenagersteenagers highest cases in highest cases in boarding schoolboarding school, factory, motivation , factory, motivation

camp, and orientation week in school, college and camp, and orientation week in school, college and universityuniversity

syndrome typically began with one girl and rapidly spread syndrome typically began with one girl and rapidly spread to other girls – to other girls – mass hysteriamass hysteria

for most subjects, for most subjects, symptoms resolved within one hoursymptoms resolved within one hour

Dissociative Hysteria..Dissociative Hysteria..

SymptomSymptoms..s..• rrapidly changing emotionsapidly changing emotions• anesthesia (lack of feeling)anesthesia (lack of feeling)• hallucinationhallucination• screaming/sscreaming/shoutinghouting• crying and ravingcrying and raving• abnormal strength and aggressive behaviorabnormal strength and aggressive behavior• sseizureseizures, l, lososss of self control of self control• partial loss in consciousness partial loss in consciousness • faintingfainting• amnesiaamnesia for entire episode for entire episode

caused by multiple events in one's past that caused by multiple events in one's past that involved some sort of severe conflictinvolved some sort of severe conflict

family historyfamily history excessive fear of excessive fear of ghost & superstitionghost & superstition extremextremee tiredness tiredness

factoryfactory–exhausted and lack of time to rest–exhausted and lack of time to rest uncontrolled pressure/ stresuncontrolled pressure/ stress:s:

schoolschool – near examination period, due to excessive – near examination period, due to excessive pressure and high expectation from family and pressure and high expectation from family and teachersteachers

boarding school boarding school – strict rules and difficulty to adapt – strict rules and difficulty to adapt with ruleswith rules

orientation week orientation week – difficult to adapt with new – difficult to adapt with new environment, packed schedules, exhausted and environment, packed schedules, exhausted and homesickhomesick

Common Causes..Common Causes..

patient interviewpatient interview modern techniques to assess the patient for modern techniques to assess the patient for

hysterical tendencies, such as the Minnesota hysterical tendencies, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) or the Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) or the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III)Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III)

Diagnosis.. Diagnosis..

keep hysteria patient away from other people – to avoid keep hysteria patient away from other people – to avoid mass hysteriamass hysteria

counselingcounseling session session continuous continuous supportsupport from people surround them from people surround them rregular appointments with a physician egular appointments with a physician  ppsychotherapy sychotherapy may be attempted to help the patient may be attempted to help the patient

gain gain confidenceconfidence into the cause of their into the cause of their conflict/conflict/distressdistress behavioral therapy behavioral therapy can help to avoid reenforcing can help to avoid reenforcing

symptomssymptoms therapy based on the therapy based on the patients’ belief/religionpatients’ belief/religion

Treatments..Treatments..

http://www.myhealth.gov.my/myhealth/bm/template.jsp?showMe=6&storyid=1220847518062

https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/1612/handle/1794/1612/Diss_8_3_2_OCR.pdf;jsessionid=2B8BB85BA6301AEEDiss_8_3_2_OCR.pdf;jsessionid=2B8BB85BA6301AEEA8383F51D9F54D21?sequence=1A8383F51D9F54D21?sequence=1

http://www.bharian.com.my/Current_News/BH/http://www.bharian.com.my/Current_News/BH/Sunday/Bmdua/20080907094245/Article/index_htmlSunday/Bmdua/20080907094245/Article/index_html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatoform_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatoform_disorder http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysteria http://www.bnet.com/http://www.bnet.com/

References..References..

IJOY & RAINI

08/09