Drugs gangs or the Mexican

State?

Two sides of the same coin

Some known facts

● The student Julio César Mondragón was murdered, he appeared scarified, their eyes were taken, a sign of the drug cartels

● 43 students kidnapped by local police● 28 cadavers in 11 clandestine caves

– Oficially they are not the “desappearing” students● Who they are?, they still are murdered, leaved in clandestine

caves, they are humans● victims of who?

Context

● The fake “war” against the drug cartels– The war is focused in the displacement of some cartels,

an arrangement of places and power– This triggered an increasing spiral of extreme violence

(Kaibiles and Maras were included)– The financial power of the drug cartels was not touched– Drug cartels control the goverment, the police, the

army, the magistrates, the media...● Aug 2014: 22,322 “desappeared”. 9,790 in the

current narco-government

Context

● The normality established is based on:– Total control and the use of the “legitime” and ilegitime

forces to support their criminal actions● The chief of the municipality José Luis Abarca was delivering

USD 22,000 monthly to the drug gang Guerreros Unidos– A frightened society, not informed, immobilized– Simulation of a “peaceful” society and the freedom

from punishment of their accomplices– Full and bloody repression to their opponents

Context

● Before the fake anti-narco war, the goverment has been applying the low intencity war– Counterinsurgency strategy from USA adapted to the

Mexican (and Latinamerican) context, particularly to confront the EZLN raising

– Forced dessapearing is a central element against people

● Easy, quiet, not expensive● Keep the society in a state of uncertainty, and spreads the

scare● Open the door to the raise of violence and crime

– The goverment claim the social peace when in fact promoting the civil war

Ayotzinapa

● Teaching School for the rural zone (Normal Rural). Named Raúl Isidro Burgos

● Created in 1920's for spreading the education (massification)

● Socialist programme, pedagogic and politic education

● They has been continuously deprived by the next goverments after Lázaro Cárdenas– Normalistas answer: autogestive action, self-

organization

Ayotzinapa

● The weight of the history, the famous students, teachers, social fighter and guerrilla leaders– Lucio Cabañas: during a meeting he was under attack

and raised a guerrilla named Partido de los pobres (The Poor's Party) and the Brigada de Ajusticiamiento (Execution Brigade)

– Genaro Vázquez: leader of the Guerrerense Civic Association, after National Revolutionary Civic Association

● Thousands of deads, villages distroyed including napalm attacks

Ayotzinapa

● Stigmatization of Ayotzi: a hotbed for guerrilla● The students has been murdered, desappeared

and injured without any consequence● 12 Dic 2013: 3 students murdered during a

domostration in a highway● Modus operandi of the government:

– Attempts to close their schools– Strong disdain, discredit campaign in media and

society– Criminalize the protest, bloddy repressive actions

43 of Ayotzinapa

● The students arrived to Iguala for taking buses, not to make any demonstration in this city

● The wife of the municipality governor Ma. de los Ángeles Pineda order the attack to the students

● They are attacked by the local police and they are delivered to the drug gang GU

● They are treated as a oppositor drug cartel, attacked with the same actions, the same cruelty

● Step by step the narco-government is behavioring as an omnipotent entity out/over the law, no matter wat it does, they only simulate the normality.

43 of Ayotzinapa

● Civil response● The other students inform quicly triggering solidarity

reaction all around Mexico and in other countries● The expansion of the protest reached an international

scope– ONU– CIDH– OEA

● What is next?

Some references

• http://www.proceso.com.mx/?p=385152• http://

www.eldiario.es/contrapoder/matanza_de_Ayotzinapa-narcopolitica-Mexico_6_317828226.html

• http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2011/12/15/opinion/029a1pol

• https://www.academia.edu/8706313/La_masacre_de_Ayotzinapa._Memoria_narcotr%C3%A1fico_y_estado

• http://www.m-x.com.mx/2014-11-01/estudiantes-convocan-a-un-paro-nacional-el-5-de-noviembre-por-los-normalistas-de-ayotzinapa/

• http://www.m-x.com.mx/2014-11-02/realizaran-marcha-de-iguala-a-la-ciudad-de-mexico-para-exigir-la-aparicion-con-vida-de-los-43-estudiantes/