Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer,...
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Transcript of Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer,...
![Page 1: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Axonometric Projection
Chapter 14
![Page 2: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Objectives
• Describe the differences between multiview projection, axonometric projection, oblique projection, and perspective
• Sketch examples of an isometric cube, a dimetric cube, and a trimetric cube
![Page 3: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Objectives (cont.)
• List the advantages of multiview projection, axonometric projection, oblique projection, and perspective
• Create an isometric drawing given a multiview drawing
• Use the isometric axes to locate drawing points
![Page 4: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Objectives (cont.)
• Draw inclined and oblique surfaces in isometric
• Draw angles, ellipses, and irregular curves in isometric
![Page 5: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Projection Methods
![Page 6: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Types of Axonometric Projection• Isometric – has equal foreshortening
along each of the three axis directions• Dimetric – has equal foreshortening
along two axis directions and a different amount on the third axis
• Trimetric – has different foreshortening along all three axis directions
![Page 7: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Types of Axonometric Projection
![Page 8: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Isometric Projection
• The projections of the edges of a cube in isometric projection make angles of 120 degrees with each other
![Page 9: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Isometric Projection
• Lines of an isometric drawing that are not parallel to the isometric axes are called nonisometric lines• These lines are not
equally foreshortened
![Page 10: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Isometric Projection
• Isometric scales can be used to draw correct isometric projections• All distances are approximately 80%
of true size
![Page 11: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Isometric Drawings
• Isometric drawings, unlike isometric projections, are drawn using the full length measurements of the actual drawing and lacks foreshortening• The isometric drawing is about 25%
larger than the isometric projection
![Page 12: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Making an Isometric Drawing
![Page 13: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Isometric Drawings of Inclined Surfaces
![Page 14: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Hidden Lines and Centerlines• Hidden lines are omitted unless
they are needed to make the drawing clear
• Center lines are shown if they are needed to indicate symmetry or if they are needed for dimensioning
![Page 15: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Angles in Isometric
• Angles project true size only when the plane containing the angle is parallel to the plane of projection
• An angle may project to appear larger or smaller than the true angle depending on its position
![Page 16: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Irregular Objects
![Page 17: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Irregular Objects
![Page 18: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Curves in Isometric
![Page 19: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Ellipses in Isometric
• If a circle lies in a plane that is not parallel to the plane of projection, the circle projects as an ellipse
• Ellipses can be constructed using offset measurements
![Page 20: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Ellipses in Isometric
• Approximate ellipses can be constructed from arcs
![Page 21: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Drawing Isometric Cylinders
![Page 22: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Screw Threads in Isometric
• Parallel partial ellipses equally spaced at the symbolic thread pitch can be used to represent screw threads
![Page 23: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Arcs in Isometric
![Page 24: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Intersections
![Page 25: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Spheres in Isometric
![Page 26: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Isometric Sectioning
• Isometric sectioning is useful in drawing open or irregularly shaped objects
![Page 27: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Isometric Dimensioning
• Isometric dimensions are similar to dimensions on multiview drawings but should match the pictorial style
![Page 28: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Exploded Assemblies
![Page 29: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Piping Diagrams
![Page 30: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Dimetric Projection
• A dimetric projection is an axonometric projection of an object where two of its axes make equal angles with the plane of projection and the third axis makes either a smaller or a greater angle
![Page 31: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Dimetric Projection
![Page 32: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Trimetric Projection
• Trimetric projection is an axonometric projection where no two axes make equal angles with the plane of projection
• Each of the axes have different ratios of foreshortening
![Page 33: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Ellipses in Trimetric
![Page 34: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Axonometric Projections Using Intersections• Before computer automated
drafting, a method was devised to create axonometric projections using projections from orthographic views
![Page 35: Axonometric Projection Chapter 14. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart © 2009 Pearson Education,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3e0f6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart
© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
All Rights Reserved.
Axonometric Projections Using Intersections