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    AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004 - PARTS A, B, & C -SECTION 6. INSPECTION pg.201

    Part C

    Acceptance Criteria

    6.7 ScopeAcceptance criteria for visual and NDT inspection of tubular connections and statically and cyclically loadednontubular connections are described in Part C. The extent of examination and the acceptance criteria shall bespecified in the contract documents on information furnished to the bidder.

    6.8 Engineers Approval for Alternate Acceptance CriteriaThe fundamental premise of the code is to provide general stipulations applicable to most situations.Acceptance criteria for production welds different from those described in the code may be used for aparticular application provided they are suitably documented by the proposer and approved by the Engineer.These alternate acceptance criteria may be based upon evaluation of suitability for service using pastexperience, experimental evidence or engineering analysis considering material type, service load effects, andenvironmental factors.

    6.9 Visual InspectionAll welds shall be visually inspected and shall be acceptable if the criteria of Table 6.1 are satisfied.

    6.10 PT and MTWelds that are subject to MT and PT, in addition to visual inspection, shall be evaluated on the basis of theapplicable requirements for visual inspection. The testing shall be performed in conformance with 6.14.4 or6.14.5, whichever is applicable.

    PARTE CCRITERIOS DE ACEPTACION

    6.7 Alcance

    Los criterios de aprobacin para visual y inspeccin de NDT de conexiones tubulares yestticamente y en ciclos cargados a conexiones no tubulares son descritas en la Parte C.El Tipo de examen y la aprobacin los criterios debern ser especificados en los

    documentos de contrato sobre la informacin suministrada al postor.

    6.8 La Aprobacin del Ingeniero para los Criterios de aprobacin alternativosLa premisa fundamental de este Cdigo es proveer condiciones generales aplicables a la

    mayora de las situaciones. La Aprobacin de Criterios para soldaduras de produccin

    diferentes de los descritos en este Cdigo puede ser usado en aplicaciones especiales,suministrar adecuadamente los documentados por el Proponente (Contratista) y aprobados

    por el Ingeniero. La aceptacin de estos criterios sern alternados podran estar basados en

    la evaluacin de la conveniencia para el servicio utilizando la experiencia pasada, elanlisis experimental o de ingeniera deber considerar el tipo de material, los efectos de

    carga del servicio, y los factores ambientales.

    6.9 Inspeccin VisualTodas las soldaduras sern inspeccionadas visualmente y debern ser aceptables si los

    criterios del Tabla 6.1 son satisfechos.

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    6.10 PT y MTSoldaduras que estn sujetos a MT y PT, adems de Inspeccin Visual, debern evaluarse

    en base a los requerimientos aplicables para la Inspeccin Visual. Las pruebas debern ser

    llevadas a cabo en conformidad con 6.14.4 o 6.14.5, cualquiera sea aplicable.

    6.11 NDTExcept as provided for in 6.18, all NDT methods including equipment requirements and qualifications,personnel qualifications, and operating methods shall be in conformance with Section 6, Inspection.Acceptance criteria shall be as described in this section. Welds subject to NDT shall have been foundacceptable by visual inspection in conformance with 6.9.For welds subject to NDT in conformance with 6.10, 6.11, 6.12.3, and 6.13.3, the testing may beginimmediately after the completed welds have cooled to ambient temperature. Acceptance criteria for ASTM A514 A 517, and A 709 Grade 100 and 100W steels shall be based on NDT performed not less than 48 hoursafter completion of the welds.

    6.11.1 Tubular Connection Requirements. For CJP groove butt welds welded from one side without

    backing, the entire length of all completed tubular production welds shall be examined by either RT or UT.The acceptance criteria shall conform to 6.12.3 or 6.13.3 as applicable.

    6.11 NDTExcepto lo suministrado por el 6.18, todos mtodos de NDT incluyendo requisitos deequipo y las calificaciones, personal calificado, y los mtodos operativos debern estar deconformidad con la Seccin 6, Inspeccin. Los criterios de aprobacin debern estardescritos en esta seccin. Las soldaduras sujetas a NDT habrn sido encontradas aceptables

    por la inspeccin visual de conformidad con 6.9.

    Para soldaduras sujetas a NDT de conformidad con 6.10, 6.11, 6.12.3, y 6.13.3, el hacerpruebas podra comenzar apenas las soldaduras sean completadas y se hayan enfriado a la

    temperatura ambiente. Los criterios de aprobacin para los aceros ASTM A514, A517, yA 709 grado 100W debern estar basados en NDT efectuado no menor a las 48 horasdespus de terminadas las soldaduras.

    6.11.1 Requisitos de Conexiones Tubulares. Para CJP los canales en soldaduras a Topesoldar de un lado con respaldo, la longitud total de todas soldaduras de produccin

    tubulares completadas debern ser examinadas revisadas por RT o UT. Los criterios deaprobacin se ajustarn a 6.12.3 o 6.13.3 tan aplicable.

    AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004 PART E, SECTION 6. INSPECTION, PG.205

    6.18 Supplementary RT Requirements for Tubular Connections

    6.18 Requisitos de RT adicionales para conexiones tubularesAWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004, PRTAS A, B &C, SECTION 6. INSPECTION6.10 PT and MTAWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004, PART C, SECTION 6. INSPECTION, PG.203

    6.12.3 Acceptance Criteria for Tubular Connections- RT

    6.12.3 Criterios de Aprobacin para Conexiones Tubulares - RTSECTION 6. INSPECTION, PARTS C &D, AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004, PG.204

    6.13.3 Acceptance Criteria for Tubular Connections.Acceptance criteria for UT shall be as provided in contract documents.6.13.3Criterios de Aprobacin para Conexiones Tubulares.

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    La aprobacin como la que los criterios para UT sern estipulados en los documentos de contrato.

    SECTION 6/ INSPECTION - AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004 pg. 218

    Table 6.1Visual Inspection Acceptance Criteria (see 6.9)

    Discontinuity Category and Inspection Criteria

    Statically

    LoadedNontubularConnections

    Cyclically

    LoadedNontubularConnections

    Tubular

    Connections(All Loads)

    (1) Crack ProhibitionAny crack shall be unacceptable, regardless of size or location.

    X X X

    (2) Weld/Base-Metal FusionThorough fusion shall exist between adjacent layers of weld metal and betweenweld metal and base metal.

    X X X

    (3) Crater Cross Section

    All craters shall be filled to provide the specified weld size, except for the ends ofintermittent fillet welds outside of their effective length. X X X

    (4) Weld ProfilesWeld profiles shall be in conformance with 5.24.

    X X X

    (5) Time of Inspection

    Visual inspection of welds in all steels may begin immediately after thecompleted welds have cooled to ambient temperature. Acceptance criteria forASTM A 514, A 517, and A 709 Grade 100 and 100 W steels shall be based onvisual inspection performed not less than 48 hours after completion of the weld.

    X X X

    (6) Undersized WeldsThe size of a fillet weld in any continuous weld may be less than the specifiednominal size (L) without correction by the following amounts (U):

    L, U,Specified nominal weld size, in. [mm] Allowable decrease from L, in. [mm]

    3/16 (5) 1/16 (2) (6) 3/32 (2.5)

    5/16 (8) 1/8 (3)In all cases, the undersize portion of the weld shall not exceed 10% of the weldlength. On web-to-flange welds on girders, under run shall be prohibited at theends for a length equal to twice the width of the flange.

    X X X

    (7) Undercut(A) For material less than 1 in. [25 mm] thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/32 in.[1 mm], with the following exception: undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in. [2 mm]for any accumulated length up to 2 in. [50 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm]. Formaterial equal to or greater than 1 in. thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in. [2mm] for any length of weld.

    X

    (B) In primary members, undercut shall be no more than 0.01 in. [0.25 mm] deepwhen the weld is transverse to tensile stress under any design loading condition.Undercut shall be no more than 1/32 in. [1 mm] deep for all other cases. X X

    8) Porosity(A) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computedtensile stress shall have no visible piping porosity. For all other groove welds andfor fillet welds, the sum of the visible piping porosity 1/32 in. [1 mm] or greaterin diameter shall not exceed 3/8 in. [10 mm] in any linear inch of weld and shallnot exceed 3/4 in. [20 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm] length of weld.

    X

    (B) The frequency of piping porosity in fillet welds shall not exceed one in each 4in. [100 mm] of weld length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in.[2.5 mm]. Exception: for fillet welds connecting stiffeners to web, the sum of thediameters of piping porosity shall not exceed 3/8 in. [10 mm] in any linear inchof weld and shall not exceed 3/4 in. [20 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm] length ofweld.

    X X

    (C) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computedtensile stress shall have no piping porosity. For all other groove welds, thefrequency of piping porosity shall not exceed one in 4 in. [100 mm] of length andthe maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in. [2.5 mm].

    X X

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    General Note: An X indicates applicability for the connection type; a shaded area indicates non-applicability.

    Tabla 6.1Los criterios de Aceptacin en Inspeccin Visual (ver 6.9)

    Categora de Discontinuidades y Criterios de Inspeccin

    Estticamente

    Carga

    No-tubularConexiones

    En ciclos

    Carga

    No-tubularConexiones

    Tubular

    Conexiones

    (Todas lasCargas)

    (1) Prohibicin de RajadurasCualquier rajadura ser inaceptable, sin considerar el tamao o la

    ubicacin.

    X X X

    (2) Soldadura/BaseEn la fusin del metalUna fusin minuciosa deber existir entre las capas adyacentes de

    metal de soldadura y entre metal de soldadura y metal base.X X X

    (3) Seccin de CrterTodos crteres debern llenarse de acuerdo al tamao de soldadura

    especificado, menos los finales de Soldaduras de filete

    intermitentes fuera de su longitud.

    X X X

    (4) Perfiles de Soldadura

    Los Perfiles de Soldadura debern estar en conformidad con 5.24.

    X X X

    (5) Tiempo de la InspeccinLa inspeccin visual de soldaduras en todos los aceros puede

    empezar inmediatamente despus de completadas las soldaduras y

    haberse enfriado a la temperatura ambiental. Los criterios de

    aprobacin para aceros ASTM A 514, A 517, y A 709 grado 100 y

    100W debern basarse en la inspeccin visual efectuado no menor

    a las 48 horas despus de terminadas las soldaduras.

    X X X

    (6) Soldaduras CncavasEl tamao de una soldadura de filete en cualquier soldadura

    ininterrumpida no puede ser menor del tamao especificado (L)

    sin la correccin de las siguientes cantidades (U):

    L, U,

    Tamao de Soldadura Especificacin DisminucinPermisible de L,

    Nominal, pulgadas [mm] pulgadas [mm]

    3/16 (5) 1/16 (2)

    (6) 3/32 (2.5)

    5/16 (8) 1/8

    (3)

    En todos los casos, las concavidades en la soldadura no debern

    exceder al 10 % de la longitud de la soldadura. Sobre la costura a

    los bordes (pestaas) soldados sobre vigas, la concavidad deber

    ser prohibida en el final para una longitud igual a dos veces el

    ancho del borde (pestaa).

    X X X

    (7) Socavado

    (A) Para materiales menores de 1 [25 mm] de espesor, lasocavadura no deber exceder de 1/32. [1 mm], co n las siguientes

    excepciones: la socavadura no deber exceder a 1/16 [2 mm] para

    ninguna longitud acumulada sobre 2 [50 mm] en 12 [300 mm].

    Para un material igual o superior a 1 de espesor, la socavadura no

    deber exceder a 1/16 [2 mm] para cualquier longitud de

    soldadura.

    X

    (B) En Secciones principales, la socavadura no deber ser mayor

    que 0.01 [0.25 mm] de hondo cuando la soldadura es transversal a

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    la resistencia a la tensin bajo cualquier condicin de carga de

    diseo. La socavadura no deber ser mayor a 1/32[1 mm] de

    hondo para todos los casos.

    XX

    (8) Porosidad(A) En canales de soldaduras de CJP en juntas a tope transversales

    a la direccin de la resistencia a la tensin no tendrn porosidad

    tubular visible. Para todas otras soldaduras de canal y para

    soldaduras de filete, la suma visible de porosidad tubular en 1/32

    [1 mm] o de mayor dimetro no deber exceder a 3/8 [10 mm] en

    ninguna de longitud de soldadura y no deber exceder a [20

    mm] en 12 [300 mm] de longitud de soldadura.

    X

    (B)La cantidad de porosidad tubular en soldaduras de filete no

    deber exceder a uno en cada 4 [100 mm] a lo largo de la

    soldadura y el dimetro mximo no deber exceder a 3/32 [2.5

    mm]. Excepcin: para soldaduras en filete conectadas a varillas en

    la costura (membrana), la suma de los dimetros de la porosidad

    tubular no deber exceder a 3/8 [10 mm] en ninguna longitud de

    pulgada lineal de soldadura y no deber exceder a [20 mm] en

    12 [300 mm] de longitud de soldadura.

    X X

    (C) En canales de soldaduras de CJP en juntas a tope transversales

    a la direccin de la resistencia a la tensin no tendrn porosidadtubular. Para otras soldaduras de canal, la cantidad de porosidad

    tubular no exceder en uno en 4 [100 mm] de longitud y el

    dimetro mximo no exceder 3/32 [2.5 mm].

    X X

    Nota general: una "X" demuestra la aplicabilidad para el tipo de conexin; un rea sombreada no indica

    aplicacin.

    SECTION 6. INSPECTION, PARTS C&D, AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004, PG. 204

    6.14.4 MT. When MT is used, the procedure and technique shall be in conformance with ASTM E 709, andthe standard of acceptance shall be in conformance with Section 6, Part C, of this code, whichever isapplicable.

    6.14.4 MT. Cuando el MT sea usado, el procedimiento y la tcnica sern de conformidadcon el ASTM E 709, y la norma de aprobacin ser de conformidad con la Seccin 6,Parte C, de esta clave, cualesquiera sea aplicable.

    6.14.5 PT. For detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface, PT may be used. The standard methodsset forth in ASTM E 165 shall be used for PT inspection, and the standards of acceptance shall be inconformance with Section 6, Part C, of this code, whichever is applicable.

    6.14.5 PT. Para detectar las discontinuidades que estn expuestas a la superficie, PT puedeser usado. Los Mtodos de la a Norma fijan en ASTM E 165 como deber ser usada lainspeccin por PT, y los criterios de aprobacin sern de conformidad con la Seccin 6,

    Parte C, de este cdigo, para lo que sea aplicable.

    SECTION 5/FABRICATION - AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004 pg. 190

    5.24 Weld ProfilesAll welds, except as otherwise allowed below, shall be free from cracks, overlaps, and the unacceptableprofile discontinuities exhibited in Figure 5.4.

    5.24.1 Fillet Welds. The faces of fillet welds may be slightly convex, flat, or slightly concave as shown inFigure 5.4. Figure 5.4(C) shows typically unacceptable fillet weld profiles.

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    5.24.2 Intermittent Fillet Welds. Except for undercut, as allowed by the code, the profile requirements ofFigure 5.4 shall not apply to the ends of intermittent fillet welds outside their effective length.

    5.24.3 Convexity. Except at outside welds in corner joints, the convexity C of a weld or individual surfacebead shall not exceed the values given in Figure 5.4.

    5.24.4 Groove or Butt Welds. Groove welds shall be made with minimum face reinforcement unlessotherwise specified. In the case of butt and corner joints, face reinforcement shall not exceed 1/8 in. [3 mm] inheight. All welds shall have a gradual transition to the plane of the base-metal surfaces with transition areasfree from undercut except as allowed by this code. Figure 5.4(D) shows typically acceptable groove weldprofiles in butt joints. Figure 5.4(E) shows typically unacceptable weld profiles for groove weld butt joints.

    5.24.4.1 Flush Surfaces. Butt welds required to be flush shall be finished so as to not reduce the thicknessesof the thinner base metal or weld metal by more than 1/32 in. [1 mm], or 5% of the material thickness,whichever is less. Remaining reinforcement shall not exceed 1/32 in. [1 mm] in height. However, allreinforcement shall be removed where the weld forms part of a faying or contact surface. All reinforcementshall blend smoothly into the plate surfaces with transition areas free from undercut.

    5.24.4.2 Finish Methods and Values. Chipping and gouging may be used provided these are followed by

    grinding. Where surface finishing is required, roughness values (see ASME B46.1) shall not exceed 250microinches [6.3 micrometers]. Surfaces finished to values of over 125 microinches [3.2 micrometers]through 250 microinches [6.3 micrometers] shall be finished parallel to the direction of primary stress.Surfaces finished to values of 125 microinches [3.2 micrometers] or less may be finished in any direction.

    5.24 Perfiles de SoldaduraTodas las soldaduras, excepto que por dems admitidas abajo, debern estar libres de

    grietas, sobremontas, y los perfiles inaceptables de las discontinuidades mostradas en Fig.

    5.4.

    5.24.1 Soldadura de Filete. Las caras de soldaduras de filete podran ser ligeramente

    convexas, planas, o ligeramente cncavo como se muestra en la Figura 5.4. La Figura 5.4(C) una muestra tpicamente inaceptable de perfiles de soldadura en filete.

    5.24.2 Soldaduras en Filete Intermitentes. Excepto para socavaduras, como las admitidaspor el cdigo, los requerimientos del perfil de la Figura 5.4 no debern aplicar a los finalesde soldaduras de filete intermitentes fuera de su longitud eficaz.

    5.24.3 Convexidad. Excepto en soldaduras exteriores en juntas de esquina, la convexidadC de una soldadura o un cordn de superficie individual no deber superar los valores

    dados en Figure 5.4.

    5.24.4 Soldaduras a Tope o de Canal. Las soldaduras de canal (surco) debern ser hechascon un refuerzo de cara mnimo menor que por lo dems especificada. En el caso de juntas

    a tope o esquina, el refuerzo de cara no deber exceder a 1/8. [3 mm] en altura. Todas lassoldaduras debern tener una transicin gradual al plano en la superficie del metal base

    surge con reas de transicin libres de socavaduras excepto como las admitidas por este

    cdigo. La Figure 5.4 (D) indica perfiles de soldadura tpicamente aceptables en juntas decanal y a tope. La Figura 5.4 (E) indica perfiles (muestras) de soldadura tpicamenteinaceptables para juntas de canal y a tope.

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    5.24.4.1 Superficies Llanas Niveladas. Las soldaduras a tope que requiera estar niveladadebern estar terminadas para no reducir el espesor de la capa del metal base o el metal de

    soldadura por ms de 1/32 [1 mm], 5 % del espesor del material, cualquiera sea menor.

    El refuerzo faltante no deber sobrepasar 1/32 [1 mm] en altura. Sin embargo, todo

    refuerzo deber ser retirado donde la soldadura constituye parte de un empalme o superficiede contacto. Todo el refuerzo deber mezclarse fcilmente (suavemente) en la superficie de

    la placa con las reas de transicin libres de socavaduras.

    5.24.4.2 Mtodos al Final y Valores. Fragmentos pueden ser aceptados siempre que stossean amolados. Donde el acabado de superficie es requerido, valores de aspereza (verASME B46.1) no exceder de 250 micropulgadas [6.3 micrmetros]. Las superficiesterminaran con valores de ms de 125 micropulgadas [3.2 micrmetros] a travs de 250

    micropulgadas [6.3 micrmetros] debern terminar paralela a la direccin de la tensin

    principal. Las superficies terminaran con valores de 125 micropulgadas [3.2 micrmetros] menor que podran estar terminados en cualquier direccin.

    SECTION 5/FABRICATION - AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004 pg. 198

    Figure 5.4Acceptable and Unacceptable Weld Profiles (see 5.24)Figura 5.4Perfiles de Soldadura Aceptables e Inaceptables (ver 5.24)

    (A) Perfiles de Soldadura en Filete Deseables (B) Perfiles de Soldadura en Filete Aceptables

    Nota 1: Convexo, C, de una soldadura o un cordn superficial individual con dimensin W, no deber exceder

    a los valores de la siguiente tabla:

    ANCHO DE CARA DE SOLDADURA O

    CORDON INDIVIDUAL DE SUPERFICIE, W COVEXIDAD MAX, C

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    W 5/16 (8mm) 1/16 (2mm)

    W > 5/16 (8mm) a W < 1 (25mm) 1/8 (3mm)

    W 1 (25mm) 3/16 (5mm)

    Soldadura de Convexidad Socavado Sobretraslape Soldadura de Fusin

    Tamao bajo Excesiva Excesivo Tamao Bajo Incompleta

    (C) PERFILES INACEPTABLES EN SOLDADURA DE FILETE

    JUNTA A TOPE JUNTA A TOPE (TRANSICION) -PLACA DE IGUAL ESPESOR PLACAS DE DIFERENTE ESPESOR

    Nota 2, El Refuerzo R no deber exceder a 1/8 (3mm) (Ver 5.24.4)

    (D) PERFILES ACEPTABLES DE CANALES DE SOLDADURA EN JUNTAS A TOPE

    EXCESIVA SOLDADURA LLENADO BAJO SOCAVADURA SOBRETRASLAPE

    DE REFUERZO EXCESIVA

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    (E) PERFILES INACEPTABLES DE CANALES DE SOLDADURA EN JUNTAS A TOPE

    AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004, pg. 261

    8. Strengthening and Repairing Existing Structures

    8.1 GeneralStrengthening or repairing an existing structure shall consist of modifications to meet design requirementsspecified by the Engineer. The Engineer shall prepare a comprehensive plan for the work. Such plans shallinclude, but are not limited to, design, workmanship, inspection and documentation. Except as modified inthis section, all provisions of this code shall apply equally to the strengthening and repairing of existingstructures, including heat straightening of distorted members.

    8. Fortaleciendo (Reforzando) y Reparando Estructuras Existentes

    8.1 GeneralReforzar o reparar una estructura existente deber consistir de las modificaciones paracubrir requisitos de diseo especificados por el ingeniero. El ingeniero deber preparar un

    plan exhaustivo para el trabajo. Tales planes debern incluirse, pero no ser limitado al

    hacerlo a diseo, mano de obra, inspeccin y documentacin. Excepto las modificacionesen esta seccin, todas las previsiones de este cdigo debern ser aplicables equitativamente

    al reforzar y reparar las estructuras existentes, incluyendo calor para enderezando de

    miembros distorsionados.

    AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004, pg. 262

    8.6 Quality8.6.1 Visual Inspection. All members and welds affected by the work shall be visually inspected inconformance with the Engineers comprehensive plan.8.6.2 NDT. The method, extent, and acceptance criteria of NDT shall be specified in the contract documents.

    8.6 Calidad8.6.1 Inspeccin Visual. Todos miembros y soldaduras afectadas por el trabajo serninspeccionados visualmente de conformidad con el plan exhaustivo del ingeniero.

    8.6.2 NDT. El mtodo, la extensin, y criterios de aprobacin de NDT debern serespecificados en los documentos de contrato.

    AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004, pg. 451

    C6. InspectionC6.1 Scope

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    This section of the code has been the subject of extensive revisions, which appeared for the first time in the1980 code. The revisions are designed to clarify the separate responsibilities of theContractor/fabricator/erector, as opposed to the Owner/Engineer, etc.

    The revisions clarify the basic premise of contractual obligations when providing product and services. Thosewho submit competitive bids or otherwise enter into a contract to provide materials and workmanship forstructural weldments in conformance with the provisions of the code assume an obligation to furnish theproducts as specified in the contract documents and are fully responsible for product quality.

    In this section, the termfabrication/erection inspection is separated from verification inspection. In theoriginal draft of this section, these separate functions were designated as quality control and quality assurance,respectively. These terms were replaced with the broader terms now contained in the code to avoid confusionwith the usage in some industries (e.g., nuclear). Quality assurance means specific tasks and documentationprocedures to some users of the code. It was advantageous to use more general terms that place greateremphasis on timely inspection. The Contractor shall be solely responsible for the ordering of materials, andassembly and welding of the structural weldments. Inspection by the Owner shall be planned and timely if itis to improve the quality of the construction

    C6. INSPECCINC6.1 AlcanceEsta seccin de la clave ha sido el tema de las revisiones extensivas, que apareci for the first time in el 1980cdigo. Las ediciones corregidas son diseadas aclarar las responsabilidades distintas del contratista /fabricator / erector, tan en contra del propietario / ingeniero, etctera.

    Las ediciones corregidas aclaran la premisa bsica de las obligaciones contractuales when suministranproducto y servicios. sosQuien presenta los intentos competitivos o entra en un contrato de suministrar que materiales y calidad paraweldments estructurales de conformidad con las previsiones de la clave asumen una obligacin parasuministrar los productos como especificar en los documentos de contrato y son completamente responsablede la calidad de producto por lo dems.

    En esta seccin, la inspeccin de fabricacin / ereccin de perodo es separada de la inspeccin deverificacin. En el bosquejo original de esta seccin, estas funciones distintas fueron designadas como el

    control de calidad y la garanta de la calidad, respectively. Estos trminos fueron reemplazados con lostrminos ms amplios ahora contenidos en la clave evitar la confusin con el uso en algunas industrias (porejemplo., Nuclear). La garanta de la calidad significa las tareas especficas y los procedimientos dedocumentacin a algunos usuarios de la clave. Era ventajoso usar trminos ms generales que ponen el nfasisms grande sobre la inspeccin en el momento oportuno. El contratista ser nicamente responsable delpedido de materiales, y asamblea y soldar de los weldments estructurales. La inspeccin por el propietarioser planned y en el momento oportuno si es mejorar la calidad de la construccin

    C6. INSPECCION

    C6.1.1 Information Furnished to Bidders. It is essential that the Contractor know in advance which weldsare subject to NDTs and which testing procedures will be used. Unless otherwise provided in the contractdocuments, the quality criteria for acceptance of welds are stated in Section 6, Part C. It is not necessary towrite in the contract documents exactly which weld or what portions of specific welds will be examined by a

    specific test method. A general description of weld test requirements may be specified (e.g., 10% of thelength of all fillet welds shall be inspected by MT, or All CJP butt joint welds in tension flanges of girdersshall be radiographed).

    If the location of tension flange butt joint welds is not obvious, their location should be designated on theplans.

    When spot checking is specified (e.g., 10% of all fillet welds), it should not be taken to imply that theContractor be notified prior to welding which specific welds or portion of welds shall be tested. It is a basic

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    premise of the specifications that if random tests or spot tests are made, there should be a sufficient number ofrandom tests to give a reliable indication of weld quality.

    There are different acceptance criteria for statically loaded structures, cyclically loaded structures, and tubularstructures. The basic difference in acceptance criteria for each of these structures is based upon the differencebetween static, and fatigue loading.

    When fatigue crack growth is anticipated, acceptable initial weld discontinuity sizes shall of necessity besmaller. All criteria are established in an attempt to preclude weld failure during the anticipated service life ofthe weldment.

    C6.1.2 Inspection and Contract Stipulations. This subsection describes the responsibility of the Contractorfor fabrication/erection inspection and testing, which is basically the quality control responsibility describedin other contract documents. The Owner has the right, but generally not the responsibility, to provideindependent inspection to verify that the product meets specified requirements. This quality assurancefunction may be done independently by the Owner or their representative or, when provided in the contract,verification inspection may be waived or it may be stipulated that the Contractor shall perform both theinspection and the verification. When this is done, quality control and quality assurance remain separatefunctions. Verification inspection should be performed independently by personnel whose primaryresponsibility is quality assurance and not production.

    C6.1.3 Definition of Inspector Categories. This subsection describes the difference between the Inspectorrepresenting the Owner and the Inspector representing the Contractor.

    C6.1.5 Inspector Responsibility. This subsection requires that the Inspector verify that all fabrication anderection by welding is performed in conformance with the requirements of the contract documents. Thisincludes not only welding but also materials, assembly, preheating, NDT, and all other requirements of thecode and provisions of the contract documents.

    C6.1.6 Items to be Furnished to the Inspector. Inspectors need a complete set of approved drawings toenable them to properly do their work. They need be furnished only the portion of the contract documentsdescribing the requirements of products that they will inspect. Much of the contract documents deal withmatters that are not the responsibility of the Inspector; these portions need not be furnished.

    C6.1.7 Inspector Notification. If the Inspectors are not notified in advance of the start of operations, theycannot properly perform the functions required of them by the code.

    C6.2 Inspection of Materials

    This code provision is all-encompassing. It requires inspection of materials and review of materialscertification and mill test reports. It is important that this work be done in a timely manner so thatunacceptable materials are not incorporated in the work.

    C6.3 Inspection of WPS Qualification and Equipment

    The requirements of 6.3.1 and 6.3.2, including any qualification testing required by Section 4, should becompleted before any welding is begun on any weldments required by the contract documents. Qualificationshould always be done before work is started, but all qualification does not have to be completed before anywork can be started.

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    C6.4 Inspection of Welder, Welding Operator, and Tack WelderQualifications

    C6.6.4 Specified NDT Other than Visual. When NDT is specified in the information furnished to bidders,the Contractor shall take necessary steps to ensure that the NDT acceptance criteria prescribed by the code aremet. When NDT other than visual inspection is not specified, the Owner shall be responsible for all associatedcosts of testing and surface preparation plus the repair of discontinuities not reasonably expected to bediscovered during visual inspection. Since there is a limit to the defects that might reasonably be expected tobe found in welds, welds that contain defects which are considered beyond reasonable weld quality standardsand which appear to result from gross nonconformance to this code shall be repaired or replaced at theContractors expense in conformance with 5.26.1

    C6.4 Inspeccin de Soldador, Operador de Soldadura, y Soldador deReparacin - Requisitos

    C6.6.4 Especificar el NDT otro que el visual. Cuando NDT sea especificado en lainformacin suministrada a postores, el contratista tomar los pasos necesarios de asegurar

    que los criterios de aprobacin de los NDT prescritos por este Cdigo sean cubiertos.Cuando NDT aparte de la inspeccin visual no sea especificado, el propietario ser

    responsable de todos gastos asociados de la prueba y ms los preparativos de las superficiesde las discontinuidades a reparar no razonablemente esperadas ser descubiertas durante la

    inspeccin visual. Debido a que hay un lmite razonable a los defectos que pueden ser

    esperados a ser encontrados en las soldaduras, las soldaduras que contienen defectos que

    son considerados ms all de soldadura razonables a los patrones de calidad y que pareceresultar no conforme a este cdigo debern ser reparados o reemplazadas a costo del

    contratista de conformidad con 5.26.1

    AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004 SECTION 5. FABRICATION, PG.191

    5.26 Repairs

    The removal of weld metal or portions of the base metal may be done by machining, grinding, chipping, orgouging. It shall be done in such a manner that the adjacent weld metal or base metal is not nicked or gouged.Oxygen gouging shall not be used in quenched and tempered steel. Unacceptable portions of the weld shall beremoved without substantial removal of the base metal. The surfaces shall be cleaned thoroughly beforewelding. Weld metal shall be deposited to compensate for any deficiency in size.

    5.26.1 Contractor Options. The Contractor has the option of either repairing an unacceptable weld orremoving and replacing the entire weld, except as modified by 5.26.3. The repaired or replaced weld shall beretested by the method originally used, and the same technique and quality acceptance criteria shall beapplied. If the Contractor elects to repair the weld, it shall be corrected as follows:

    5.26.1.1 Overlap, Excessive Convexity, or Excessive Reinforcement. Excessive weld metal shall beremoved.

    5.26.1.2 Excessive Concavity of Weld or Crater, Undersize Welds, Undercutting. The surfaces shall beprepared (see 5.30) and additional weld metal deposited.

    5.26.1.3 Incomplete Fusion, Excessive Weld Porosity, or Slag Inclusions. Unacceptable portions shall beremoved (see 5.26) and rewelded.

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    5.26.1.4 Cracks in Weld or Base Metal. The extent of the crack shall be ascertained by use of acid etching,MT, PT, or other equally positive means; the crack and sound metal 2 in. [50 mm] beyond each end of thecrack shall be removed, and rewelded.

    5.26 REPARACIONES

    El retiro de soldadura que metal o porcin del metal base pueden ser hecho por maquinado,amolado, cincelado o excavado. Ser hecha de tal manera que el metal de soldadura

    adyacente o metal base no es cortado o excavado.La excavacin por oxgeno no ser usada en aceros apagados y templados. Las partes

    inaceptables de la soldadura sern removidas sin un retiro sustancial del metal base. Las

    superficies sern limpiadas totalmente antes de soldar. El metal de soldadura serdepositado para compensar para cualquier deficiencia en el tamao.

    5.26.1 Opciones del Contratista. El contratista tampoco tiene la alternativa de reparar unasoldadura inaceptable o retirar y reemplazar la soldadura entera, excepto como lamodificada por 5.26.3. La reparacin reemplazo de la soldadura debern ser vueltas aexaminar por el mtodo originalmente usado, y la misma tcnica y los criterios de

    aprobacin de calidad sern aplicados. Si el contratista elige reparar la soldadura, ser

    removida de la siguiente manera:

    5.26.1.1 Sobremontas, Convexidad Excesiva, o Refuerzo Excesivo. El Metal desoldadura excesivo deber ser retirado.

    5.26.1.2 Excesiva Concavidad de la Soldadura Crter, Soldaduras Bajomedidadas,Socavaduras. Las superficies debern ser preparadas (ver 5.30) y depositando el adicionalde soldadura.

    5.26.1.3 Fusin Incompleta, Excesiva Porosidad en la Soldadura, o Inclusiones de

    Escoria Excesivas. Las partes inaceptables debern ser removidas (ver 5.26) y resoldadas.

    5.26.1.4 Rajaduras en la Soldadura o Metal Base. La extensin de la rajadura serdeterminada por el uso del grabado al cido, MT, PT, u otros igualmente seguros; la

    rajadura y a 2 [50 mm] del metal sano. Ms all de cada final de la rajadura, sernretirados, y resoldados.

    5.26.3 Engineers Approval. Prior approval of the Engineer shall be obtained for repairs to base metal (otherthan those required by 5.15), repair of major or delayed cracks, repairs to ESW and EGW with internaldefects, or for a revised design to compensate for deficiencies. The Engineer shall be notified before weldedmembers are cut apart.

    5.26.3 La aprobacin del Ingeniero. Previa aprobacin del ingeniero deber ser obtenidapara efectuarse las reparaciones del metal base (aparte de los requeridos por 5.15), lareparacin de las rajaduras mas importantes o retrasadas, reparaciones por ESW y a EGW

    con defectos internos, o para una revisin del diseo para compensar las deficiencias. Elingeniero ser notificado antes de que los miembros soldados sean cortados.

    SECTION 5. FABRICATION AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004, PG.184

    5.15 Preparation of Base Metal

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    Surfaces on which weld metal is to be deposited shall be smooth, uniform, and free from fins, tears, cracks,and other discontinuities which would adversely affect the quality or strength of the weld. Surfaces to bewelded, and surfaces adjacent to a weld, shall also be free from loose or thick scale, slag, rust, moisture,grease, and other foreign material that would prevent proper welding or produce objectionable fumes. Millscale that can withstand vigorous wire brushing, a thin rust-inhibitive coating, or antispatter compound mayremain with the following exception: for girders in cyclically loaded structures, all mill scale shall be removedfrom the surfaces on which flange-to-web welds are to be made.

    5.15 Preparacin del Metal BaseSuperficies sobre los cuales el metal de soldadura a ser depositado sern suaves, uniformes,y libres escamas, desgarros, rajaduras, y otras discontinuidades que puedan afectar lacalidad o la resistencia de la soldadura adyacente. Las superficies a ser soldadas, y

    superficies adyacentes a una soldadura, estarn tambin libres de escamas o costras gruesaso flojas, escorias, xidos, humedad, grasa, y cualquier otro material extrao antes de soldar

    o producir emanaciones inadmisibles. La escala de molino que puede soportar cable

    vigoroso que cepillara los dientes, un color ladrillo escaso - capa de inhibitive, ocompuesto de antispatter podran quedar con the following excepcin: para vigas en las

    estructuras en ciclos intencionadas, toda escala de molino ser retirada de las superficies

    sobre qu - de pestaa para - son para ser hecha las soldaduras de Web.