awesome facts

2014

about the

human body

system

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This book is about the human body. It was made by Division 6 at Strathcona Elementary. We made it by looking at books and our group leaders from Writers’ Exchange were helping us. The book that we made is a colouring book and you can read it. You can put it on your bookshelf or put it on the fridge. You can read it out loud and read it to yourself.

Introduction

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3 ··· Brain • A.S.

4 ··· Brain • J.L.

5 ··· Brain • N.H.

6 ··· Brain • R.Z.

7 ··· Sleep • K.M.

8 ··· Eyeball • C.F.

9 ··· Ears • J.N.

10 ··· Mouth • E.M.

11 ··· Teeth • S.H.

12 ··· Heart • A.L.

13 ··· Heart • M.D.

14 ··· Heart • R.L.

15 ··· Blood Cells • L.H.

16 ··· Blood Cells • R.W.

17 ··· Lungs • A.S.

18 ··· Lungs • K.L.Y.

19 ··· Lungs • F.C.

20 ··· Muscles • X.A.

21 ··· Digestive System • K.L.

22 ··· Bladder • J.T.

23 ··· Male Reproductive Organs • P.L.S.

24 ··· Word Puzzle

Contents

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3

Brain – By A.S.

Occipital lobes (left and right) handle what you see and how you understand it.

Parietal lobes (left and right) receive and understand stuff from all your senses.

The sensory cortex (spanning both cerebral hemispheres) is the home of your “kidunculus” touch map and processes information from your sense of touch.

The motor cortex is the home of your movement “kidunculus” and tells your muscles when to move.

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4

Brain – By J.L.

An adult brain is about the size of a very large grapefruit.

People faint if their brain cells don’t get enough oxygen.

When you were born, your brain weighed 1 pound (0.4 kilogram). In elementary school, it weighed 2 pounds (0.9 kilogram). As an adult, your brain will weigh 3 pounds (1.4 kilogram).

The left side of the brain is good at working with words and numbers, while the right side is good at creative tasks, such as music and art.

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5

Brain – By N.H.

An adult’s brain weighs about 3 pounds (1.3 kilograms). It is about the size of a really big grapefruit.

Your cerebrum is the biggest part of your brain.

The cortex has deep wrinkles. The wrinkles help the cortex take up less space. It’s like crumpling a big sheet of paper into a tiny ball to make the paper smaller.

Your brain has three main parts. The three parts are called the brain stem, cerebellum and cerebrum.

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6

Brain – By R.Z.

Neurons are the only cells in the body that do not reproduce.

Everything we think and feel is the result of electrical flows and chemical reactions.

The brain is in charge of your memory to help you remember words and numbers.

The brain is in charge of problem-solving. It helps you figure out solutions and find out answers.

The brain is also in charge of reasoning. That means it helps you understand.

Our brain is much larger than a chimpanzee brain.

The brain sends messages to your body by using paths called nerves.

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7

Sleep – By K.M.

During sleep, the nerve cells of the brain are still doing stuff.

Several sets of muscles do things on their own during REM sleep. REM means Rapid Eye Movement sleep, and it’s a cycle.

Dolphins sleep with only one side of the brain at a time. The other side stays alert, receiving information from the eyes and other senses. And one side makes the dolphin swim or float.

Many body parts have a lesser blood supply during sleep and more when awake.

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8

Eyeball – By C.F.

A flash of light makes you blink. Blinking protects your eyes from bright light.

Juggling needs good hand-and-eye coordination. Coordination means your hand and eye have to work together.

Your brain, eyes and muscles work together to aim a ball.

Your eyeball helps you see if something is dangerous or not.

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9

Ears – By J.N.

Each ear has three sections: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear.

The three parts of the ear help you keep balance.

When something is loud, it’s called insensitivity. Sound is measured in decibels. We cannot hear less than zero decibels.

It is important to take care of our ears because without ears, you cannot hear.

The middle ear is separated from the inner ear by the eardrum.

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10

Mouth – By E.M.

Your mouth can taste different tastes with your tongue, like sweet, sour, salty and bitter.

Saliva helps to make your food slippery so you can swallow it easily.

Bacteria, there’s more than 10 billion of them in your mouth. It’s bad because you get bad breath.

The tongue has 16 muscles.

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11

Teeth – By S.H.

Your teeth are the strongest part of your body. They’re even stronger than your bones.

You use your teeth to cut, tear and chew your food into smaller pieces.

By the age of six, most children have 20 baby teeth. These fall out and 32 adult teeth grow.

Enamel is so hard, it takes a diamond drill to cut through it.

We all have a hidden wisdom tooth.

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12

Heart – A.L.

In the aorta, we carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs toward the rest of the body.

Oxygen levels are high in here, which is good fuel for the body’s cells. Oxygen react with other chemicals to give us energy.

The valves make sure blood flows only one way through the heart. Once they’ve closed, there’s no way back.

The SA node’s job is to make sure the heart beats regularly. It sends electrical pulses through the atrial walls to make them contract.

When a child sits still, the heart beats about 85 times a minute. My heart beats about 72 times a minute.

When you run, your heart beats faster, which gets more oxygen to your muscles.

Heart strings are tiny cords that stop the valves from turning inside out when they close.

Your heart is protected by your ribcage. Your heart is slightly to the left in your chest.

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13

Heart – By M.D.

An adult’s heart weighs only about ten ounces. That weighs a little bit more than an orange weighs.

Your heart is about the size of your fist.

Your heart beats about 70 to 80 times a minute or more.

Your heart beats fast when you run, and when you are asleep, it beats slowly.

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14

Heart – By R.L.

The heart is as big as your fist.

The heart is inside the chest and is protected by the ribcage.

The heart is a very strong muscle that pumps blood around the body. It beats automatically and regularly.

The heartbeat is controlled by a special patch of muscles call the pacemaker.

The heart is surrounded by a thin layer of tissue called the pericardium. There is a narrow space between the pericardium and the heart.

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15

Blood Cells – By L.H.

Red cells carry food and oxygen to and from organs in your body.

White blood cells fight infections.

If you fall and cut yourself, your blood gets sticky and then it stops bleeding.

Blood can travel up to 10 miles per hour.

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16

Blood Cells

– By R.W.

One drop of blood contains 250 million red blood cells!

Red blood cells deliver oxygen around the body.

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17

Lungs – By A.S.

An adult doing normal activities takes between 12 to 20 breaths a minute. That adds up to more than 20,000 breaths in a day!

When you breathe in, air travels through several parts of the respiratory system. It passes through the trachea, which branches into two bronchial tubes. Each tube leads to one of the lungs.

Oxygen-filled blood from the heart and lungs is pumped into a large blood vessel. These large blood vessels branch into smaller vessels throughout the body.

Most humans can hold their breath for only 1 to 2 minutes. Bottlenose whales can hold their breath for 2 hours or longer.

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18

Lungs – By K.L.Y.

Your lungs are two fleshy, stretchy sacks filled with tiny air tubes. If you could lay out the air tubes in your lungs end to end, they would stretch 1490 miles (2400 kilometers).

Exercise is very good for your lungs and heart. Running, swimming, jumping rope, cycling and all kinds of sports are great for exercise.

When you notice your breathing and feel your heart thumping, you will know your lungs and heart are working.

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19

Lungs – By F.C.

If you could lay out the air tubes in your lungs end to end, they would stretch 1490 miles.

They are like sponges full of millions of tiny, bubble-like sponges.

A flap of tissue folds down over the top of the windpipe so food doesn’t go into your lungs.

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20

Muscles – By X.A.

Muscles are made up of thousands of fibers grouped in bundles.

Muscles are controlled by the brain.

The smallest muscles are in the eyes and ears.

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21

Digestive System

– By K.L.

It takes about four hours for food to be digested.

Inside of your stomach, the food starts to get watery or it starts to bubble in the inside of the small intestine.

The remains of your food spend up to two days in the large intestines.

Several hours after eating a meal, the food has travelled through the grinding gate of the mouth, down the tube of the esophagus and through the squeezing stomach.

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22

Bladder – By J.T.

A bladder is like a bag organ that holds pee.

The bladder is a muscle.

The highly stretchy bladder wall contains layers of smooth muscle.

When the bladder is empty, the smooth muscles stay relaxed.

A bladder can hold 0.3 to 0.5 pints of pee.

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23

Male Reproductive Organs

– By P.L.S.

A boy’s testicles are his sperm tanks. They start working usually between age 10 and 18.

The sperm pipes join the pipe that takes waste water from the bladder. Sperm and waste go out through the same pipe. A tiny gate shuts off the waste water while sperm go through.

Testicles make lots of sperm each day. They store it until the machinery is ready to work.

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24

G A T A N T N N O C N N H O E U O S O IC H O N S A N A E E G S T E O S B S S IU O T L E S S A S S S E R A O N T H O IU B H V H T A B R E N V R G U E N N S OG U O R R O E E M M N U N S T I I I G OH I P U A R S M M O A N H C B S E U L MP T S S E E S M C L I O T T M S R S I NH M E B O O Y R S S A N A L S H O I U SA A T O N G U E O B B T A E A T E N I TS V U N T R O E N B N D L S O I G S H ES E R E V I L T O I E U T P S E A C A AS I M S S O A Y S S T S B M A G A E E SG R E E S O P H A G U S O D T M E E O SO D A L L V N T R L I G E O O I O E A SU O E C R I H H L E A N Y T D O D N B HE T U S I L T E B E C O S R N O L E S SS N E U P T E E B S S E M A T I L B P TI A O M S E M E H S L I T E B C A G A EH R N R E E E L N E E S I H O M N R H ET O S R I S H O H S S I C N O O O N B T

heart brain blood eye bonesstomach ear nose tongue liverintestine muscles esophagus

Word PuzzleFind the following words:

• heart • stomach • intestine • brain • ear

• muscles • blood • nose • esophagus

• eye • tongue • bones • liver

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