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SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Life Expectancy Following table shows life expectancy at birth (in years) in selected countries. (Source: Human Development Report, 1999)

Country Life Expectancy Japan 80.0

Norway 79.0 Iceland 79.0

Switzerland 78.6 Sweden 78.5

Hong Kong 78.5 Australia 78.2

Italy 78.2 France 78.1 Greece 78.1

Hungary 70.9 Lithuania 69.9

China 69.8 Thailand 68.8

Kyrgyzstan 67.6 Uzbekistan 67.5

Brazil 66.8 Mongolia 65.8

India 62.6 Iraq 62.4

Myanmar 60.1 Comoros 58.8

Madagascar 57.5 Lesotho 56.0

South Africa 54.7 Central African Republic 44.9

Ethiopia 43.3 Burundi 42.4 Rwanda 40.5

All Developing Countries 64.4 Least Developing Country 51.7 Industrialized Countries 77.7

World 66.7

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Vitamins, Minerals and their Sources

Vitamin Food Sources Vitamin A Meat, dairy products Beta Carotene Green leafy vegetables; yellow and orange fruit and vegetables

(carrot, papaya, pumpkin) B1 Cereal Vegetables B2 Meat, beans, peanuts, leafy greens B3 Cereals B6 Meat, pulses, wheat B12 Liver, meat, eggs Folic Acid Fermented foods containing yeast

(bread, idly, etc); fruit; leafy vegetables Pantothenic acid Liver, yeast, egg yolk, milk, soya Biotin Egg, peanuts, cheese, chicken Vitamin C Citrus fruit, potatoes, green vegetables Vitamin D Sunlight Vitamin E Almonds, vegetable oils, cereals, leafy greens Minerals Good Sources Calcium Dairy products, bony fish, leafy greens Phosphorus Supplied by normal eating Iodine Iodized salt Magnesium Fruits, vegetables, pulses and whole grains Zinc Seeds, e.g. til (sesame) Potassium Cereals, pulses and legumes, leafy greens Copper, Selenium and Chromium

Most people get these enough from their diet

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

First in India (Men)

S.No. Field Person 1 The first President of Indian Republic Dr. Rajendra Prasad 2 The first Prime Minister of free India Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru 3 The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress Badruddin Tayyabji 4 The first Indian to win Nobel Prize Rabindranath Tagore 5 The first President of Indian National Congress W. C. Banerjee 6 The first Muslim President of India Dr. Zakir Hussain 7 The first British Governor General of India Lord William Bentinck 8 The first British Viceroy of India Lord Canning 9 The first Governor General of free India Lord Mountbatten

10 The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of free India

C. Rajgopalachari

11 The first man who introduced printing press in India James Hicky 12 The first Indian to join the I.C.S. Satyendra Nath Tagore 13 India's first man in space Rakesh Sharma 14 The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without

completing the full term Morarji Desai

15 The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India General Cariappa 16 The first Chief of the Army Staff Gen. Maharaj Rajendra

Singhji 17 The first Indian member of the Viceroy's executive council S. P. Sinha 18 The first President of India who died while in office Dr. Zakir Hussain 19 The first Field Marshal of India S.H.F. Manekshaw 20 The first Indian to get Nobel prize in Physics C.V. Raman 21 The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award Dr. Radhakrishnan 22 The first Indian to cross English channel Mihir Sen 23 The first person to receive Jnanpith award Sri Shankar Kurup 24 The first Speaker of the Lok Sabha Ganesh Vasudeva

Mavalankar 25 The first Vice-President of India Dr. Radhakrishnan 26 The first Education Minister Abul Kalam Azad 27 The first Home Minister of India Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel 28 The first Indian Air Chief Marshal S. Mukherjee 29 The first Indian Naval Chief Vice Admiral R. D. Katari 30 The first judge of International Court of Justice Dr. Nagendra Singh 31 The first person to receive Paramveer Chakra Major Somnath Sharma 32 The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen Sherpa Anga Dorjee 33 The first Chief Election Commissioner Sukumar Sen 34 The first person to receive Magsaysay Award Acharya Vinoba Bhave

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

35 The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in Medicine

Hargovind Khurana

36 The first Chinese traveller to visit India Fahein 37 The first person to receive Stalin Prize Saifuddin Kitchlu 38 The first person to resign from the central cabinet Shyama Prasad

Mukherjee 39 The first foreigner to receive Bharat Ratna Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan 40 The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics Amartya Sen 41 The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court Justice Hiralal J. Kania

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

First in India Women

S.No. Field Person 1 The first woman Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi 2 The First Woman President Mrs. Pratibha Patil 3 The first woman judge in Supreme Court Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi 4 The first woman Ambassador Miss C.B. Muthamma 5 The first woman Governor of a State in free India Mrs. Sarojini Naidu 6 The first woman to climb Mount Everest Bachhendri Pal 7 The first woman to climb Mount Everest twice Santosh Yadav 8 The first woman President of the Indian National

Congress Mrs. Annie Besant

9 The first woman chief justice of a High Court Mrs. Leela Seth 10 The first woman pilot in Indian Air Force Harita Kaur Dayal 11 The first woman President of the United Nations

General Assembly Mrs. Vijaya Laxmi Pandit

12 The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian State Mrs. Sucheta Kripalani 13 The first woman chairman of Union Public Service

Commission Roze Millian Bethew

14 The first woman Director General of Police (DGP) Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya

15 The first woman Lieutenent General Puneeta Arora 16 The first woman Air Vice Marshal P. Bandopadhyaya 17 The first woman chairperson of Indian Airlines Sushma Chawla 18 The first woman I.P.S. Officer Mrs. Kiran Bedi 19 The first and the last Muslim woman ruler of Delhi Razia Sultan 20 The first woman to receive Ashoka Chakra Nirja Bhanot 21 The first woman to cross English Channel Aarti Saha 22 The first woman to receive Nobel Prize Mother Teresa 23 The first woman to receive Bharat Ratna Mrs. Indira Gandhi 24 The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award Ashapurna Devi

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Important Sites in India

S No Place City/State 1 Ajanta Aurangabad (Maharashtra) 2 Akbar's Tomb Sikandara (Uttar Pradesh) 3 Amarnath Cave Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir) 4 Amber Palace Jaipur (Rajasthan) 5 Anand Bhavan Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh) 6 Bhakra Dam Punjab (Punjab) 7 Birla Planetarium Kolkata (West Bengal) 8 Black Pagoda Konark (Orissa)

10 Brihadeeswara Temple Tanjore (Tamil Nadu) 11 Brindavan Gardens Mysore (Karnataka) 12 Buland Darwaza Fatepur Sikri (Uttar Pradesh) 13 Charminar Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) 14 Chenna Kesava Temple Belur (Karnataka) 15 Chilka Lake Near Bhubaneswar(Orissa) 16 Dal Lake Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir) 17 Dilwara Temples Mt. Abu (Rajasthan) 18 Elephanta Caves Mumbai (Maharashtra) 19 Golden Temple Amirtsar (Punjab) 20 Gol Gumbaz Bijapur (Andhra Pradesh) 21 Hanging Gardens Mumbai (Maharashtra) 22 Hawa Mahal (Palace of Winds) Jaipur (Rajasthan) 23 Howrah Bridge Kolkata (West Bengal) 24 Island Palace Udaipur (Rajasthan) 25 Itmad-ud-Daulah's Tomb Agra (Uttar Pradesh) 26 Jagannath Temple Puri (Orissa) 27 Jama Masjid Delhi 28 Jantar Mantar Delhi 29 Jog (Geresoppa) Falls Mysore (Karnataka) 30 Kailasanath Temples Ellora (Maharashtra) 31 Kanyakumari Temples Cape Comorin (Tamil Nadu) 32 Khajuraho Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) 33 Konark Puri (Orissa) 34 Lal Bagh Gardens Bangalore (Karnataka) 35 Mahakaleeswar Temple Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh) 36 Mahesuramurthi (Trimurti) Elephanta Caves (Maharashtra) 37 Malabar Hills Mumbai (Maharashtra) 38 Manmandir Palace Gwalior Fort (Uttar Pradesh) 39 Marble Rocks Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) 40 Marina Beach Chennai (Tamil Nadu)

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

41 Meenakshi Temple Madurai (Tamil Nadu) 42 Padmanabha Temple Trivandrum (Kerala) 43 Panch Mahal Fatepur Sikri (Uttar Pradesh) 44 Tower of Fame Chittorgarh (Rajasthan)

National Sports of Countries

Name National game Australia Cricket Brazil Football Canada Ice Hockey China Table Tennis England Cricket India Hockey Japan Judo Malaysia Badminton

Number of Players in Important Games

Name of Game Players Badminton 1 (or) 2 Baseball 9 Basketball 5 Cricket 11 Football 11 Hockey 11 Polo 4 Tennis and Table Tennis 1 (or) 2 Water Polo 7 Volleyball 6

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

World Athletics Records Women

S.No Athlete Name Nation Event Time 1 Florence G.Joyner USA 100M 10.49 2 Florence G.Joyner USA 200M 21.34 3 Marita Koch East Germany 400M 47.6 4 Jarmila Kratochvilova Czechoslovakia 800M 01:53.3 5 Yunxia Qu China 1500M 03:50.5 6 Elvan Abeylegesse Turkey 5000M 14:24.7 7 Junxia Wang China 10,000M 29:31.8 8 Gulnara Samitova Russia 3000M STEEPLECHASE 09:01.6 9 Yordanka Donkova Bulgaria 100M HURDLES 12.21

10 Yuliya Pechenkina Russia 400M HURDLES 52.34 11 Stefka Kostadinova Bulgaria HIGH JUMP 2.09 12 Yelena Isinbayeva Russia POLE VAULT 4.92 13 Galina Chistyakova USSR LONG JUMP 752 14 Inessa Kravets Ukraine TRIPLE JUMP 15.5 15 Natalya Lisovskaya USSR SHOT PUT 22.63 16 Gabriele Reinsch East Germany DISCUS 76.8 17 Mihaela Melinte Romania HAMMER 76.07 18 Osleidys Menendez Cuba JAVELIN 71.54 19 Jackie Joyner-Kersee USA HEPTATHLON 7291 20 Nadezhda Ryashkina USSR 10 KM RACE WALKING 41:56.2 21 Olimpiada Ivanova Russia 20KM WALK 26:52.3

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

World Athletics Records for Men S.No Athlete Name Nation Event Time 1 Tim Montgomery USA 100m 9.78 2 Michael Johnson USA 200m 19.32 3 Michael Johnson USA 400m 43.18 4 Wilson Kipketer DEN 800m 01:41.1 5 Hicham El Guerrouj MAR 1500m 03:26.0 6 Kenenisa Bekele ETH 5000m 12:37.4 7 Kenenisa Bekele ETH 10,000m 26.20.3 8 Saif Saaeed Shaheen QAT 3000m Steeple Chase 07:53.6 9 Colin Jackson GBR 110m Hurdles 12.91 10 Xiang Liu CHN 110m Hurdles 12.91 11 Kevin Young USA 400m Hurdles 46.78 12 Javier Sotomayor CUB High Jump 2.45 13 Sergey Bubka UKR Pole Vault 6.14 14 Mike Powell USA Long Jump 8.95 15 Jonathan Edwards GBR Triple Jump 18.29 16 Randy Barnes USA Short Put 23.12 18 Jurgen Schult GDR Discus 74.08 19 Yuriy Sedykh RUS Hammer 86.74 20 Jan Zelezny CZE Javelin 98.48 21 Roman Sebrle CZE Decathlon 9026 22 Bernardo Segura MEX 20 km Race Walking 17:25.6 23 Thierry Toutain FRA 50 km Race Walking 40:57.9 24 Paul Tergat KEN Marathon 2:04:55

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Terms in Games and Sports

Game Terms Badminton Deuce, Double, Drop, Fault, Game, Let, Love, Smash Baseball Bunting, Diamond, Home, Pitcher, Put out, Strike Billiards Break, Cannons, Cue, In off, Jigger, Scratch Boat Race Cox Boxing Hook, Jab, Knock-out, Punch, upper cut Bridge Diamonds, Dummy, Grand slam, Little slam, Revoke, Ruff, Tricks, Trump Chess Check, Checkmate, Gambit, Stalemate Cricket Bowling, Bouncer, Crease, Cover point, Drive, Duck, Follow on, Googly, Hat

trick, Hit wicket, L. B. W. (Leg Before Wicket), Leg Break, Leg spinner, Maiden over No ball, Pitch, Run, Silly point, Stumped, Wicket keeper

Cricket Bowling, Bouncer, Crease, Cover point, Drive, Duck, Follow on, Googly, Hat trick, Hit wicket, L. B. W. (Leg Before Wicket), Leg Break, Leg spinner, Maiden over No ball, Pitch, Run, Silly point, Stumped, Wicket keeper

Football Dribble, Drop kick, Foul, Hat trick, Off-side, Penalty, Throw in, Touch Down Golf Bogey, Caddie, Hole, Links, Put, Putting the green, Stymie, Tee Hockey Bull, Carry, Centre forward, Carried, Dribble, Goal, Hat trick, Penalty Scoop,

Short corner, Sticks, Striking circle, Under cutting Horse Racing

Jockey, Place, Protest, Punter, Win

Lawn Tennis

Back-hand-drive, Service, Smash, Volley, Deuce, Game, Set, Love

Polo Bunder, Chuckker, Mallet Rifle Shooting

Bull's eye

Rugby Drop kick, Screen Swimming Stroke Volleyball Booster, Deuce, Love, Service, Spikers Wrestling Half Nelson, Heave

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Trophies of Different with Sports

International Name of the Trophy Related Game

American Cup Yatch Racing Ashes Cup Cricket (Australia-England) Azlan Shah Hockey Linares Open Golf US Masters Golf Hopman Cup Lawn Tennis Colombo Cup Football Davis Cup Lawn Tennis Derby Horse Race Kings Cup Air Races (England) Merdeka Cup Football (Asia) Prince of Wales Cup Golf (England) Swaythling Cup World Table Tennis Thomas Cup World Badminton (Men) U. Thant Cup Tennis Uber Cup World Badminton (Women) Walker Cup Golf (England) West Chester Cup Polo (England) Heineken Cup Lawn Tennis US-Open Lawn Tennis French-Open Lawn Tennis Australian Open Lawn Tennis Wimbledon Lawn Tennis World Cup Hockey World Cup Football World Cup Cricket Augusta Masters Golf Champions Trophy Hockey British Open Golf Malaysian Open Badminton Tata Open Lawn Tennis

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Trophies of Different with Sports

National Name of the Trophy Related Game Agha Khan Cup Hockey Barna Belleck Cup Table Tennis Beighton Cup Hockey Bombay Gold Cup Hockey Burdwan Trophy Weight Lifting D.C.M. Trophy Football Dhyanchand Trophy Hockey Dr. B.C. Roy Trophy Football Duleep Trophy Cricket Durand Cup Football Ezra Cup Polo I.F.A Shield Football Lady Ratan Tata Trophy Hockey Moinuddaula Gold Cup Cricket Nehru Trophy Hockey Radha Mohan Cup Polo Rangaswami Cup Hockey Ranji Trophy Cricket Rovers Cup Football Santosh Trophy Football Scindia Gold Cup Hockey Subroto Mukherjee Cup Football Wellington Trophy Rowing

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Abbreviations Term Full Form AAFI Amateur Athletics Federation of India AAPSO Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization AASU All Assam Students Union ABM Anti Ballistic Missile AC Alternate Current/Air Conditioner AD Ano Domini (After the birth of Jesus) ADB Asian Development Bank AERE Atomic Energy Research Establishment AICC All India Congress Committee AICTE All India Council of Technical Education AIDS Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome AlFF All India Football Federation AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences AIMPLB All India Muslim Personal Law Board AIR All India Radio (Broadcasting) AITUC All India Trade Union Congress AM Anti Meridian (Before Noon) ANC African National Congress APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations ASLV Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle ASI Archaeological Survey of India ASSOCHAM Associated Chamber of Commerce and Industry (India) ASWAC Airborne Surveillance Warning and Control ATS Anti Tetanus Serum BARC Bhabha Atomic Research Centre BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BC Before Christ (Before the birth of Jesus) BCG Bacillus Chalmette Guerin (Anti TB Vaccine) BCCI Board of Control for Cricket in India BEL Bharat Electronics Limited BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg BHEL Bharat Heavy Electronics Limited BIFR Board of Industrial Finance and Reconstruction (Formerly Industrial

Reconstruction Finance Board) BIMSTEC Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Cooperation BIS Bureau of Indian Standards BSF Border Security Force CAD Command Area Development/ Computer Aided Design

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

CAG Comptroller and Auditor General CASE Commission for Alternative Sources of Energy CAT Central Administrative Tribunal, Computerized Axial Tomography CAZRI Central Arid Zone Research Institute CBI Central Bureau of Investigation CBSE Central Board of Secondary Education CCS Cabinet Committee on Security C-DAC Centre For Development of Advance Computing CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CDRI Central Drug Research Institute CHOGM Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting CID Criminal Investigation Department CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CISF Central Industrial Security Force CITU Centre of Indian Trade Unions CNG Compressed Natural Gas COFEPOSA Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act CPO Central Passport Organization CPRI Central Power Research Institute CRPF Central Reserve Police Force CRR Cash Reserve Ratio CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CSO Central Statistical Organization CTS Computerized Tomography Scanner CVC Central Vigilance Commission DDT Dichloro Diphenyle Tri-chloroethane DFDR Digital Flight Data Recorder (Black box) DIG Deputy Inspector General DM District Magistrate DNA Di-oxyribo-Nucleic Acid DPAP Drought Prone Area Programme DPC Dabhol Power Company DRDO Defence Research and Development Organization DTH Direct to Home DVD Digital Versatile Disk EAS Employment Assurance Scheme ECB European Central Bank / External Commercial Borrowings ECG Electro Cardiogram EEC European Economic Community EEG Electro Encephalogram ELISA Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay EMF Electromotive Force

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

EPABX Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange EPZ Export Processing Zone ERDA Energy Research and Development Administration ESMA Essential Services Maintenance Act EVM Electronic Voting Machine EXIM Bank Export-Import Bank of India FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation (USA) FBTR Fast Breeder Test Reactor FCI Food Corporation of India/Fertilizer Corporation of India FDR Flight Data Recorder (Black Box) FERA Foreign Exchange Regulation Act FEMA Foreign Exchange Management Act FICCI Federation of India Chambers of Commerce and Industry FIPB Foreign Investment Promotion Board FIR First Information Report FRS Fellow of the Royal Society FTA Free Trade Area FTII Films and Television Institute of India FTZ Free Trade Zone GAIL Gas Authority of India Limited GATT General Agreement on Tariff and Trade GIC General Insurance Corporation GMT Greenwich Mean Time GNLF Gorkha National Liberation Front GNP Gross National Product GPF General Provident Fund GPO General Post Office GPS Global Positioning System GSI Geological Survey of India HAC Hindustan Aluminum Corporation HAL Hindustan Aeronautics Limited HDFC Housing Development Finance Corporation HIV Human Immuno-deficiency Virus HMT Hindustan Machine Tools HUDCO Housing and Urban Development Corporation HYVS High Yield Vanety Seeds IAAI International Airport Authority of India IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IARI Indian Agricultural Research Institute IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

ICBM Inter Continental Ballistic Missile ICC International Cricket Council ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions ICICI Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited ICJ International Court of Justice ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research ICSI Indian Company Secretaries Institute IDA International Development Agency IDBI Industrial Development Bank of India IDPL Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited IFA Indian Football Association IFCI Industrial Finance Corporation of India IFFI International Film Festival of India IFFCO Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative IFTU International Federation of Trade Unions IIPA Indian Institute of Public Administration IIS Indian Institute of Sciences IISCO Indian Iron and Steel Company IIT Indian Institute of Technology ILO International Labour Organisation IMA Indian Military Academy IMF International Monetary Fund INGCA Indira Gandhi Gallery for Culture and Art INS Indian Naval Ship INSAT Indian National Satellite INTELSAT International Telecommunication Satellite INTERPOL International Police Organisation INTUC Indian National Trade Union Congress IOC International Olympic Committee / Indian Oil Corporation IPC Indian Penal Code IPKF Indian Peace Keeping Force IRBM Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile IRC International Red Cross IRDA Insurance Regulatory Development Authority IRDP Integrated Rural Development Programme ISB Indian Standard Bureau ISO International Organisation for Standardization ISP Internet Services Provider ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation IST Indian Standard Time ITBP Indo-Tibet Border Police ITDC Indian Tourism Development Corporation

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

ITPO Indian Trade Promotion Organisation ITO International Trade Organization ITUC Indian Trade Union Congress LASER Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission of Radiation LIC Life Insurance Corporation of India LoC Line of Control (Pakistan) LoAC Line of Actual Control (China) LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas LSD Lysergic acid di-ethylamide LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam MASTER Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation MBT Main Battle Tank MCC Melbourne Cricket Club MFN Most Favored Nation MI Military Intelligence MISA Maintenance of Internal Security Act MLA Member of Legislative Assembly MLC Member of Legislative Council MNC Multi National Corporation MRTPC Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission MODVAT Modified Value Added Tax NABARD National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development NACO National AIDS Control Organisation NAEP National Adult Education Programme NAFED National Agricultural and Marketing Federation NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NAPP Narora Atomic Power Plant NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA) NASDAQ National Association of Security Dealer's Active Quotation NASSCOM National Association of Software & Service Companies NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NCW National Commission for Women NCCR National Council for Civil Right NCERT National Council of Educational Research & Training NDA National Defence Academy NDDB National Dairy Development Board (Anand, Gujarat) NEERI National Environment Engineering Research Institute NEFA North-East Frontier Agency NEPA National Environment Protection Authority NFDC National Film Development Corporation NFL National Fertilizer Limited NHRC National Human Rights Commission

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

NIDC National Industrial Development Corporation NIMHANS National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences NITlE National Institute for Training in Industrial Engineering NMEP National Malaria Eradication Programme NOIDA New Okhla Industrial Development Authority NPC National Productivity Council NPP National Population Policy NPT Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty NRDC National Research and Development Corporation NREP National Rural Employment Programme NRI Non Resident Indian NSC National Security Council NSSO National Sample Survey Organisation NTC National Textile Corporation NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation OGL Open General License OIL Oil India Limited OK All Correct ONGC Oil and Natural Gas Commission OPEC Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries PCI Press Council of India PIN Postal Index Number PLO Palestine Liberation Organisation PM Post Meridian/Prime Minister POTA Prevention of Terrorism Act PSLV Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PTI Press Trust of India PRO Public Relations Officer PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride/Param vir Chakra PVSM Param Vishisht Seva Medal PWD Public Works Department PWG People's War Group RADAR Radio Angle Direction and Range RAW Research and Analysis Wing R & D Research and Development RBI Reserve Bank of India RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete RDX Research Developed Explosive RIMC Rashtriya Indian Military College RMS Railway Mail Service RLEGP Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme RNA Ribonucleic Acid

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

RPM Revolutions Per Minute RTO Regional Transport Officer SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SAC Space Application Centre SAFTA South Asian Free Trade Agreement SAI Sports Authority of India SAIL Steel Authority of India Limited SAPTA South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SC Security Council/Supreme Court SCI Shipping Corporation of India SCOPE Standing Conference of Public Enterprises SDR Special Drawing Rights SEBI Security Exchange Board of India SGPC Siromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee SHAR Shri Harikota Range SlDBI Small Industries Development Bank of India SIS Secret Intelligence Service (U.K) SITA Suppression of Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act SLV Satellite Launch Vehicle SPCA Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Animals STARS Satellite Tracking and Ranging Station START Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (Between USA and Russia) STD Subscribers Trunk Dialing STPI Software Technology Parks of India SWAPO South West African People's Organisation TC Transfer Certificate, Trusteeship Council TELCO Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company TELEX Tele-printer Exchange TISCO Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited TNT Tri-nitro-toluene TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language TRAI Telecom Regulatory Authority of India TRIPS Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights TTFI Table Tennis Federation of India UFO Unidentified Flying Object UGC University Grants Commission ULFA United Liberation Front of Assam UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEF United Nations Emergency Force UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

UNESCO United Nations Economic Social and Cultural Organisation UNFPA United Nations for Population Activities UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees UNI United News of India UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund UNO United Nations Organisation UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply UPSC Union Public Service Commission USP Unique Selling Proposition USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republic UTI Unit Trust of India VAT Value Added Tax VDIS Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme VC Vice-Chancellor/Victoria Cross VPP Value Payable Post VRS Voluntary Retirement Scheme VSNL Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited VSSC Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre WEF World Economic Forum WHO World Health Organisation WILL Wireless in Local Loop WMO World Meteorological Organisation WWF World Wild Life Fund WPI Wholesale Price Index WTO World Trade Organisation WWF World Wild Life Fund for Nature WWW World Wide Web YMCA Young Men's Christians Association YWCA Young Women's Christians Association ZBB Zero Based Budgeting ZPG Zero Population Growth ZSl Zoological Survey of India

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Important Days

Date Day Recognized For Jan 8 African National Congress Foundation Day Jan 10 World Laughter Day Jan 11 Death anniversary of Lal Bahadur Shastri Jan 12 National Youth Day (Birth day of Swami Vivekanand) Jan 15 Army Day Jan 23 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose's birth anniversary Jan 25 International Customs Duty Day

India Tourism Day Jan 26 Republic Day Jan 28 Birth anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai Jan 30 Mahatma Gandhi's Martyrdom Day

World Leprosy Eradication Day Feb 2 World Wetlands Day Feb 13 Sarojini Naidu's Birth Anniversary Feb 14 St. Valentine's Day Feb 24 Central Excise Day Feb 28 National Science Day Mar 3 National Defence Day Mar 4 National Security Day Mar 8 International Women's Day Mar 9 CISF Raising Day Mar 12 Central Industrial Security Force Day Mar 15 World Consumer Day Mar 16 National Vaccination Day Mar 19 World Disabled Day Mar 21 World Forestry Day Mar 22 World Day for Water Mar 23 World Meteorological Day Mar 24 World TB Day Mar 26 Bangladesh Liberation Day April 1 Orissa Day April 5 National Maritime Day April 7 World Health Day April 13 Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre Day (1919) April 14 B.R. Ambedkar Remembrance Day

Fire Extinguishing Day April 18 World Heritage Day April 22 World Earth Day April 23 World Books Day

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

May 1 International Labour Day (May Day) May 3 International Energy Day May 8 International Red Cross Day May 11 National Technology Day May 17 World Telecom Day May 24 Commonwealth Day May 31 World No Tobacco Day Jun 5 World Environment Day Jun 27 World Diabetes Day Jul 4 American Independence Day Jul 11 World Population Day Jul 26 Kargil Victory Day Aug 6 Hiroshima Day Aug 9 Quit India Movement Day Aug 12 International Youth Day Aug 14 Pakistan's Independence Day Aug 15 India's Independence Day Aug 19 World Photography Day Aug 20 Sadbhavna Divas Aug 29 Sports Day (Dhyanchand's birthday) Aug 30 Small Industry Day Sep 5 Teacher's Day Sep 8 International Literacy Day Sep 14 Hindi Day

World First Aid Day Sep 15 International Day of Democracy Sep 16 World Ozone Day Sep 21 Word Alzheimer's Day Sep 25 Social Justice Day Sep 27 World Tourism Day Oct 1 International Day for the Elderly (UN) Oct 2 Gandhi Jayanti

International Non-violence Day Oct 3 World Nature Day Oct 4 World Animal Day Oct 5 World Habitat Day

World Teacher's Day Oct 6 World Wildlife Day Oct 8 Indian Air force Day Oct 9 World Postal Day Oct 10 World Mental Health Day

National Post Day

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Oct 12 World Sight Day Oct 13 World Calamity Control Day (UN) Oct 14 World Standards Day Oct 17 International Poverty Eradication Day Oct 20 National Solidarity Day Oct 24 United Nations Day Oct 30 World Thrift day Oct 31 National Integration Day Nov 7 Infant Protection Day

World Cancer Awareness Day Nov 9 Pravasiya Bharatiya Divas

Legal Services Day Nov 10 Transport Day Nov 14 Children's Day

World Diabetics day Nov 17 Guru Nanak Dev's Birth Anniversary Nov 30 Flag Day Nov 26 Law Day Dec 1 World AIDS Day Dec 4 Navy Day Dec 7 Armed Forces Flag Day Dec 10 Human Rights Day Dec 11 UNICEF Day Dec 14 National Energy Conservation Day Dec 19 Goa's Liberation Day Dec 23 Kisan Divas (Farmer's day)

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

National / International Years

Years Speciality of Years 2001 Year of Woman Empowerment (Government of India) 2002 International Year of Mountain (by FAO) 2003 International Fresh Water Year 2004 International Year of Rice 2005 International Year of Physics/Sports (by UNO) 2006 International Year of Deserts and Desertification 2007 International Polar Year

Year of the Dolphin 2008 International Year of Sanitation

International Year of Languages 2009 International Year of Astronomy (UN)

International Year of Natural Fibers (FAO) International Year of Reconciliation Year of the OX (China)

Records To Know in The World Record Record Maker The first person to reach Mount Everest Sherpa Tenzing

Edmund Hillary The first person to reach North Pole Robert Peary The first person to reach South Pole Amundsen The first religion of the world Hinduism The first country to issue paper currency China The first country to commence competitive examination in civil services

China

The first President of the U.S.A George Washington The first Governor General of the United Nations Trigveli (Norway) The first country to win football World cup Uruguay The first country to prepare a constitution U.S.A The first Governor General of Pakistan Mohd. Ali Jinnah The first country to host NAM summit Belgrade (Yugoslavia) The first European to attack India Alexander, The Great The first person to fly aeroplane Wright Brothers The first person to sail round the world Magellan The first country to send man to the moon U.S.A The first country to launch Artificial satellite in the space Russia

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

The first country to host the modern Olympics Greece The first city on which the atom bomb was dropped Hiroshima (Japan) The first person to land on the moon Neil Armstrong followed by

Edwin E. Aldrin The first shuttle to go in space Columbia The first spacecraft to reach on Mars Viking-I The first woman Prime Minister of England Margaret Thatcher The first Muslim Prime Minister of a country Benazir Bhutto (Pakistan) The first woman Prime Minister of a country Mrs. S. Bandamaike (Sri Lanka) The first woman to climb Mount Everest Mrs. Junko Tabei (Japan) The first woman cosmonaut of the world Velentina Tereshkova (Russia) The first woman President of the U.N. General Assembly Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit The first man to fly into space Yuri Gagarin (Russia) The first batsman to score three test century in three successive tests on debut

Mohd. Azharuddin

The first U.S. President to resign Presidency Richard Nixon

Popular Newspaper in India

Newspaper Language Times of India English Dainik Bhaskar Hindi Gujarat Samachar Gujarati The Hindu English Ananda Bazar Patrika Bengali Punjab Kesri Hindi Sandesh Guiarati Amar Ujala Hindi Nava Bharat Hindi Navbharat Times Hindi Dainik Jagran Hindi Malayala Manorama Malayalam Hindustan Times English Mathrubhumi Malayalam Aaj Hindi Eenadu Telugu Hindustan Hindi Daily Thanthi Tamil Daily Sakal Marathi

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Dinamalar Tamil World's Famous Newspapers

Newspaper Country Al-Ahram Egypt Bangladesh Observer Bangladesh Daily News USA Daily Mail England Daily Mirror England Dawn Pakistan Eastern Sun Singapore Financial Times England Guardian England Izvestia Russia Independent England Le Monde France Le Republica Italy Merdeka Indonesia New York Times USA Pravada Russia People's Daily China Star S. Africa The Times England The Island Sri Lanka Washington Post USA Khalij Times UAE

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

World's Famous News Agencies

Countries Agencies Australia AAP China XINHUA Egypt MENA France A. F. P. Germany D. P. A. India PTI India UNI India Samachar Bharti India Univarta Indonesia Antara Iran IRNA Italy ANSA Israel ITIM Japan KYODO Malaysia BERNAMA Pakistan APP Palestine WAFA Russia Tass Russia NOVOSTI United Kingdom REUTER United States of America AP (Associated Press) United States of America UPI (United Press International)

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

World Religions

Religion Percentage of World Population Christians 33.06 Muslims 20.28 Hindus 13.33 Sikhs 0.39 Jains 0.07 Buddhists 5.87 Jews 0.23 Non-religious 11.92 Atheists 2.35 Chinese folk religionists 6.27 Neo religionists 1.68 Tribal religionists 3.97 Shintoists 0.04 Spiritists 0.20 Bahais 0.12 Confucionists 0.10 Other religions 0.02

Discoveries in Geography

Discovery Discoverer America Christopher Columbus Sea route to India via Cape of Good Hope Vasco-da-Gama Solar system Copernicus Planets Kepler South Pole Amundsen North Pole Robert Peary China Marco Polo New Foundland Gobot Sebastian Hudson Bay Henry Hudson Sailor of the world Magellan Mount Everest Edmund Hillary First person to set foot on the moon Neil Armstrong Tasmania island Tasman Cape of the Good Hope Baurtho Romeiodeis

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Books and Authors Name of Famous Book Famous Author A Bend in the River V.S. Naipaul A Brief History of Time Stephen Hawking A China Passage John Kenneth Galbraith A Critique of Pure Reason Immanuel Kant A Farewell to Arms Ernest Hemingway A Fine Balance Rohinton Mistry A House for Mr. Biswas V.S. Naipaul A Million Mutinies Now V.S. Naipaul A Midsummer Night's Dream William Shakespeare A Prisoner's Scrapbook L.K. Advani A Streetcar Named Desire Tennesse Williams A Study of History Arnold J. Toynbee A Suitable Boy Vikram Seth A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens A Thousand Suns Dominique Lappierre A Village by the Sea Anita Desai A Week with Gandhi Louis Fischer Adventures of Tom Sawyer Mark Twain Agni Veena Kazi Nazrul Islam Akbarnama Abdul Fazal Alice in Wonderland Lewis Carroll All the King's Men Robert Penn Warren All the President's Men Carl Bernstein & Bob Woodward All's Well that Ends Well William Shakespeare An American Dilemma Gunnar Myrdal An Area of Darkness V.S. Naipaul An Autobiography Jawaharlal Nehru An Idealist View of Life Dr. S. Radhakrishnan Anandmath Bankim Chandra Chatterjee Animal Farm George Orwell Antony and Cleopatra William Shakespeare As You Like It William Shakespeare Asia and Western Dominance K.M. Panikkar Asian Drama Gunnar Myrdal Babbit Sinclair Lewis Back to Methuselah George Bernard Shaw Bandicoot Run Manohar Malgaonkar Being Digital Nicholas Negroponte Bharat Bharati Maithili Saran Gupta

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Black Holes and Baby Universes Stephen Hawking Brave New World Aldous Huxley Bubble, The Mulk Raj Anand Caesar and Cleopatra George Bernard Shaw Candida George Bernard Shaw Candide Voltaire Chitra Rabindra Nath Tagore Chronicle of a Death Foretold Gabriel Garcia Marquez Circle of Reason Amitav Ghosh City of Joy Dominique Lapierre Comedy of Errors William Shakespeare Coming of Age in Samoa Margaret Mead Communist Manifesto Karl Marx Confessions J.J. Rousseau Confidential Clerk T.S Eliot Conquest of Self Mahatma Gandhi Coolie Mulk Raj Anand Crescent Moon Rabindra Nath Tagore Das Kapital Karl Marx David Copperfield Charles Dickens Days of Grace Arthur Ashe & Arnold Rampersad Death in Venice Thomas Mann Death of a City Amrita Pritam Death of a Salesman Arthur Miller Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Edward Gibbon Descent of Man Charles Darwin Deserted Village Oliver Goldsmith Devdas Sharat Chandra Charterjee Diplomacy Henry Kissinger Discovery of India Jawaharlal Nehru Divine Life Swami Sivananda Doctor's Dilemma George Bernard Shaw Earth Emile Zola Emma Jane Austen Ends and Means Aldous Huxley Essays on Gita Sri Aurobindo Ghosh Eternal Himalayas Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia Ethics for New Millennium The Dalai Lama Expanding Universe Arthur Stanley Eddington Family Matters Rohinton Mistry Farewell the Trumpets James Morris Fasting Feasting Anita Desai

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

The Final Days Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein For Whom the Bell Tolls Ernest Hemingway Freedom at Midnight Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre French Revolution Thomas Carlyle Friends and Foes Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Gandhi and Stalin Louis Fisher Gardener Rabindranath Tagore Gathering Storm Winston Churchill Ghasiram Kotwal Vijay Tendulkar Gitanjali Rabindranath Tagore Glimpses of World History Jawaharlal Nehru Godan Prem Chand Gone With The Wind Margaret Mitchell Good Earth Pearl S. Buck Good Times, Bad Times Harold Evans Grammar of Politics Harold Joseph Laski Great Expectations Charles Dickens Guide R.K. Narayan Half a Life V S Naipaul Hamlet W. Shakespeare Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix J.K. Rowling Harry Potter and the Goblet of fire J.K. Rowling Heritage Anthony West Heroes and Hero Worship Thomas Carlyle Himalayan Blunder Brigadier J.P. Dalvi Hindu View of Life Dr. S. Radhakrishnan Hungry Stones Rabindra Nath Tagore Ideas and Opinions Albert Einstein I follow the Mahatma K.M. Munshi Idols Sunil Gavaskar If I am Assassinated Z.A. Bhutto Ignited Minds A.P.J. Abdul Kalam In Search of Gandhi Richard Attenborough India in the New Millennium Dr. P.C. Alexander India Divided Rajendra Prasad India Emerging power Stephen Philip Cohen India Another Millennium Romila Thapar India Unbound Gurcharan Das India of Our Dreams M.V. Kamath India Wins Freedom Abul Kalam Azad India's Priceless Heritage N.A. Palkhivala Indian Philosophy Dr. S. Radhakrishanan

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Interpreter of Maladies Jhumpa Lahiri Is Paris Burning Larry Collins & Dominique Lapierre Isabella John Keats It was Five Past Midnight in Bhopal Dominique Lapierre and Javier Moro Jean Christopher Romain Rolland Julius Caeser William Shakespeare Jungle Book Rudyard Kipling Jurassic Park Michael Crichton Kalpana Chawla: A Life Anil Padmanabhan Kamasutra Vatsyayana Kane and Abel Jeffrey Archer Kashmir: A Tragedy of Errors Tavleen Singh Kim Rudyard Kipling King Lear William Shakespeare Ladies Coupe Anita Nair Lajja Taslima Nasreen Last Burden Upamanyu Chatterjee Le Contract (Social Contract) J.J. Rousseau Leaders Richard Nixon Leviathan Thomas Hobbes Life Divine Sri Aurobindo Life of Samuel Johnson James Boswell Living History Hillary Clinton Lolita Vladimir Nobakov Long Day's Journey into Night Eugene O' Neill Long Walk to Freedom Nelson Mandela Macbeth W. Shakespeare Magic Mountain Thomas Mann Mahatma Gandhi and his Apostles Ved Mehta Mahatma Gandhi Romain Rolland Main Street Sinclair Lewis Malgudi Days R. K. Narayan Man ard Superman George Bernard Shaw Man-eaters of Kumaon Jim Corbett Managing for Results Peter Drucker Mankind and Mother Earth Arnold Toynbee Mein Kampf Adolf Hitler Memories of Hope Gen. Charles de Gaulle Men are from Mars. Women are from Venus John Gray Midnight's Children Salman Rushdie Mill on the Floss George Eliot Moonwalk Michael Jackson

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Mother India Katherine Mayo Mother Maxim Gorky Much Ado About Nothing William Shakespeare Murder in the Cathedral T. S. Eliot My Days R. K. Narayan My Life and Times V. V. Giri My Music, My Life Pt. Ravi Shankar My Presidential Years R. Venkataraman Mystic River Dennis Lehane My Truth Indira Gandhi New Dimensions of India's Foreign Policy A. B. Vajpayee Nice Guys Finish Second B. K. Nehru Nineteen Eighty Four George Orwell No Full Stops in India Mark Tully 'O' Jerusalem Larry Collins & Dominique Lapierre Oliver Twist Charles Dickens On The Threshold of Hope Pope John Paull II One Hundred Years of Solitude Gabriel Garcia Marquez One World and India Arnold Toynbee Operation Bluestar: The True Story Lt. Gen. K.S. Brar Othello William Shakespeare Our Films, Their Fiims Satyajit Ray Rangbhoomi Prem Chand Rebel, The Albert Camus Red Earth and Pouring Rain Vikram Chandra Red Star Over China Edgar Snow Reflections on the French Revolution Edmund Burke Rendezvous with Rama Arthur C. Clark Riding the Storm Harold MacMillan Riot: A Novel Shashi Tharoor Robinson Crusoe Daniel Defoe Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare Saket Maithili Sharan Gupta Seven Lamps of Architecture John Ruskin Seven Summers Mulk Raj Anand Shadow from Ladakh Bhavani Bhattacharya She Stoops to Conquer Oliver Goldsmith Snakes and Ladders: Essays on India Gita Mehta Snow Country Yasunari Kawabata Sohrab and Rustam Mathew Arnold Sons and Lovers D. H. Lawrence Sunny Days Sunil Gavaskar

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Talisman Sir Walter Scott Tempest William Shakespeare Tenth Insight James Redfield The Adventures of Sheriock Holmes Arthur Conan Doyle The Affluent Society John Kenneth Galbraith The Age of Reason Jean Paul Sartre The Applecart George Bernard Shaw The Arrangement Elia Kazan The Banyan Tree Hugh Tinker The Better Man Anita Nair The Big Fisherman Lloyd Douglas The Bride's Book of Beauty Mulk Raj Anand The Caretaker Harold Pinters The Castle Franz Kafka The Changing World of the Executive Peter Drucker The Clown Heinrich Boll The Coup John Updike The Court Dancer Rabindra Nath Tagore The Crucible Arthur Miller The Degeneration of India T. N. Seshan The Diary of a Young Girl Anne Frank The Double Helix James D. Watson The End of History and the Last Man Francis Fukuyama The Eye of the Storm Patrick White The Fifth Horseman Larry Collins and Domnique Lapierre The Forbidden Sea Tara Ali Baig The Fury Salman Rushdie The Glass Palace Amitav Ghosh The God of Small Things Arundhati Roy The Godfather Mario Puzo The Golden Gate Vikram Seth The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck The Great Challenge Louis Fischer The Great Indian Novel Shashi Tharoor The Idiot Feodor Dostoyevsky The Importance of Being Earnest Oscar Wilde The Interpreter of Maladies Jhumpa Lahiri The Invisible Man Ralph Ellison The Men Who killed Gandhi Manohar Malgaonkar The Merchant of Venice William Shakespeare The Middle Ground Margaret Drabble The Minister's Wife Amaresh Mishra

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

The Miser Moliere The Old Man and the Sea Ernest Hemingway The Origin of Species Charles Darwin The Power of Positive Thinking Norman Vincent Peale The Private Life of Chairman Mao Dr. Li Zhisui The Proper Study of Mankind Isaiah Berlin The Rights of Man Thomas Paine The Road Ahead Bill Gates The Robe Lloyd C. Douglas The Roots Alex Haley The Satanic Verses Salman Rushdie The Second World War Winston Churchill The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success Deepak Chopra The Social Contract Rousseau The Songs of India Sarojini Naidu The Story of My Experiments with Truth Mahatma Gandhi The Struggle and the Triumph Lech Walesa The Struggle in My Life Nelson Mandela The Sword and the Sickle Mulk Raj Anand The Testament John Grisham The Third Wave Alvin Tofler The Total Zone Martina Navaratilova The Tree of Man Patrick White The Trotter-Nama Allan Sealy The Vendor of Sweets R. K. Narayan The Wasteland T.S. Eliot The Way of all Flesh Samuel Butler The Wealth of Nations Adam Smith Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe The Thirteenth Sun Amrita Pritam Time Machine H. G. Wells To the Lighthouse Virginia Woolf Train to Pakistan Khushwant Singh Treasure Island Robert Louis Stevenson Tropic of Cancer Henry Miller Tryst with Destiny S. Gopalan Twelfth Night W. Shakespeare Uncle Tom's Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe Utopia Thomas Moore Valley of the Dolls Jacqueline Susann Vanity Fair William Thackeray Waiting for the Mahatma R. K. Narayan

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Wake Up India Annie Besant War and Peace Leo Tolstoy Yayati V. S. Khandekar Year of the Upheaval Henry Kissinger Yesterday and Today K.P.S. Menon

World Countries Capitals and Currencies

Country Capital Currency Afghanistan Kabul Afghani Bahrain Manama Bahraini Dinar Bangladesh Dhaka Taka Bhutan Thimpu Ngultrum Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan Ringgit China Beijing Yuan India New Delhi Indian Rupee Indonesia Djakarta Rupiah Iran Tehran Riyal Iraq Baghdad Iraqi Dinar Israel Tel Aviv Shekel Japan Tokyo Yen Jordan Amman Jordan Dinar Cambodia Phnom Penh Riel Kazakhstan Akmola Tenge Korea (North) Pyongyang Won (KPW) Korea (South) Seoul Won (KRW) Kuwait Kuwait City Kuwaiti Dinar Kyrgystan Bishkek Som (KGS) Laos Vientiane Kip Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Ringgit Maldives Male Rufiyaa Mongolia Ulan-Bator Tugrik Myanmar Yangoon Kyat Nepal Kathmandu Nepalese Rupee Oman Muscat Omani Rial Pakistan Islamabad Pakistani Rupee Philippines Manila Piso Qatar Doha Qatari Riyal Saudi Arabia Riyadh Riyal (SAR) Sri Lanka Colombo Sri Lankan Rupee

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Syria Damascus Syrian Pound Taiwan Taipei New Taiwan Dollar Tajikistan Dushambe Tajik Rouble Thailand Bangkok Baht Turkey Ankara Turkish Lira Turkemenistan Ashkabad Manat (TMM) United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi Dirham Uzbekistan Tashkent Som (UKS) Vietnam Hanoi Dong Yemen Sana Riyal (YER) Albania Tirana Lek Andorra Andorra-la-vella Euro Armenia Yerevan Dram Austria Vienna Euro Azerbaijan Baku Manat Belarus Minsk Russian Rouble Belgium Brussels Euro Bosnia-Herjegovina Sarajevo Dinar Bulgaria Sofia Lev Croatia Zagreb Kuna Cyprus Nicosia Euro Czech Republic Prague Koruna Denmark Copenhagen Danish Krone Estonia Tallinn Kroon Finland Helsinki Euro France Paris Euro Georgia Tbilisi Lari Germany Berlin Euro Greece Athens Euro Hungary Budapest Forint Iceland Reykavik Krona Ireland Dublin Euro Italy Rome Euro Latvia Riga Lats Leichtenstem Vaduz Swiss Franc Lithuania Vilnius Litas Luxembourg Luxembourg Euro Macedonia Skopje Dinar Malta Valletta Euro Moldova Chisinau Leu Monaco Monaco Euro

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Montenegro Podogorica Euro Netherlands The Hague Euro Norway Oslo Norwegian Krone Poland Warsaw Zloty Portugal Lisbon Euro Romania Bucharest Lei Russia Moscow Rouble San Marino San Marino Euro Slovakia Bratislava Slovak Koruna Slovenia Ljubljana Euro Spain Madrid Euro Sweden Stockholm Krona (SEK) Switzerland Berne Swiss Franc Ukraine Kiev Karbovanets United Kingdom London Pound Sterling Vatican City State Vatican City Euro Yugoslavia Belgrade New Dinar

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

World's Famous Intelligence Agencies

Intelligence Agency Country Australian Security and Intelligence Organization (ASIO)

Australia

Central External Langa Department (CELD) China Mukhbirat Egypt Mosad Israel Sawac Iran Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) Intelligence Bureau (IB) Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)

India

NIACHO Japan Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) Pakistan KGB / G.R.U Russia Bureau of State Security South Africa Ml (Military intelligence) - 5 & 6 Special Branch (SB) Joint Intelligence Organization (JIO)

United Kingdom

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

United States of America

World Monuments

Monument Country Emperial Palace (Tokyo) Japan Eiffel Tower (Paris) France Great Wall of China China Kremlin (Moscow) Russia Kinder Disk Denmark

Leaning Tower of Pisa Italy Pyramid (Giza) Egypt Opera House (Sidney) Australia Statue of Liberty (New York) USA Taj Mahal (Agra) India

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

National Emblems of Famous Countries

Country Emblem Australia Kangaroo Bangladesh Water Lily Canada White Lily Denmark Beach France Lily Germany Corn Flower India Lion Capital Iran Rose Ireland Shamrock Italy White Lily Japan Chrysanthemum Norway Lion Pakistan Crescent Spain Eagle Sri Lanka Sword & Lion Russia Sickle & Hammer United Kingdom Rose U.S.A Golden Rod

Parliament's Names

Country Name Parliament Afghanistan Shora Bangladesh Jatia Parliament Bhutan Tasongadu Canada Parliament China National People Congress Denmark Folketing Egypt People's Assembly France National Assembly Germany Bundestag Great Britain Parliament India Parliament (Sansad) Iran Majlis Israel Knesset Japan Diet Malaysia Majlis

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Maldives Majlis Nepal Rasthtriya Panchayat Norway Storting Pakistan National Assembly Spain Crotes Sweden Riksdag South Africa Parliament Switzerland Federal Assembly Russia Duma Taiwan Yuan U.S.A Congress

Wonders of the World Ancient New Wonders Hanging Gardens of Babylon Colosseum of Rome Temple of Diana al Ephesus (Rome) Great Wall of China Statue of Jupiter at Olympia Porcelain Tower of Nanking Mausoleum of Mausolus (Ruler of Halicarnassus)

Stonehange of England

Pyramids of Egypt Mosque at St. Sophia (Constantinople) Light House at Alexandria Catacombs of Alexandria Colossus of Rhodes Leaning Tower of Pisa Taj Mahal (India)

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Facts Regarding Nobel Prize

Most coveted international award of the world. Instituted by Alfred Bernard Nobel (inventor of dynamite). The award is giver on December 10 (death anniversary of Alfred Bernard Nobel). Nobel Prize is given every year to those eminent persons who have made pioneering

achievements in the following fields: Physics Chemistry Medicine Peace Literature Economics

Apart from Economics, all other categories have been given since 1901. Economics

Nobel Prize was instituted in 1967 and was first given in 1969. Nobel Prize Winners from India

Name Field Year Rabindranath Tagore Literature 1913 Dr. C.V. Raman Physics 1930 Dr. Hargovind Khurana Medicine 1968 Mother Teresa Peace 1979 Dr. S. Chandrashekhar Physics 1983 Dr. Amartya Sen Economics 1999 V.S. Naipaul Literature 2001

Other Awards and Prizes (World and India)

Magsaysay Awards Instituted in 1957 and named after Ramon Magsaysay, the former President of

Philippines. This award is given annually on August 31 Award is given for outstanding contributions to public service, community

leadership, journalism, literature and creative arts and international understanding.

Regarded as the Nobel Prize of Asia.

Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding Instituted in 1965 by the Government of India.

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Given annually to persons for outstanding contributions to international understanding and goodwill among the people of the world.

Oscar Awards

Instituted in 1929 Conferred annually by the Academy of Motion Pictures in USA. The first Indian to get an Oscar was Bhanu Athaiya for the movie 'Gandhi'. Satyajit Ray was the first Indian awarded Oscar for lifetime achievements in

cinema in 1992.

UNESCO Peace Prize Presented by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

(UNESCO) For extraordinary contributions for international peace.

Pulitzer Prize

Instituted in 1970 and named after the US Publisher Joseph Pulitzer. Conferred annually in the USA For accomplishments in journalism, literature and music.

Right Livelihood Award

Instituted in 1980 by the Right Livelihood Society, London. Known as alternate Nobel Award To promote and contribute in the fields of environment and social justice.

Mahatma Gandhi Peace Prize

Instituted in 1995 by Government of India. It is presented for international peace on the lines of Nobel Prize.

UNESCO Human Rights Award

Presented by UNESCO For contributions in the field of Human Rights Awareness. Given every alternate year.

Man Booker Prize

Highest literary award to authors of British, Irish and Commonwealth countries Instituted in 1968 by the Booker Company and the British Publishers Association

along the lines of Pulitzer Prize of US. Renamed as Man Booker Prize, as the sponsorship has been taken over by the

Man Group, an international stockbroker.

UN Human Rights Award Presented by UN for personal contribution for the cause of human rights.

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

It is presented every sixth year.

World Food Prize Presented by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) For the cause of agriculture and food development.

Indira Gandhi Award For International Peace, Disarmament and Development

Presented by Indira Gandhi Memorial Fund in India For specialized contribution in the field of international disarmament and

development.

Bharat Ratna Highest civilian award of India Presented by the Government of India. Presented for exceptional public service and rarest achievements in the field of

art, literature and science. Instituted in 1954 First recipient was Dr. Radhakrishnan.

Padma Vibhushan

Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award For distinguished services in any field including Government service.

Padma Bhushan and Padma Shree are the other important civilian awards.

Bhartiya Jnanpeeth Awards

Instituted in 1965 Given for distinguished works in any recognized language by a scholar.

Sahitya Akademy Awards

Instituted in 1955 Given for any exclusive writing in any of the 22 languages including English

literature.

Saraswati Samman Instituted in 1991 by the K.K. Birla Foundation Given for any distinguished literary work made during last 10 years in any of the

Indian language.

Vyas Samman Instituted in 1992 by the K.K. Birla Foundation For outstanding contribution to Hindi literature.

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Awards Given to the Indian scientists for their exceptional performance.

R.D. Birla Award Given in the field of medical sciences.

Dhanvantri Award These awards are given for the extra ordinary performance in medical

sciences.

Arjuna Awards Instituted in 1961 Given by Sports Ministry, Government of India. These are given for the special achievements in different types of sports.

Dronacharya Awards

Instituted in 1985 Given by Sports Ministry, Government of India. These are given to sports coaches.

Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna

It was instituted in 1962 Presented for commendable display by the players.

Gallantry Awards

Param Vir Chakra : It is India's highest award for bravery. Mahavir Chakra : It is the second highest gallantry award. Vir Chakra : It is the third highest gallantry award. Ashok Chakra : It is the highest peace-time gallantry award

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

List of Oceans in the World

Name of Oceans Area (Sq.Km) Greatest known depth in feet

Place of greatest known depth

Pacific Ocean 16,52,40,000 35,410 Off Mindanao Atlantic Ocean 8,23,60,000 30,143 Puerto Rico Trench Indian Ocean 7,35,50,000 22,968 Off Sunda Trench Arctic Ocean 1,39,80,000 17,850 Sumatra-Jawa Mediterranean Ocean

1,142,000 14,435 Matapan

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

List of Seas in the World

Name of Seas Area Area (Sq.km) South China Sea China, Asia 2,974,600 Malay Sea Malaysia, Asia 81,43,100 Caribbean Sea Central America,

Atlantic Ocean 27,53,170

Mediterranean Sea Europe 25,03,900 Bering Sea Pacific Ocean, Russia 22,68,200 Gulf of Mexico Central America,

Atlantic Ocean 15,43,000

Sea of Okhotsk Pacific Ocean, Russia 15,27,000 East China Sea China, Asia 12,49,000 Hudson Bay Sea Canada 12,32,200 Sea of Japan Japan, Asia 10,07,700 Andaman Sea Bay of Bengal, India 7,97,600 North Sea Europe, Near Britain 5,75,300 Black Sea Russia 4,62,000 Red Sea West Asia 4,37,000 Baltic Sea Europe 4,22,300

Foreign Visitors to India

The first European Invader on Indian soil Alexander, the Great The first European to visit India Marco Polo The first Chinese Pilgrim who came to India Fahien The first British Prime Minister to visit India Harold Macmillan The First U.S. President to visit India D. Elsenhower The first Soviet Prime Minister to visit India V.Bulganin

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

List of Foreign Banks in India

Name of the Bank Country Standard Chartered Bank UK HSBC Hongkong Citibank USA ABN-Amro Bank Netherlands BNP Paribas France Deutsche Bank Germany American Express Bank Ltd USA Bank of Nova Scotia Canada Bank of America USA Calyon Bank France State Bank of Mauritius Mauritius Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd Japan Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank Ltd UAE Bank of Bahrain & Kuwait Bahrain DBS Bank Ltd Singapore Mizuho Corporate Bank Ltd Japan Mashreq Bank UAE Sonali Bank Bangladesh Societe Generale France Arab Bangladesh Bank Ltd Bangladesh Antwerp Diamond Bank Belgium Bank international Indonesia Indonesia Bank of Ceylon Sri Lanka Barclays Bank Plc UK Chinatrust Commercial Bank Taiwan J.P. Morgan Chase Bank USA

World Waterfalls

S.No. Waterfall Location River 1 Angel Venezuela Tributary of Caroni 2 Tugela Natel, South Africa Tugela 3 Cuquenan Venenzuela Cuquenan 4 Sutherland South Island, New Zealand Arthur 5 Takkakaw British Columbia Tributary of Yoho

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

6 Ribbon (Yosemite) California Creek flowing into Yosemite 7 Upper Yosemite California Yosemite Creek, tributary of Merced 8 Gavarnie Southwest France Gave de Pau 9 Vettisfoss Norway Morkedola 10 Windows Tears

(Yosemitte) California Tributary of Merced

11 Staubbach Switzerland Staubbach (Lauter-brunnen Valley) 12 Middle Cascade

(Yosemite) California Yosemite Creek, tributary of Merced

13 King Edward VIII Guyana Courantyne 14 Jog Falls (Gersoppa) Karnataka, India Sharavati 15 Kaieteur Guyana Potaro 16 Skykje Norway In Skykjedal (valley of Inner

Hardinger Fjord) 17 King Georges Cape of Good Hope South

Africa Orange

18 Illilouette California Illolouette Creek, tributary of Merced 19 Victoria Rhodesia-Zambia boundary Zambezi 20 Handol Sweden Handol Creek 21 Lower Yosemite California Yosemite 22 Comet (Mt. Rainier

Park) Washington Van Trump Creek

23 Vernal (Yosemite) California Merced 24 Virginia Northwest Territories,

Canada South Nehanni, tributary of Mackenzie

25 Lower Yellowstone Wyoming Yellowstone

Independence Days of Some Countries

SI. No. Countries Countries Independence Dates 1. Afghanistan 19th August 2. Armenia 28th May 3. Australia 4th January 4. U.S.A. 4th July 5. Bangladesh 16th December 6. Belgium 21st July 7. Brazil 7th September 8. Canada 1st July 9. China 10th October

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10. Chile 18th September 11. Colombia 20th July 12. Finland 6th December 13. France 14th July 14. Greece 25th March 15. India 15th August 16. Indonesia 17th August 17. Israel 3rd April 18. Italy 26th March 19. Japan 29th April 20. Korea 15th August 21. Mexico 16th September 22. Myanmar 4th January 23. Maldives 26th July 24. Norway 17th May 25. Philippines 12th June 26. Peru 28th July 27. Poland 3rd May 28. Portugal 5th October 29. Pakistan 14th August 30. Rwanda 5th July 31. Sri Lanka 4th February 32. Switzerland 1st August 33. Spain 10th April 34. Thailand 24th June 35. Turkey 1st November 36. Uzbekistan 1st September 37. Ukraine 24th August 38. Uganda 9th October 39. Zimbabwe 18th April

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Inventions and Discoveries

Inventions Inventors

Air Brake George Westinghouse Antiseptic Surgery Lord Joseph Lister Archimedean Screw Archimedies Avogadro's Hypothesis Avogadro Atomic Number Mosley Atomic Theory Dalton Atomic Structure Bohr and Rutherford Automobile Daimler Barometer Torricelli Beri - Beri Eijkman Bicycle Macmillian Blood Circulation Harvey Boson S.N.Bose Boyle's law Boyle Braille Louis Braille Breaking up the Nucleus of an atom Rutherford Celluloid Parkes Chloroform James Harrison and James Young Simpson Cholera Bacillus Robert Koch Cinematography Thomas Alva Edison Coloured Photography Lippman Crescograph J.C.Bose Crystal Dynamics C.V.Raman Cyclotron Lawrence D.D.T. Dr.Paul Muller Deuterium (Heavy Water) H.C.Urey Diesel Oil Engine Rudolf Diesel Discovery of Solar System Copernicus (1540) Discovery of Laws of Planetary Motion Kepler Discovery of Specific Gravity Archimedes Dynamite Alfred Nobel Dynamo Faraday Dynamical theory of Heat Lord Kelvin Discovery of Electrons J.J.Thomson Electric Battery Volta Electric Lamp Edison Electricity Faraday Electron Theory Bohr

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Electromagnetic Theory Maxwell Electric Measurement Gauss Effect of Pressure on trough bodies Meghnad Saha Fahrenheit Scale Fahrenheit Film & Photographic goods Kodak Fundamental Laws of Electric Attraction Coulomb Fountain Pen Waterman Geometry Euclid Gun powder Rogei Bacon Gramophone Thomas Alva Edison Helicopter Broquett Homoeopathy Hahnemann Hydrophobia Louis Pasteur Induction of Electric Current Faraday Incandescent Bulb Edison Insulin F.Banting Intelligence test Binet Jet Propulsion Frank Whittle Kala-azar Fever U.N.Brahmachari Lift (Elevators) Otis Lightning Conductor Benjamin Franklin Laws of Electrical Resistance Ohm Law of Electrolysis Faraday Law of gases Gay Lussac Laws of Gravitation Newton Laws of Heredity Gregory Mandel Logarithms John Napier Laws of Motion Newton Laws of Natural Selections Darwin Laws of Multiple Proportion Dalton Mathematical Astro Physics Chandrasekhar Measurement of Electrical Energy Joule, James Prescoft Machine Gun Dr.Gatting Mechanical Equivalent of Heat Joules Microphone Berliner Microscope Janes Neutron Chadwick Nuclear Fission Otto Hahn, Bohr and Fermi Origin of Species Charles Darwin Oxygen Priestly Penicillin Fleming Phonograph Edison Principle for lever Archimedes

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Positive Electrons Anderson Printing for the Blind Braille Printing Press Caxton Printing Types John Guttenberg Psycho-analysis Dr.Sigmund Freud Quantum Theory Max plank Raman effect C.V.Raman Radium Madame Curie Railway Engine Stephenson Rare Gas Cavandish Replacing human heart Christian Barnard Revolver Colt Safety Lamp Davy Safety Razor Gillet Seismograph Roberts Mallet Space flying Braun, Dr.Wernher Von Steam Engine James Watt Steam Turbine Parsons Stethoscope Laennec Submarine Bushwell Theory of Relativity Einstein Theory of Evolution Darwin Tank Swinton Telephone Graham Bell Telescope Galileo Television Baird Thermometer Galileo Transistor Shockley Typewriter Sholes Uranium fusion Oho Hahn Wireless Communication Oliver Lodge Wireless Telegraphy Marcony X - Rays Roentgen

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Famous Lakes of the World

Name and location Area in sq km Length in sq km Caspian Sea, CIS - Iran 394,299 1,199 Superior, USA - Canada 82,414 616 Victoria, Tanzania Uganda 69,485 322 Aral, CIS 66,457 428 Huron, USA - Canada 59,596 397 Michigan, USA 58,016 517 Tanganyika 32,893 676 Baikal, CIS 31,500 636 Great Bear, Canada 31,080 373 Nyasa, Malawi - Mozambique - Tanzania 31,044 579 Great Slave, Canada 28,930 480 Chad, Chad - Niger - Nigeria 25,760 - Erie, USA - Canada 25,719 388 Winnipeg, Canada 23,553 425 Ontario, USA - Canada 19,477 311 Balkash, CIS 18,428 605 Ladoga, CIS 18,130 200 Onega, CIS 9,891 248 Titicaca, Bolivia - Peru 8,135 177 Nicaragua, Nicaragua 8,001 177 Athabaska, Canada 7,920 335 Rudolf, Kenya 6,405 248 Reindeer, Canada 6,330 245 Eyre, South Australia 6,216 209 Issyk - Kul, CIS 6,200 182 Urmia, Iran 6,001 130 Torrens South Australia 5,698 209 Vanern, Sweden 5,545 140 Winnipegosis, Canada 5,403 245 Mobuto Sese Seko, Uganda 5,299 161 Nettilling, Baffin Island, Canada 5,051 113 Nipigon, Canada 4,843 116 Manitoba, Canada 4,706 225 Great Salt, USA 4,662 121 Kioga, Uganda 4,403 80 Koko - Not, China 4,222 106

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

First and Last 10 Nations

Sr. No.

Biggest Nations (Area

Wise)

Biggest Nations (Population Wise) Smallest Nations

(Area Wise)

Smallest Nations (Population Wise)

1. Russia China Vatican City Vatican City 2. Canada India Monaco Tuvalu 3. China USA Nauru Nauru 4. USA Indonesia Tuvalu Palau 5. Brazil Brazil San Marino San Marino 6. Australia Pakistan Liechtenstein Monaco 7. India Russia Marshall

Islands Liechtenstein

8. Argentina Bangladesh Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Kitts and Nevis

9. Kazakhastan Japan Maldives Antigua and Barbados 10. Sudan Nigeria Malta Dominica

City on a River

City Name of Rivers Antwerp Scheldt Baghdad Tigris Bangkok Chao Praya Belgrade Danube Berlin Spree Bonn Rhine Bristol Avon Brussels Seine Budapest Danube Buenos Aires La Plata Cairo Nile Chittagong Karnafuli Chungking Yangtze-Kiang Cologne Rhine Dublin Liffey Dresden Elbe Gdansk Vistula

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Glasgow Clyde Hamburg Elbe Hankow Yangtze Kabul Kabul Karachi Sindh Khartoum Nile Lahore Ravi Leh Indus Lisbon Tagus London Thames Madrid Manzaneres Montreal St. Lawrence Moscow Moskova New Castle Tyne New Orleans Mississippi New York Hudson Ottawa St. Lawrence Philadelphia Delaware Paris Siene Quebec St. Lawrence Rangoon Irrawaddy Rome Tiber Shanghai Yangtze St. Louis Mississippi Sydney Darling Vienna Danube Warsaw Vistuala Washington Polomec

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

List of Highest Mountain Peaks

Region Famous Mountain Peaks Height (m) Everest (Himalaya - Nepal / Tibet) Asia 8,848 Godwin Austen (Karakoram - India) Asia 8,611 Kanchenjunga (Himalaya India / Nepal) Asia 8,598 Lhotse (Himalaya - Nepal - China) Asia 8,501 Makalu (Himalaya - Nepal) Asia 8,470 Dhaulagiri (Himalaya - Nepal) Asia 8,172 Nanga Parvat (Himalaya - Nepal) Asia 8,126 Gasherbrum (Karakoram - Tibet) Asia 8,068 Gosainthan (Himalaya - Tibet) Asia 8,013 Nanda Devi (Himalaya - India) Asia 7,817 Aconcagua (Andes - Argentina) South America 6,960 McKinley (Alaska - USA) North America 6,194 Kilimanjaro (Solitary - Tanzania) Africa 5,888 Elbrus (Caucasus - CIS) Europe 5,633 Mont Blanc (Alp - France) Europe 4,810 Vinson Massif Antartica 5,139 Caestensz (Nassau Range) New Guinea,Oceania 5,000

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Wildlife Sanctuaries in India

Name Place State Chandraprabha Sanctuary Varanasi Uttar Pradesh Dachigam Sanctuary Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir Ghana Bird Sanctuary Bharatpur Rajasthan Ghatprabha Bird Sanctuary Belgaum Karnataka Jaldapara Sanctuary Jalpaiguri West Bengal Kutree Game Sanctuary Bestar Madhya Pradesh Manas Tigar Sanctuary Barpeta Assam Melapattu Bird Sanctuary Nellor Andra Pradesh Mudumalai Sanctuary Nilgiris Tamil Nadu Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctury Ahmedabad Gujarat Palamau Tiger Sanctuary Daltonganj Bihar Periyar Sanctuary Idduki Kerala Ranganthittoo Bird Sanctuary Sawai Madhopur Rajasthan Ranthambhor Tiger Sanctuary Sawai Madhopur Rajasthan Similipal Tiger Sanctuary Mayurbhanj Orissa Sultanpur Lake Bird Sanctuary Gurgaon Haryana Sunderbans Tiger Sanctuary 24-Parganas West Bengal

Stock Exchanges in India

Name City The Bombay Stock Exchange Dalal Street, Mumbai The Ahmedabad Stock Exchange Association Ltd Ahmedabad Bangalore Stock Exchange Ltd,. Bangalore Bhubaneshwar Stock Exchange Assn., Ltd,. Bhubaneswar The Culcutta Stock Exchange Association Ltd,. Calcutta Cochin Stock Exchange Ltd Cochin The Delhi Stock Exchange Assn. Ltd New Delhi The Gauhati Stock Exchange Ltd Guwahati The Hyderabad Stock Exchange Ltd Hyderabad Jaipur Stock Exchange Ltd Jaipur Kanara Stock Exchange Ltd Mangalore The Ludhiana Stock Exchange Assn. Ltd. Ludhiana Madras Stock Exchnage Ltd. Chennai Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange Ltd. Indore The Magadh Stock Exchange Ltd. Patna Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange Ltd., Rajkot The Uttar Pradesh Stock Exchange Assn. Ltd. Kanpur Vadodara Stock Exchange Ltd. Vadodara

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Coimbatore Stock Exchange Coimbatore Otc Exchange Of India. Bombay The National Stock Exchange Of India Ltd. Mumbai

Famous Cities/Places in World

Name Famous For Abadan(Iran) Famous for oil refinery Alaska (U.S.A.) In 1958 it was declared as 49th State of U.S.A. Alexandria City and sea-port of Egypt, founded by Alexander the Great. Angkor Wat Ruined temple in Cambodia. Aswam Dam A dam in Egypt across the River Nile. Baku Oilfields of Azerbaijan. Bethlehem A town Palestine, the birth place of Christ. Bikini Atoll In Pacific Ocean, where first hydrogen bomb was tested by U.S.A. Buckingham Palace London residence of the British monarch. Chushul In Ladakh, highest airfield in the world. Chinese troops attacked it in 1962. Detroit (U.S.A) The biggest car manufacturing town in the world. Elephanta Caves (India) Situated in an island 15 miles from Bombay.

Famous for the statues of Siva and Parvati. Gaza Strip In West Asia near border of Egypt.

Under Israeli occupation. Gibraltar Key to Mediterranean, fortress and naval base situated on rock in the extreme

South of Spain. Golden Temple (India) Famous temple of the Sikhs at Amritsar, constructed by Guru Ram Dass. Hiroshima An industrial center of Japan which was destroyed by atom bomb in 1945. Jerusalem City in Israel. Jesus Christ was crucified here (now capital of Israel) Khajuraho It is the State of chattarpur, Bundelkhand in Madhya Pradesh.

It is famous for Mahadev Temple. Khorkov Important town of Ukraine, manufactures motor cars, tractors and agricultural

machinery. Lop Nor Palace in Sinkiang (Red China), site for atomic tests. Los Angeles A part of California (U.S.A.)

The famous film industry of Hollywood is established here.

Manchester (U.K.) Cotton manufacturing city. It is one of the world's biggest cloth manufacturing center.

Marseilles City and Seaport of Southern France. Famous for silk, wine, olive soap, margarine and candles.

Mecca (Saudi Arabia) Sacred place of the Muslims because Prophet Mohammed was born here. Montreal Longest city of Canada. Famous for iron and steel works and motor car factories. Nagasaki (Japan) It is noted for its iron and steel industries. Atom was dropped here during World

War II. New Castle An important port on the Tyne in England, famous for coal industry.

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New Orleans (U.S.A.) It is the greatest cotton and wheat exporting center in the world. Osaka (Japan) Known as the Manchester of Japan. It is sometimes called the Venice of Japan. Pisa In Italy, famous for Leaning Tower, one of the seven wonders of the world. Pentagon Headquarters of American Defence Forces. Potala Dalai Lama's palace at Lhasa (Tibet). Sinai Peninsula of Egypt between the Gulfs of Suez and Aquba.

Is at the head of Red Sea. Seychelles Island in Indian Ocean, got freedom on June 28, 1976. Vatican Official residence of the Pope of Rome. Versailles (France) Famous for the treaty of Versailles which ended World War I in 1918. Walling Wall Part of the Western Wall of the Temple Court in Jerusalem. Part of the wall,

probably dates from the time of Solomon, is regarded by both Jews and Moslems as one of special sanctity.

Wall Street In Manhattan, New York, famous for American's stock exchange market. White House The official residence of the President of U.S.A. in Washington D.C.

VOLCANOES

Name Country Ojos dei Saldo Argentina-Chile Cotopaxi Ecuador Lascar Chile Popocatepetl Mexico Nevado del Ruiz Colombia Sangay Ecuador Purace Colombia Mauna Loa USA Tacana Guatemala Cameroon Mt. Cameroon Erebus Antarctica Pico de Teide Spain Nyirangongo Zaire Mt. Etna Italy Mt. Unzen Japan mt.Pinatubo Philippines Barren Island (andaman) India Tajumulco Guatemala

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

About Continents

Name Area in Square Kilometers

% of Earth's Area

Highest Point in meters

Lowest Point in meters

Asia 43 998 000 29.5 Everest [8848] Dead Sea [-396.8] Africa 29 800 000 20.0 Kilimanjaro [5894] Dead Sea [-156.1] North America

21 510 000 16.3 McKinely [6194] Death Valley [-85.9]

South America

17 598 000 11.8 Aconcagua [6960] Valdes Penin [-39.9]

Europe 9 699 550 6.5 Elbrus [5663] Caspian Sea [-28.0] Australia 7 699 000 5.2 Kosciusko [2228] Lake Eyre [-15.8] Antarctica 13 600 000 9.6 Vinson Massif

[5140]

World's Deserts

Name Area in Sq. Km Territories

The Sahara 84,00,000 Algeria Chad, Libya, Mauritania, Sudan, Tunisia, Egypt, Motocca, etc.

Australian Desert 15,50,000 Australia, Great Victoria, Simpson, etc. Arabian Desert 13,00,000 Southern Arabia, Iraq, Yamen etc. The Gobi 10,40,000 Mongolia and China Kalahari Desert 5,20,000 Botswana Takla Makan 3,20,000 Sinkiang, China Sonoran Desert 3,10,000 Arizona and California, U.S.A., and Mexico Namib Desert 3,10,000 Namibia Kara Kum 2,70,000 Turkmanistan Thar Desert 2,60,000 Northwestern India and Pakistan Somall Desert 2,60,000 Somalia Atacama Desert 1,80,000 Northern Chile Kizil Kum 1,80,000 Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan Dasht-e-Lut 52,000 Eastern Iran Mojave Desert 35,000 Southern Californis Desierto De Sechura 26,000 North-West 'Peru'

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Islands of the World

Island Location Area Km2 Greenland North Atlantic 2,175,600 New Guinea South-West Pacific 777,000 Borneo West mid-Pacific 725,545 Madagascar Indian Ocean 587,042 Baffin North Atlantic 476,065 Sumatra Northeast Indian Ocean 473,600 Honshu Sea of Jappan-Pacific 228,000 Great Britain Off Coast North-West Europe 218,041 Ellesmere Artic Ocean 196,236 Victoria I Artic Ocean 212,197 Celebes West Mid-Pacific 189,035 South Islands South Pacific 150,460 Java Indiand Ocean 126,295 North Island South Pacific 114,687 Cuba Carribbean Sea 114,522 Newfoundland North Atlantic 112,300 Luzon West mid-Pacific 104,688 Iceland North Atlantic 102,999 Mindanao West mid-Pacific 94,226 Ireland West of Great Britain 82,460 Hokkaido Sea of Japan-Pacific 77,900 Hispaniola Caribbean Sea 76,192 Tasmania South of Australia 67,900 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) Indian Ocean 65,600 Sakhalin (Karafuto) North of Japan 63,610 Banks Artic Ocean 60,166 Devon Artic Ocean 54,030 Kyushu Sea of Japan-Pacific 42,018 Melville Artic Ocean 41,805 Axel Heriberg Artic Ocean 40,868 Southampton Hudson bay 40,663

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Important Rivers of World

Rivers Outflow Length Nile Mediterranean Sea 6,690 Amazon Atlantic Ocean 6,296 Mississippi Missouri Gulf of Mexico 6,020 Yangtze-Kiang China Sea 5,797 Ob Gulf of Ob 5,567 Yellow (Hwang Ho) Gulf of Chihli 4,667 Yenisey Arctic Ocean 4,506 Parana Rio de la plata 4,498 Irtish Ob River 4,438 Congo Atlantic Ocean 4,371 Amur Tatar Strait 4,352 Lena Artic Ocean 4,268 Mackenzie Beaufort Sea (Artic Ocean) 4,241 Niger Gulf of Guinea 4,184 Mekong South China Sea 4,023 Mississippi Gulf of Mexico 3,779 Missouri Mississippi River 3,726 Volga Caspian Sea 3,687 Maderia Amazon River 3,238 Purus Amazon River 3,207 Sao Francisco Atlantic Ocean 3,198 St. Lawrence Gulf of St. Lawrence 3,058 Yukon Bering Sea 3,058 Rio Grande Gulf of Mexico 3,034 Brahmaputra Ganges River 2,897 Indus Arabian Sea 2,897 Danube Black Sea 2,842 Euphrates Shatt-al-Arab 2,799 Darling Murray River 2,739 Zambezi Mozambique Channel 2,736 Tocantins Para River 2,699 Murrary Indian Ocean 2,589 Nelson Hudson Bay 2,574 Paraguay Parana River 2,549 Ural Caspian Sea 2,533 Ganges Bay of Bengal 2,506 Amu Darya (Oxus) Aral Sea 2,414 Japura Amazon River 2,414

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Salween Gulf of Martaban 2,414 Arkansas Mississippi River 2,333 Colorado Gulf of California 2,333 Dnieper Black Sea 2,284 Ohio Alledheny Mississippi River 2,102 Irrawaddy Bay of Bengal 2,092 Orange Atlantic Ocean 2,092 Orinoco Atlantic Ocean 2,062 Pilcomayo Paraguay River 1,999 Xi Jiang (Si Kiang) China Sea 1,989 Columbia Pacific Ocean 1,983 Don Sea of Azov 1,968 Sungari Amur River 1,955 Saskatchewan Lake Winnipeg 1,939 Peace Great Slave River 1,923 Tigris Shatt-al-Arb 1,899

SCIENTIFIC MEASURES

Measures Details

AMPERE

Unit of electric current. Equal to the flow of 6.241 x 1018 electrons per second.

CALORY Calory is the unit of heat. It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature or one gram of water through 10 C

KNOT Knot is a measure to know the speed of a ship. HORSE POWER

The practical unit of power - the power of an agent which can work at the rate of 550 foot-pounds per second or 33,000 foot-pounds per minute 1 HP=746 watts.

WATT Unit of power - the rate of work done in joules per second; the energy expended per second by an unvarying electric current of 1 ampere.

VOLT The unit of potential difference. It is that much potential difference which when applied to the ends of an electrical conductor of resistance one ohm, the amount of energy consumed in the circuit in one second is one Joule (=107 ergs).

PRESSURE

The pressure is expressed in pounds weight per sq cm. The pressure of the atmosphere is expressed in millibars. One millibar = 1 dyne per sq cm. If the pressure is very high, they are expressed in multiples of atmospheric pressure. 1 atmosphere is a pressure exerted by a column of mercury 76 cm high at sea level

JOULE Joule is the unit of work or energy. It is the energy consumed in one second in an electrical circuit through which a current energy of one ampere is flowing against a

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

potential difference of one volt. ANGSTROM The unit of wavelength of light is Angstrom

1 Angstrom = 10-8 cm. NAUTICAL MILE

A unit of distance used in navigation - one minute of longitude measured along the Equator. A Nautical Mile is approximately equal to 6, 080 feet.

ATOMIC WEIGHT

The weight of an atom of hydrogen is taken as the standard; the respective weights of the atoms of all other substances are expressed in terms of hydrogen

Instruments in Daily Use

Name of Instrument Purpose of Instrument

Thermometer Measure the temperature Spring balance Measures the mass/weight of body Altimeter Barometer used in measuring altitudes Sphygmomanometer Measure blood pressure Ammeter Strength of an electric current Anemometer Measure the velocity of wind and find the direction of the wind Refractometer To measure refractive index of a substance Barometer Atmospheric pressure Calorimeter Quantities of heat Salinometer Decides salinity of the water Clinical Thermometer

Temperature of human body

Dynamo Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy Galvanometer Measures electric current Hydrometer Relative density of liquids Hydrophone Measures sound under water Hygrometer Relative humidity of the atmosphere Hygroscope Changes in atmospheric humidity Lactometer Relative density of milk Micrometer Measure small distances or angles Television Transmitting the visible moving images by means of wireless waves Manometer Measure the pressure of gases Seismograph Decides the intensity of earthquake Magnetometer Compare the magnetic moments and fields Mariner's Compass Determining direction on a ship Telescope View distant objects as magnified Planimeter Measure area of a plane surface Pyknometer Measure the density and co-efficient of expansion of fluid

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

Pyrometers thermometers to measure high temperatures Rain gauge Measuring rainfall Stethoscope For hearing and analyzing the sound of heart and lungs Vernier Caliper Adjustable instrument with sub divisions for measuring small sub-divisions

of scale Viscometer Measuring the viscosity Voltmeter Measures electrical potential difference between two points in an electric

circuit

Important of Laws in Science

Laws Explanation ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE When a body is immersed either wholly or partially in a fluid at rest, the

apparent loss of weight suffered by it is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it.

AVOGADRO's LAW Equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules.

CENTRE OF GRAVITY A body will remain at rest only if the vertical line through the centres of gravity passes through the base of support of the body

BOILING POINT It increases with the increase of pressure. The presence of impurities also raises the boiling point of a liquid

COULOMB'S LAW The force between the two electric charges reduces to a quarter of its former value when the distance between them is doubled

FARADAY'S LAWS OF ELECTROLYSIS

The amount of chemical change during electrolysis is proportional to the charge passed. The masses of substances liberated or deposited by the same quantity of electric charge are proportional to their chemical equivalents

MASS - ENERGY EQUATION

E = mc2 where E = quantity of energy released from the annihilation of matter of mass 'm' c = velocity of light

BLACK BODY RADIATION Black body absorbs heat or radiates heat more quickly than any other body.

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER

In chemical changes, matter is neither created nor destroyed. The sum total of the masses of all the products of a chemical change is exactly equal to the sum total of the substances from which these products have been formed.

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

The amount of heat given to a system is equal to the sum of the increase in the internal energy of the system and the external work done. It is impossible to construct a continuous self-acting machine that can pump heat energy from a body at lower temperature to a body at higher temperature.

NEWTON'S UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION

Everybody in the universe attracts every other body with a force, directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION

First Law (Law of Inertia) Everybody continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by a force Second Law The rate of change of momentum of a moving body is proportional to the applied force and takes place in the direction of the force. Third Law For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

LENZ'S LAW When an electric current is induced by a change in magnetic field, the induced current is always in such a direction that its magnetic field opposes the change of field which causes the induction

OHM'S LAW The amount of current flowing in an electric circuit is governed by the voltage of the battery on dynamo which powers it. In other words, the current through a conductor is directly proportional the potential difference across the conductor and inversely proportional to its resistance.

SYNERGY STUDY POINT

List of Famous Indian Dancers

Dancer Name Dance Type Classical Dancers

Anita Ratnam Bharatanatyam, Mohiniattam and Kathakali Chitra Vishweswaran Bharatanatyam Mallika Sarabhai Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi Padma Subramanyam Bharatanatyam

Pandit Birju Maharaj Kathak Sonal Mansingh Odissi Yamini Krishnamurthy Bharatnatyam and Kuchipudi T. Balasaraswati Bharatanatyam Indrani Rehman Odissi Protima Gowri Odissi Sitara Devi Kathak Shovana Narayan Kathak Radha Reddy Kuchipudi Raja Reddy Kuchipudi Anjana Rajan Bharatanatyam Purvi Sheth Bharatanatyam Rema Shrikant Bharatanatyam and Mohiniyattam Contemporary Indian Dancers

Uday Shankar Indian Ballet Ashley Lobo Jazz, Classical Ballet and Contemporary Dance Shiamak Dawar Jazz and Contemporary Dance

Vaibhavi Merchant Choreographer Saroj Khan Choreographer Manjushree Chaki-Sarkar Varied Choreographic Productions Ranjabati Sarkar Varied Choreographic Productions

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