AW 450 kwicknotes

AW 450-43LE

Preliminary Information About aTransmission You’ll Be Seeing Soon!

Produced by AAMCO Transmissions Inc.Technical Services Department

AW 450-43LE KWIK NOTES

34

Table of ContentsAW 450-43LE TRANSMISSION ................................................. 1

Construction .................................................................................. 2

Electrical Diagnosis ...................................................................... 3

Typical TCM Connector Pin Layout......................................... 11

Clutch & Solenoid Application Chart ...................................... 12

Specifications ............................................................................... 13

Torque Specifications.................................................................. 16

Component Parts ........................................................................ 17

Oil Pump ...................................................................................... 20

Overdrive Planetary Gear ......................................................... 21

Overdrive Brake ......................................................................... 22

Continued......


35

Table of ContentsFront Clutch ................................................................................ 23

Rear Clutch ................................................................................. 24

Second Brake............................................................................... 25

Planetary Gears, One-Way Clutch and Output Shaft ............. 26

First and Reverse Brake............................................................. 27

Extension Housing ...................................................................... 28

Valve Body ................................................................................... 29


1

AW 450-43LE TRANSMISSION


2

egnaRdeepSenignE

gnildI gnillatS

D 487-925)411-77(

0841-099)512-441(

R 7211-557)461-011(

7012-1041)603-302(

Construction

Line Pressure Test

Line Pressure Test Port kPa(PSI)

1. Torque Converter Housing2. Torque Converter3. Transmission Case4. Overdrive Direct Clutch5. Overdrive Brake6. Overdrive One-way Clutch7. Overdrive Planetary gear8. Front Clutch9. 2nd Brake

10. Rear Clutch11. Front Planetary Gear12. No. 2 One-way Clutch13. 1st and Reverse Brake14. Rear Planetary Gear15. Parking Lock Gear16. Output Shaft17. Overdrive Input Shaft18. Oil Pump

19. Oil Pan20. Valve Body21. Input Shaft22. PTO Drive Gear23. Intermediate Shaft24. Extension Housing25. Speedmeter Drive Gear


3

Electrical Diagnosis

Isuzu NPR, GMC Tiltmaster 1999

Checking CodesLocate the green 3-pin Data Link Connector (DLC) under the left side of the dash near the brakemaster cylinder (See Figure 1). You may also find a 16-pin OBD II type DLC. In either case usethe green 3-pin connector. To retrieve trouble codes use a suitable jumper to connect the twooutside terminals of the DLC. With the jumper in place any trouble codes present will be displayedon the “CHECK TRANS” light (See Figure 3). The codes will appear as groups of short flashes.For example a code 31 would look like this: flash-flash-flash pause flash = 31. Each code will bedisplayed three times. If no faults are present code “1” will flash repeatedly.

Clearing Codes1. Turn the ignition switch on but do not start the engine.2. Connect a suitable jumper wire between the two outside terminals of the green 3-pin DLC.3. Shift the transmission to the NEUTRAL position.4. Depress the brake pedal fully.5. Depress the accelerator pedal fully.4. If memory is clear the “CHECK TRANS” light will flash rapidly for 10 seconds.

Isuzu NPR, GMC Tiltmaster 2000-2003

Checking CodesLocate the 16 pin OBD II type Data Link Connector (DLC) under the left side of the dash near the brake master cylinder. Connect a suitable jumper wire between terminal 11 and terminal 4 or 5 ofthe DLC (See Figure 2). Flashes of the “CHECK TRANS” light will display any trouble codespresent (See Figure 3). The codes will appear as groups of short flashes. For example a code 31would look like this: Flash-flash-flash pause flash = 31. Each code will be displayed three times. Ifno faults are present code 1will flash repeatedly.

Clearing Codes1. Turn the ignition switch on but do not start the engine.2. Connect a suitable jumper wire between terminal 11 and terminal 4 or 5 of the DLC.3. Shift the transmission to the NEUTRAL position.4. Depress the brake pedal fully.5. Depress the accelerator pedal fully.4. If memory is clear the “CHECK TRANS” light will flash rapidly for 10 seconds.


4

1 2 4 6 7 81516139 1112

Green 3-Pin Diagnostic Connector LocationIsuzu, Tiltmaster

Figure 1

Figure 2 OBDII Diagnostic Connector LocationIsuzu, Tiltmaster

143 5

10


5

Figure 3 Check Trans LightIsuzu, Tiltmaster

99-03


6


Checking CodesLocate the group of diagnostic connectors under the left side of the dash near the drivers kick panel. Using a suitable jumper connect diagnostic connector I-14 (blue/yellow wire) and 1-15 (blackwire) together (See Figure 4). Flashes of the “ATM” warning light will display any trouble codespresent (See Figure 5). The codes will appear as groups of short flashes. For example a code 31would look like this: Flash-flash-flash pause flash = 31. Each code will be displayed three times. Ifno faults are present code 1will flash repeatedly.

Clearing Codes1. Turn the ignition switch on but do not start the engine.2. Connect diagnostic connectors 1-14 and 1-15 together.3. Place the shift lever in the PARK position.4. Depress the brake pedal fully.5. Depress the accelerator pedal fully.6. When the memory is cleared the “ATM” warning indictor will flash rapidly for 10 seconds.7. If the memory is not cleared repeat procedure as necessary.

Nissan UD 1999-2003

Code list Isuzu, GMC Tiltmaster, Nissan UD

Code Description11. Vehicle Speed Sensor #1 (on transmission)13. Engine Revolution Sensor15. ATF Temperature Sensor17. Inhibitor Switch21. Accelerator Sensor24. Vehicle Speed Sensor #2 (on transmission)31. Shift Solenoid A32. Shift Solenoid B33. Timing Solenoid34. Lock-up Solenoid35. Line Pressure Solenoid37. Exhaust Brake System38. Engine Warm-up Cut System*

* Isuzu, Tiltmaster Only


7

Figure 5 ATM Warning LightNissan UD

Manual Code Retrieval


8


Mitsubishi Fuso 1999-2003

Checking CodesTurn the ignition switch on but do not start the engine. Disconnect the Diagnosis Switch connectorlocated under the dash to the left of the steering column (See Figure 6). The Diagnosis Switchconnector will have a green/blue wire one side and a black wire on the other. Flashes of the automatic transmission warning light will display any trouble codes present (See Figure 7). Long flashesindicate tens and short flashes indicate ones. For example code 24 would look like this:long-long-short-short-short-short = 24. Each code will be displayed three times. If no faults arepresent code 1 will flash repeatedly.

Clearing Codes MO35A41. Keep the Diagnosis Switch connector connected2. Turn the ignition key on but do not start the engine.3. Disconnect the Memory Clear Switch (See Figure 6) connector located under the dash to the left of the steering column. The Memory Clear Switch connector will have a black/white wire on one side and a black wire on the other.4. After more than one second reconnect the Memory Clear Switch connector.5. After three seconds the codes will be cleared.

Code List Mitsubishi FusoCode Description11 Abnormal Power Supply Voltage12 Vehicle Speed Sensor #113 ATF Temperature Sensor15 Engine Revolution Sensor24 Accelerator Sensor25 Vehicle Speed Sensor #231 Shift Solenoid A32 Shift Solenoid B34 Line Pressure Solenoid35 Lock-Up Solenoid43 Inhibitor Switch50 PTO Solenoid51 Timing Solenoid54 Exhaust bake system58 PWM Signal


9

DiagnosisSwitch Memory

ClearSwitch

Fuso 1999-2003

Automatic Transmission Warning Light

Figure 6 Diagnostic Switch ConnectorMitsubishi Fuso 99-03

Figure 7Mitsubishi Fuso 99-03


10

B-79

B-79

B-79

B-79

Data Link

Connector

Green 3 Pin

J-19 (3) Relay; Eng Warm Cut2

J-19 (4) Relay; Eng Warm Cut 2

V-2 (1) VSV; FISD

B-233 (14) ECM

J-18 (2) Relay; EXH Brake Cont

B-110 (7) EBCM

F-10 10A

Stop Light1

B-660.5G/Y

SW; Stop Light

B-66

F-12 10A

Meter Back (1) ECM

0.5B

/Y

H-129

3B/Y

3

B6 7

B-518

OFF

ACC

ON

ST

STARTER SWITCH

5W

2

B

B6 7

3W/B

1H7

2

H6

5W

3W/B

0.5B

/Y

FL-2 50A

KEY SW

8W

FL-1 80A

MAIN

8B2L

B-233

1 3

0.3O

H1 2

0.5LG/R

2H 12Relay;Tail

B-22 (5)

0.3OB-51

B-515 0.3O/B

9

B-512 2 0

H-4 1 J-129

0.5Y/G 0.5Y/G

OD OFF

CHECK TRANS

AT OIL TEMP

P.1

P.3

P.4

P.5

FRAME

0.5B/Y

J-12 (5) RELAY;STARTER

0.5B/Y

1

B-231

Illum. Cont

(3)H-12

5

0.5LG/B2

N 1

N 1

N 1

N 1

0.5B

4

SW;O

D O

FF

0.3O 6B-230

8

9B-229

1 5B-230SW;ATF

TCM

B-160

5

4

7

11

0.5B

0.5B

0.3Y

0.5B/W

2

8

B-229

B-230

0.5LG/W 1 8H-4

0.5LG/W 1 2B-230

0.5B/R 1 9 H-4 0.5B/R 2 3 B-229

0.5L/G 8H-4 0.5L/G B-230

4

0.5L/G

1

B-230

0.5B/G 2 4H-5 0.5B/G 2 2 B-229

0.5R/B 1 1B-230

Stop Light

2 0.5G 0.5G 1 2B-231

0.3LG

B-232

4 90.5L/O

1

B-229

Joint Connector2

B-233 (7) ECM0.5B/G 1 6

B-230

J-71

B-229

2 5 0.5BR/GH-40.5BR/G 5

B-229

1 3 0.5BR/YH-4

0.5BR/Y 4J-71

B-2291 2 0.5BR/R4

H-40.5BR/R J-71

B-229

1 1 0.5BR/BH-40.5BR/B 2

J-71

B-229

2 4 0.5BR/WH-40.5BR/W 8J-71

VEHICLE

LOCK UP SOL

TIMING SOL

SHIFT SOL S2

SHIFT SOL S1

1 2

3

9

1 3

5

H-47

3B-229

H-4

0.5L/Y

0.5L/G J-73

J-7320.5P1 6B-229

B-2291 5

B-229

B-229

6

0.5L/Y

0.5L/Y 6

J-71

2 0 0.5Y0.5YJ-71

B-2292 6 0.5BR 0.5BR 1

J-71

3

0.5L

1 0

2

6

1 4

H-4 1H-4

H-4

H-4

SP2

LINE PRRESS SOL

OIL TEMP SENSOR

0.5B

B-2294

B-55 (2) METER

1 8 1

B-80

B-80

B-80

B-229

B-229

5 2

1 9 3 GND

5V

THROTTLESENSOR

SW;KICKDOWN

B-2307

B-2318

3

B-229

B-231

0.5B1B-76 B-76

2

2

0.5R/W

0.5L/Y

0.5B

0.5GR/L7

0.3W

JOINTCONNECTOR

2

0.5R/G

B-29

J-69B-2310.5L/W 2

0.5L/R 3

0.5L/O 4

H-4

0.5W/R 6

9 0.5R/L H-5 2 9 0.5R/L 7

3 0.5W/R 7 0.5W/R 5J-69

BACK UP LIGHT SW;INHIBITOR

J-69B-231

B-231

6 0.5L/W

H-41 1 0.5L/R

H-4

1 6J-69

1 0 0.5L/O

H-4

1 7 J-69

4 0.5W/R 1 1J-69

1 5

B-231

B-231

B-231

0.5B

B-73B

P

R

N

D

2

1

J-9

P.2

0.5B/R 1 2

J-6980.5B/Y2 2H-5

J-69B

C

P

J-699

2B

NN 0.5B

H-4

1

8

2B

Typical Wiring Diagram


11

Typical TCM Connector Pin Layout

B229 B230 B231

13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 126 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 116 15 14 13 12 11 10 9

6 5 4 3 2 112 11 10 9 8 7

(26 pin) (16 pin) (12 pin)

Pin No. FunctionB231-1 Ignition signalB231-2 Battery GroundB231-3 Shift position; P range signalB231-4 Shift position; N range signalB231-5 Not usedB231-6 Shift position; 1 range signalB231-7 Not usedB231-8 Battery groundB231-9 Shift position; R range signalB231-10 Shift position; D range signalB231-11 Shift position; 2 range signalB231-12 Brake Switch

B230-1 Exhaust brake signalB230-2 Not usedB230-3 Not usedB230-4 Idle up signalB230-5 Not usedB230-6 O/D OFF switchB230-7 Kick-down switchB230-8 Diagnostic enable signalB230-9 Idle Switch UD onlyB230-10 Not usedB230-11 ABS (Anti-lock brake system) signalB230-12 QWS (Engine warming up system)

signal (Not used UD)B230-13 Not usedB230-14 Not usedB230-15 ATF Temperature switchB230-16 Idle signal (Not used UD)

Pin No. FunctionB229-1 Engine speed sensorB229-2 Not usedB229-3 Vehicle speed sensor (Transmission/+)B229-4 Vehicle speed sensor (Speedometer)B229-5 Throttle position sensorB229-6 ATF Thermosensor (+)B229-7 Not usedB229-8 Engine over-running light (Not used UD)B229-9 Check trans indicator light (ATM)B229-10 Not usedB229-11 Timing solenoid (ST)B229-12 No. 2 shift solenoid (S2)B229-13 No. 1 shift solenoid (S1)B229-14 Not usedB229-15 Shield for No. B229-3B229-16 Vehicle speed sensor (Transmission/-)B229-17 Not usedB229-18 Throttle position sensor voltageB229-19 Throttle position sensor groundB229-20 ATF Thermosensor (-)B229-21 Serial data (Scan tool)B229-22 Exhaust brake cut signalB229-23 QWS (Engine warming up system) cut

signal (Not used UD)B229-24 Lock-up solenoidB229-25 Line pressure solenoid (-)B229-26 Line pressure solenoid (+)


12

Clutch & Solenoid Application Chart

tfihSnoitisoP

nurrevOhctulC

drawroFhctulC

4-3hctulC

evirdrevOekarB

dnoceSekarB

esreveR/woLekarB

tupnIgarpS

woLgarpS

tfihS1dioneloS

tfihS2dioneloS

P o oR o o o xN o o

D

ts1 o o x x odn2 o o x o odr3 o o o x oD/O o o o

2

ts1 o o x x odn2 o o o x o odr3 o o o x o

L

ts1 o o o x x odn2 o o o x o odr3 o o o x o

o - Appliedx - Applied when accelerating


13

Specifications


14

Specifications


15

Specifications

epyTdiulF yticapaC

IIInortxeD )STQ5.41(L5.31

Transmission Fluid


16

Torque SpecificationsdenethgiTtraP m.N )ni.bl(tf-bl

ydobpmupliOotrevocpmupliO 12 51

ydobevlavrewoLotydobevlavreppU 5.5 4

ydobevlavrewoLotgnirpstnetedlaunaM 5.5 )74(

gnisuohnoisnetxEottekcarblwapkcolgnikraP 91 41

esacnoissimsnarTotrevocrotalumucca1C 8 )96(

gnisuohnoisnetxEotesacnoissimsnarT 73 72

tlobtestroppusretneC 52 81

esacnoissimsnarTotnapliO 7 )16(

gnisuohnoissimsnarTotesacnoissimsnarT 46 74

esacnoissimsnarTotrosneserutarepmetFTA 52 81

esacnoissimsnarTotnoinureloocliO 92 22

esacnoissimsnarTothctiwsrotibihnI 5.21 )87(

tfahsevlavlaunaMothctiwsrotibihnI 7 )16(

esacnoissimsnarTottfahslortnoC 5.21 )87(

esacnoissimsnarTotpmupliO 52 81

esacnoissimsnarTotydobevlaV 01 )78(

ydobevlaVotevlavdioneloS 01 )78(

ydobevlaVotreniartsliO 01 )78(

napliOotgulpniarD 72 02

esacnoissimsnarTotetalpkcoleveelsretemodeepS 5.21 )87(

esacnoissimsnarTotrosnesdeepS 8 )96(

esacnoissimsnarToteriwdioneloS 8 )96(

esacnoissimsnarTotrevocOTP 51 11


17

Component Parts

1. O-ring 2. Oil Cooler Union 3. Clip 4. Hose 5. Clip 6. ATF Temperature Switch 7. O-ring 8. Oil Cooler Union 9. O-ring10. Transmission Solenoid Wire11. Bolt

12. O-ring13. Parking Lock Gear14. Speedometer Drive Gear15. Spacer16. Torque Converter Housing17. Nut18. Nut19. Control Shaft Lever20. Bolt21. Gasket22. PTO cover

23. Bolt24. Bolt25. Lock Plate26. O-ring27. Speedometer Drive Gear28. Speedometer Sleeve29. Clip30. Gasket31. Vehicle Speed Sensor 132. Bolt33. Oil Seal

34. Companion Flange35. O-ring36. Lock Nut37. Extension Housing38. Bolt39. Inhibitor Switch40. Bolt41. Grommet42. Lock Washer43. Nut


18

Component Parts

1. Spring 2. O-ring 3. C1 Accumulator 4. O-ring 5. Gasket 6. Plate 7. Front Clutch Accumulator Cover 8. Bolt 9. Transmission Case10. Center Support Apply Gasket11. Spring12. O-ring

13. B0 Accumulator Piston14. O-ring15. O-ring16. Spring17. C2 Accumulator Piston18. B1 Accumulator Piston19. O-ring20. Spring21. Valve Body Assembly22. Bolt23. Oil Seal24. Magnet

25. Oil Stainer26. Bolt27. Manual Valve Lever Shaft28. Spacer29. Parking Lock Rod30. Oil Pan31. Drain Plug32. Gasket33. Bolt34. Pin35. Manual Valve Lever36. Oil Seal


19

Component Parts

1. Bolt 2. Oil Pump 3. O-ring 4. Gasket 5. Race 6. Thrust Bearing 7. O/D Planetary Gear, O/D Direct Clutch and One-way Clutch Assembly 8. Thrust Bearing 9. O/D Ring Gear assembly10. Race

11. Thrust Bearing12. Race13. O/D Case Assembly14. O-ring15. Race16. Thrust Bearing17. Race18. Spacer19. Oil Seal ring20. Front Clutch Assembly

21. Thrust Bearing22. Race23. Rear Clutch Assembly24. Center Support assembly25. Bolt26. Thrust Washer27. Snap Ring28. Planetary Gear, One-Way Clutch and Output Shaft Assembly29. O-ring


20

Oil Pump

1. Oil Seal2. Oil Pump Body3. Oil Pump Driven Gear4. Oil Pump Drive Gear5. Oil Pump Cover

6. Bolt 7. Oil Seal Ring 8. Check Ball 9. Spring10. Spring Seat


21

Overdrive Planetary Gear andDirect Clutch

.oN .nissenkcihT .oN .nissenkcihT

A 181.0 C 491.0

B 881.0 D 102.0

Selective Pressure Plates

O/D Direct Clutch Clearance .071-.081 in.

Sprag Rotation

1. O/D Direct Clutch Drum 2. O-ring 3. O/D Direct Clutch Piston 4. Piston Return Spring 5. Snap Ring 6. Plate 7. Disc

11. Thrust washer12. One-way Clutch Outer Race13. Retainer14. One-way Clutch

8. Flange (Selective) 9. Snap Ring 10 . Snap Ring

15. Thrust Washer16. O/D Planetary Gear17. Thrust washer18. Planetary Ring Gear19. Ring Gear Flange20. Snap Ring21. Oil Seal Ring


22

Overdrive Brake

OD Brake Clearance .049-.073 in. Not Adjustable

1. Snap Ring 2. Flange 3. Disc 4. Plate 5. Snap Ring 6. Piston Return Spring

7. O/D Brake Piston 8. O-ring 9. O/D Case10. Ring Retainer11. Oil Seal Ring


23

Front Clutch

Front Clutch Clearance .155-.166 in

.nissenkcihT .nissenkcihT

170.0 780.0

970.0 490.0

NOTICE: P = This plate is used toadjust clutch clearance.

Selective Clutch Plates

1. Front Clutch Drum2. O-ring3. Front Clutch Piston4. Piston return spring5. Snap Ring6. Cushion Plate7. Plate

8. Disc 9. Race10. Thrust Bearing11. Front Clutch Hub12. Rear Clutch Hub13. Snap Ring


24

Rear Clutch

Rear Clutch Clearance 0.79 - .087 in



A 791.0 E 181.0

B 502.0 F 981.0

1. Snap Ring2. Flange (Selective)3. Disc4. Plate5. Snap Ring

6. Piston Return Spring7. Rear Clutch Piston8. O-ring9. Rear Clutch Drum


25

Second Brake

Second Brake Clearance .073 - .081 in.


A 791.0 C 312.0

B 502.0 D 022.0


1. Flange (Selective)2. Plate3. Snap Ring4. Disc5. Snap Ring6. Piston return Spring7. Second Brake Piston

8. O-ring 9. Snap Ring10. Oil Seal Ring11. Center Support12. Front Planetary Sun Gear13. Retainer


26

Planetary Gears, One-Way Clutchand Output Shaft

Sprag Rotation

1. One-way Clutch2. Front Planetary Gear3. No. 1 Thrust Washer4. Front Planetary Ring Gear5. Snap Ring6. No. 2 Thrust washer7. O-ring

8. Rear Planetary Gear 9. Rear Planetary Sun Gear10. Thrust Bearing11. Oil Seal Ring12. Intermediate Shaft13. Snap Ring14. Rear Planetary Ring Gear

15. Ring Gear Flange16. Snap Ring17. Thrust Bearing18. Output Shaft19. Snap Ring


27

First and Reverse Brake

First and Reverse Brake Clearance .130 - .150 in.


.oN ssenkcihT

E 8162.0

F 6772.0

G 3392.0

in.

1. Snap Ring2. Flange (Selective)3. Disc4. Plate5. Cushion Plate

6. Snap Ring7. Piston Return Spring8. First and Reverse Brake Piston9. O-ring10. Output Shaft Front Bearing


28

Extension Housing

1. Oil Seal Ring2. Bearing3. Snap Ring4. Bracket

5. Torsion Spring6. Washer7. Parking Lock Pawl Shaft8. Parking Lock Pawl


29

Valve Body

Upper Valve Body: 1. 2-3 Shift Valve 2. Reverse Inhibitor Valve 3. Modulator Valve 4. Throttle Valve 5. Secondary Regulator Valve 6. Reducing Valve 7. Lock-up Signal Valve 8. Accumulator Control Valve 9. Low Coast Modulator Valve10. Orifice Control Valve11. Low Inhibitor Valve12. Check Valve

Lower Valve Body:1. Manual Valve2. 1-2 Shift Valve3. 3-4 Shift Valve4. Pressure Relief Valve5. Primary Regulator Valve6. Lock-up Control Valve7. C0 Exhaust Valve8. 2-3 Timing Valve9. Cut-back Valve


30

Valve Body

1. Pressure Relief Valve2. Case

1. Strainer


31

NOTICE: Each bolt length is indicated in theillustration.Bolt length:

A .ni01.1

B .ni62.1

C rehsawhtiw.ni24.1

D .ni75.1

Upper Valve Body Bolts

NOTICE: Each bolt length is indicated in theillustration.Bolt length: A .ni79.1

B .ni56.1

C rehsawhtiw.ni79.1

D .ni79.1

E .ni90.2

Lower Valve Body Bolts

NOTICE: Each bolt length is indicated in theillustration.Bolt length: A .ni56.1

B .ni79.1

Plate Installation

Torque All Bolts: 5.5 N.m (48 lb.in.)

Valve Body


32

Valve Body

Accumulator Installation

NOTICE: Each bolt length is indicated in the illustration.

Bolt length:

A .ni78.0 E .ni75.1

B .ni01.1 F .ni16.1

C .ni62.1 G .ni77.1

D .ni84.1 H .ni50.2

I .ni42.2

Torque 10 N m (88 lb in.)

htgneleerF retemaiD roloC

0-B )376.2( )138.0( etihW

)reppU(1-B )791.1( )334.0( wolleY

)woL(1-B )895.2( )889.0( wolleY

2-C )022.3( )288.0( egieB

Spring diameter and free length in.

Valve Body Bolt

Bolt length:

A .ni36.0

B .ni82.1

Torque 10 N m (88 lb-in)

Oil Strainer Installation

Accumulator Installation

htgneLeerF 376.3

retemaiD 796.0

roloC deR

Spring Diameter in.

.

.


33

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For exclusive use of licensed AAMCO dealers ONLY.Any Unauthorized use or reproduction, by any means, of theillustrations or text in this book is a copyright violation and a criminal offense punishable by fine, imprisonment or both

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AW 450 kwicknotes

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