Avoiding

Harmful SubstancesHealth Hazards of

Smoking, Drinking and Drugs

Pre-Test

http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/hstats/index.html

Objectives

• Explain the health hazards of smoking

• Describe the consequences of drinking alcohol

• Define various terms related to drug use and abuse

• Describe various kinds of drugs and how they affect the body

• Explain how peer pressure influences behavior

Smoking

The practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream.

Popular types of substance that is smoked:

•Tobacco

•Cannabis

•Opium

•Crack Cocaine

Cigarette smoking is . . .

• The number one cause of preventable disease and death worldwide.

• Smoking-related diseases claim over 393,000 American lives each year.

• Cigarette smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, 69 of which are known to cause cancer.19

• Among adults who have ever smoked, 70% started smoking regularly at age 18 or younger, and 86% at age 21 or younger.3

Key facts about Cigarette Smoking

• Among current smokers, chronic lung disease accounts for 73 percent of smoking-related conditions. Even among smokers who have quit chronic lung disease accounts for 50 percent of smoking-related conditions.4

• Smoking harms nearly every organ in the body, and is a main cause of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema).

• It is also a cause of coronary heart disease, stroke and a host of other cancers and diseases.5

Reasons why people start smoking

• Made more readily if the person has parents, brothers, or sisters who smoke

• It looked grown-up

• It seemed glamorous

• It helped them feel sophisticated

What is passive smoking?

What is smokeless tobacco?

How Smoking Affects Our Health

See Page 203 Illustration of How Smoking Affects Your Health

• Smokers develop wrinkles and sagging skin at a younger age.

• Smokers are more likely to get cancer of the mouth than nonsmokers.

• Smokers get 80% of all cases of cancer of the esophagus.

Effects of Tobacco Use

• After repeated use the brain and body become physically dependent on the drug.

• Tobacco smoke irritates the throat and can cause throat cancer. It can also make the voice thick and gravelly.

Effects of Tobacco Use Effects of Tobacco Use Tar from smoke clogs and Tar from smoke clogs and

lungs, causing lungs, causing ““smokers smokers cough.cough.”” This causes This causes emphysema, a disease emphysema, a disease that makes breathing that makes breathing difficult.difficult.

Nicotine increases the Nicotine increases the production of stomach production of stomach acid, which may acid, which may contribute to ulcers.contribute to ulcers.

Smokers are four times Smokers are four times more likely than more likely than nonsmokers to develop nonsmokers to develop heart disease. heart disease.

Chemicals in tobacco Chemicals in tobacco have been linked to have been linked to cancer of the pancreas.cancer of the pancreas.

http://medicalvideos.org/videos/5063/animation-video-showing-smoking-

effects

The Toxic Effect of SmokeThe Toxic Effect of Smoke

CancerCancer – major – major cause of cancers cause of cancers of the lung, of the lung, larynx, oral cavity larynx, oral cavity and esophagusand esophagus

Contributes to Contributes to cancers of the cancers of the bladder, bladder, pancreas and pancreas and kidneykidney

EmphysemaEmphysema – a – a disease that disease that affects the air affects the air sacs of the lungs.sacs of the lungs.

Smoking thickens Smoking thickens the membranes the membranes and makes the and makes the air passage air passage narrower which narrower which reduces airlow.reduces airlow.

Effects of SmokingEffects of Smoking

Heart Disease Heart Disease – – nicotine nicotine contributes to the contributes to the blood vessels blood vessels constricting and constricting and less blood is less blood is carried to the carried to the heartheart

Dangers during Dangers during pregnancy pregnancy – – premature premature deliveries, smaller, deliveries, smaller, less healthy less healthy babiesbabies

Babies suffer from Babies suffer from withdrawalswithdrawals

How much do cigarettes How much do cigarettes cost?cost?

If a person smokes 1 If a person smokes 1 pack a day, each pack pack a day, each pack cost $5, how much cost $5, how much money does that person money does that person spend on cigarettes in a spend on cigarettes in a week, a month-30 days, week, a month-30 days, and year? and year?

What about 2 packs a What about 2 packs a day? day?

What would you like to What would you like to do with that money do with that money instead? instead?

Ways to Break the Tobacco HabitWays to Break the Tobacco Habit

Start your stop smoking plan with STARTS = Set a quit date.

•Choose a date within the next 2 weeks, so you have enough time to prepare without losing your motivation to quit. If you mainly smoke at work, quit on the weekend, so you have a few days to adjust to the change.

T = Tell family, friends, and co-workers that you plan to quit.

•Let your friends and family in on your plan to quit smoking and tell them you need their support and encouragement to stop. Look for a quit buddy who wants to stop smoking as well. You can help each other get through the rough times.

A = Anticipate and plan for the challenges you'll face while quitting.Most people who begin smoking again do so within the first 3 months. You can help yourself make it through by preparing ahead for common challenges, such as nicotine withdrawal and cigarette cravings.

R = Remove cigarettes and other tobacco products from your home, car, and work.Throw away all of your cigarettes (no emergency pack!), lighters, ashtrays, and matches. Wash your clothes and freshen up anything that smells like smoke. Shampoo your car, clean your drapes and carpet, and steam your furniture.

T = Talk to your doctor about T = Talk to your doctor about getting help to quit.getting help to quit.

Your doctor can prescribe medication Your doctor can prescribe medication to help with withdrawal and suggest to help with withdrawal and suggest other alternatives. If you can't see a other alternatives. If you can't see a doctor, you can get many products doctor, you can get many products over the counter at your local over the counter at your local pharmacy or grocery store, including pharmacy or grocery store, including the nicotine patch, nicotine lozenges, the nicotine patch, nicotine lozenges, and nicotine gum.and nicotine gum.

Health Consequences of Health Consequences of Drinking AlcoholDrinking Alcohol

Have you ever tried to Have you ever tried to hold a conversation hold a conversation with someone who has with someone who has been drinking? been drinking?

How did they behave?How did they behave? Did they make a Did they make a

favorable impression?favorable impression?

Health Consequences of Health Consequences of Drinking AlcoholDrinking Alcohol

Alcohol numbs and Alcohol numbs and irritates the drinkerirritates the drinker’’s s mouth and esophagus.mouth and esophagus.

Alcohol abuse can cause Alcohol abuse can cause hypertension, a hypertension, a condition, of constant condition, of constant high blood pressure.high blood pressure.

Alcohol numbs nerve Alcohol numbs nerve centers that control centers that control speech and motor skills speech and motor skills needed for driving, needed for driving, walking, and other walking, and other activities.activities.

Alcohol irritates the Alcohol irritates the stomach lining and stomach lining and makes the stomach makes the stomach secrete the acids that are secrete the acids that are used for digesting food. used for digesting food.

Alcohol can destroy Alcohol can destroy important enzymes in the important enzymes in the small intestine, making it small intestine, making it hard for the body to hard for the body to digest food properly.digest food properly.

Alcohol abuse causes Alcohol abuse causes cirrhosis, which makes cirrhosis, which makes the liver unable to the liver unable to process blood.process blood.

Stages of AlcoholismStages of AlcoholismStage 1Stage 1

Person uses Person uses alcohol to relaxalcohol to relax

Person begins Person begins to need alcohol to need alcohol to cope with to cope with daily stressdaily stress

Person makes Person makes excuses about excuses about drinking.drinking.

Stage 2Stage 2 Person develops Person develops

a need for more a need for more and more and more alcohol.alcohol.

Person often Person often misses school misses school work.work.

Person denies Person denies that there is a that there is a problem.problem.

Stage 3Stage 3 Other people Other people

see his/her see his/her problem with problem with alcohol.alcohol.

Person Person develops an develops an addiction to addiction to alcohol.alcohol.

PersonPerson’’s s drinking is out drinking is out of control.of control.Think back to what you’ve read in your textbook. How might a person act

within each different stages? (Discuss with your partner.)

If someone were to pressure you into trying alcohol, If someone were to pressure you into trying alcohol, what activity could you do instead? Research a what activity could you do instead? Research a hobby of yours or one that you would like to pursue hobby of yours or one that you would like to pursue by using the search engine below.by using the search engine below.

Alternatives to AlcoholAlternatives to Alcohol

• Using the information and pictures you gather, create a Goggle Document to show why you would choose this activity over drinking alcohol.

• Include consequences that follow drinking alcohol, these may be found from your textbook (pg. 209)

• Also, share your thoughts on why you think drinking alcohol is wrong.

Tomorrow …Tomorrow … More About AlcoholMore About Alcohol Drugs and the Wide Variety of Effects to Drugs and the Wide Variety of Effects to

our Physical, Mental and Emotional Beingour Physical, Mental and Emotional Being

Sexually Transmitted DiseasesSexually Transmitted Diseases

Peer Pressure

-Positive peer pressure can help you do the

right thing, such as being quiet in a library.

-Negative peer pressure can influence you to do

harmful things you otherwise would not do.

Click here Resisting Peer PressureResisting Peer Pressure

Peer pressure is a strong influence that people your own age can have on you.Peer pressure is a strong influence that people your own age can have on you.

What have you learned?What have you learned?

using this website-

Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Choose one of the 19 subjects that interest

both of you and read about it. Then, in a couple of paragraphs tell me what

you’ve learned using MS Word. Previous HOMEPAGE

• Marijuana is the most commonly abused illicit drug in the United States. This is a good thing being that it has no harmful health effects. Right behind marijuana is cocaine. Unfortunately, the use of this illegal drug is associated with a wide array of serious medical complications, including chest pain. This substance is also the top leading illicit drug that sends users to the emergency room.

• Out of all people age 12 years and older in the United States, 14 percent have tried cocaine at least once, with many of them becoming addicted to the drug.  And in addition to 18 to 25 year olds being the top users of the drug, men themselves use the drug twice as much as females.

• It was during the year 2005 that there were more than 448,000 people who visited the emergency room for reasons related to cocaine use. And of these people, about 40 percent complained of chest pain. Although 18 to 25 year olds are more likely to use cocaine, of those who visited the emergency room, most of them were between the ages of 25 to 44 years old.

• What It Is:Cocaine is a white powder that comes from the dried leaves of the coca plant that is found in South America. Crack cocaine is a form of the drug that gives a very quick, intense high.

• Crack is made by cooking cocaine powder with baking soda, then breaking it into small pieces called rocks. It got its name because it crackles when it is heated and smoked.

• Crack cocaine looks like white or tan pellets (sort of like gerbil or dry cat food). Both cocaine and crack are very addictive — and very, very dangerous.

• Sometimes Called: coke, rock, snow, blow, white, toot, nose candy, base, flake, powder, basa, smack

• How It's Used: Cocaine is inhaled or snorted through the nose or injected into a vein. Crack is smoked in a pipe.

• What It Does to You: Cocaine is a stimulant, which means that it produces a fast, intense feeling of power and energy. Then it wears off (crack wears off very quickly) and the user feels depressed and nervous and craves more of the drug to feel good again.

• Cocaine is so addictive that someone can get hooked after trying it just once.

• Snorting cocaine can damage the septum between the nostrils, causing a hole in the middle of the nose.

• Cocaine makes your heart beat faster and your blood pressure and body temperature go up. It can make a person's heart beat abnormally. Cocaine is so dangerous that using it just once can make you have a heart attack or stroke and can kill you.