Aviation 101

Welcome to AOPA’s 2017 High School Symposium

Fort Worth, TX

Pat Brown – AOPA Texas You Can Fly Ambassador

FAA Private Pilot Requirements 16 years old to ‘solo’ (14 years old for gliders)

17 years old for Private Pilot certificate (16 years old for gliders)

40 hours flying time

20 hours dual

Includes 3 hours of x/c training,

3 hours of night training

3 hours of flying solely be reference to instruments

10 hours solo

Includes 5 hours of cross country experience

3 take-offs/landings at an airport with a control tower

Take, and pass (70%), FAA-mandated Knowledge Test

Take, and pass, FAA-mandated Check Ride with an FAA Designated Pilot Examiner

What You Can Do With A Private Pilot Certificate

Fly family and friends for pleasure/personal travel

Fly for business

Donate your time and airplane for charity flights (Angel Flight)

Introduce young people to aviation through programs like EAA’s Young Eagles

Pet rescue such as Pilots n Paws

Disaster relief flights (post hurricane in New Orleans, post earthquake in Haiti

Civil Air Patrol

Commemorative Air Force

Much, much more.

WHAT MAKES AN AIRPLANE FLY?

WHAT MAKES AN AIRPLANE FLY?

llLIFT

WEIGHT

DRAG THRUST

Parts Of An AirplaneAilerons:

1) Ailerons cause rotation around the longitudinal, or ROLL, axis.

2) Deflection causes change in the wing’s shape, thereby increasing (or decreasing) the amount of lift.

TRIVIA: Aileron is a French word meaning “little wing”.

Parts Of An Airplane

Empennage

The Empennage is the ‘tail section’ of the airplane

1) Rudder & Vertical Stabilizer: Controls the vertical, or “yaw” axis

2) Elevator & Horizontal Stabilizer: Controls the lateral, or “pitch” axis

3) Trip Tabs: Eliminate excessive control forces.

Trivia: Empennage is derived from another French word meaning “to feather an arrow”

Parts Of An Airplane

FUSELAGE

The Fuselage is the ‘body’ of the airplane. The engine, wings, and empennage are attached to the fuselage.

TRIVIA: Fuselage is from a French word meaning “spindle-shaped”

Instruments In The Panel

Commonly referred to as a “Six Pack”

1) Airspeed Indicator

2) Artificial Horizon (aka Attitude Indicator)

3) Altimeter

4) Turn and Bank Indicator

5) Direction Gyro

6) Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)

Principles upon which they all work.

Instruments In The Panel

Primary Flight Display (PFD)

1) Airspeed Indicator

2) Artificial Horizon (aka Attitude Indicator)

3) Altimeter

4) Turn and Bank Indicator

5) Direction Gyro

6) Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)

How It All Relates to Math

Weight And Balance Calculations

But first…some definitions:

Center of Gravity (also called CG for short): This is the balance point

CG Envelope (also called CG Limits): How are forward or aft of the balance point the aircraft may be safely operated

Datum: The point from which all distance measurements are made on the airframe

Arm: Distance from the Datum to a specific point on the airframe (called the “Station”)

Moment (expressed in inch-pounds): Product of the Arm and the weight at the station

How It All Relates to Math

Weight And Balance Calculations

Wei

ght

Axi

s

Moment Axis

Wei

ght

Axi

s

How It All Relates to MathCross Country Planning Calculations

Time/Distance/Fuel Requirement Computations, Wind Correction Angles, Magnetic Variations, Compass Deviation

WACO, TX

Reagan County

Wind

Magnetic Variation

How It All Relates to MathTime/Distance/Fuel Requirement Computations, Wind Correction Angles, Magnetic Variations

How It All Relates To Science

Bernoulli’s Principle

In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that an

increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with

a decrease in pressure. The principle is named after Daniel

Bernoulli who published it in his book Hydrodynamica in

1738.

How It All Relates To Science

Newton’s Third Law Of Motion

Formally stated, Newton's third law is: For every action,

there is an equal and opposite reaction. The statement

means that in every interaction, there is a pair of forces

acting on the two interacting objects. The size of the forces

on the first object equals the size of the force on the

second object. Moving Air

How It All Relates To Science

Coanda Effect

Coanda effect is the phenomena in which a jet flow

attaches itself to a nearby surface and remains

attached even when the surface curves away from

the initial jet direction.

WEATHER – More Science Stuff…

Pilots need to have a rudimental understanding of weather, such as:

What is at the root of ALL weather High Pressure and Low Pressure Systems Warm Fronts/Cold Fronts/Stationary Fronts/Dry Lines and more Clouds and how they form Importance of temperature and dew point Interpreting weather charts

How It All Relates To Science

WEATHER – More Science Stuff…

Pilots need to have a rudimental understanding of weather, such as:

What is at the root of ALL weather High Pressure and Low Pressure Systems Warm Fronts/Cold Fronts/Stationary Fronts/Dry Lines and more Clouds and how they form Importance of temperature and dew point Interpreting weather charts

How It All Relates To Science

Coriolis Force

Simple “Surface Analysis Chart”

Simple “Prog Chart”

Conclusion

Aviation-related courses are near-perfect vehicles for:

Science

Technology

Engineering

Math

Aviation 101

Questions???