Aves neornithes

20
CLASS AVES Subclass Archaeornithes

Transcript of Aves neornithes

Page 1: Aves neornithes

CLASS AVESSubclass Archaeornithes

Page 2: Aves neornithes

Subclass Archaeopteryx• “ancient wing”• Extinct• Complete covering of body feathers• Long, straight bony tail

Page 3: Aves neornithes

• Abdominal ribs present• Sternum was without any keel• Cerebellum small

Page 4: Aves neornithes

• No beak• Teeth are present • Toes and fingers are clawed

Page 5: Aves neornithes
Page 6: Aves neornithes

NEORNITHES

This subclass is divided into 2 superorders,

Odontognathae,

and Neognathae.

Page 7: Aves neornithes

• Toothed Cretaceous marine birds• The only odontognath ever recovered is a

marine bird, Hesperornis.

Odontognathae

Page 8: Aves neornithes
Page 9: Aves neornithes

Hesperornis• The wings were

vestigal, so it DID NOT FLY.

• But it SWAM AND DOVE for fish, catching the fish with sharp and CONICAL TEETH

Page 10: Aves neornithes

carinatesratites

Neognathae

carinates (keeled)Can fly

(from ratis, "raft", referring to the flatness of the

sternum)Cannot fly

Page 11: Aves neornithes

• Order Columbiformes. Doves• Order Pelecaniformes. Pelicans, cormorants,

etc.• Order Anseriformes. Ducks, geese, other

waterfowl.• Order Falconiformes. Hawks, eagles, vultures.• Order Galliformes. Grouse, quail, domestic

foul.• Order Psittaciformes. Parrots, paroquetes.• Order Passeriformes. Perching birds– up to 64

families, including song birds.• And about 15 other living orders.

Page 12: Aves neornithes

ratites• They have small incompetent wings• But have powerful leg muscles that

enable them to run well• It is likely that their ancestors could fly

• Many are known only as fossils• The survivors are in danger of extinction

by humans.

Page 13: Aves neornithes

Examples• ostriches• emus • cassowaries • rheas • kiwis • penguins

Page 14: Aves neornithes

• Were nearly 4 m (13 ft)

• Laid eggs more than 30 cm (1 ft) in diameter

moas

Page 15: Aves neornithes

Carinates

Carinatae were defi ned as all birds whose sternum (breast bone) has a keel (carina)

Page 16: Aves neornithes

Carinates• The keel is a

strong median ridge running down the length of the sternum. – This is an

important area for the att achment of fl ight muscles.

Page 17: Aves neornithes

• Largest living carinates is the Andean condor,

with a wingspread of 3m (10 ft) and weighing 15 kg(35 lbs)

Page 18: Aves neornithes

• The Giant Teratorn (Teratornis), which lives in Argentina 5 million years ago

• Is thought to have been a flier

Had a wingspread of 7.5 m (25ft), weighed 360 kg (160 lbs) and measured 3.5m (11ft) from beak to tip of tail.

Page 19: Aves neornithes

• Many are annual migrants.

• During migration birds move in mass flights, often at night and at an elevation of approximately 600 meters (2000 ft)

• Those destined for the same geographical location pass over approximately the same flyways year after year.

Page 20: Aves neornithes

• Migration is associated with the reproductive cycle