AVANCEMOS IIAVANCEMOS IIUNIDAD 5UNIDAD 5GramáticaGramática

~ísimo(s), ~ísima(s), p. ~ísimo(s), ~ísima(s), p. 258258

To add emphasis to some adjectives, you can attach the To add emphasis to some adjectives, you can attach the ending ~ísimo(a)(os)(as).ending ~ísimo(a)(os)(as).

If the adjective ends in a vowel, drop it before adding the If the adjective ends in a vowel, drop it before adding the ending.ending.

Ejemplo: Ejemplo: bello(a)> ¡Esta cocina es bellísima! (This kitchen bello(a)> ¡Esta cocina es bellísima! (This kitchen is very (extremely) beautiful!)is very (extremely) beautiful!)

When the last consonant in the adjective is “c”, “g”, or “z”, When the last consonant in the adjective is “c”, “g”, or “z”, spelling changes are required before adding “~ísimo (a, os, spelling changes are required before adding “~ísimo (a, os, as).as).

c > qu “rico>riquísimo” c > qu “rico>riquísimo” g > gu “largo>larguísimo”g > gu “largo>larguísimo”z > c “feliz>felicísimo”z > c “feliz>felicísimo” Completa Act. 5, p. 258Completa Act. 5, p. 258

Usted/Ustedes commandsUsted/Ustedes commands“Mandatos formales”, p. “Mandatos formales”, p.

259259 Used for respectful commands. Commands Used for respectful commands. Commands

require a change in verb endings.require a change in verb endings.

InfinitiveInfinitive Present Present tensetense

UstedUsted UstedesUstedes

probprobarar(ue)(ue) yo pruebyo prueboo pruebpruebee pruebpruebenen

comcomerer yo comyo comoo comcomaa comcomanan

añadañadirir yo añadyo añadoo añadañadaa añadañadanan Pruebe el té. (Taste the tea.) Coman la merienda. (Eat the snack.)

*Add “no” before the verb to make commands negative. (No coman la merienda. = Do not eat the snack.)

Irregular usted/ustedes Irregular usted/ustedes commandscommands

dardar(to give)(to give)

estarestar(to be)(to be)

irir(to go)(to go)

sabersaber(to know)(to know)

serser(to be)(to be)

ustedusted dédé estéesté vayavaya sepasepa seasea

ustedesustedes denden esténestén vayanvayan sepansepan seansean

Vaya a la cocina. (Go to the kitchen.) No estén tristes. (Don’t be sad.)

““~car, ~gar, ~zar” verbs~car, ~gar, ~zar” verbs

These verbs have a spelling change in the These verbs have a spelling change in the command form.command form.

busbuscarcar busbusququee

papagargar papaguguee

empeempezarzar empieempieccee

Completa Actividad 6, p. 260

Pronoun placement with Pronoun placement with commands, p. 264commands, p. 264

Placement depends on whether the command is Placement depends on whether the command is affirmative or negative.affirmative or negative.

With affirmative commands, pronouns are attached With affirmative commands, pronouns are attached to the end of the verb.to the end of the verb.

LlLléévevenosnos al supermercado. al supermercado. ( (Take usTake us to the to the supermarket.)supermarket.)

PPóóngannganlaslas en la mesa. en la mesa. ( (Put themPut them on the table.)on the table.)

*An accent is added to the stressed vowel of the command of two or more syllables.

Negative commands & Negative commands & object pronoun object pronoun placementplacement

Object pronouns are placed BEFORE the Object pronouns are placed BEFORE the verb and after “no”verb and after “no”

NoNo lele venda esta camisa. ( venda esta camisa. (Don’t sell her/himDon’t sell her/him this shirt.)this shirt.)

NoNo lolo prueben. ( prueben. (Don’t taste itDon’t taste it.).)

Completa Actividad 13, p. 265Completa Actividad 13, p. 265

Affirmative & Negative words, Affirmative & Negative words, p. 283p. 283

Indefinite words that refer to non-specific people, things, Indefinite words that refer to non-specific people, things, or situations can be affirmative or negative.or situations can be affirmative or negative.

AffirmativeAffirmative wordswords NegativeNegative wordswords

algoalgo somethingsomething nadanada nothingnothing

alguienalguien someonesomeone nadienadie no oneno one

algún/algún/

alguno(a)(s)alguno(a)(s)

somesome ningún/ningún/

ninguno(as)(s)ninguno(as)(s)

none, not anynone, not any

o…oo…o either…oreither…or ni…nini…ni neither…norneither…nor

siempresiempre alwaysalways nuncanunca nevernever

tambiéntambién alsoalso tampocotampoco neither, eitherneither, either

Rules of Rules of affirmative/negative affirmative/negative

wordswords Alguno(a) and ninguno(a) have different Alguno(a) and ninguno(a) have different

forms before forms before masculine singular nounsmasculine singular nouns..

algunoalguno > > algúnalgún ningunoninguno > > ningúnningún

¿Quieres ¿Quieres algúnalgún filete? (Do you want some filete? (Do you want some steak?)steak?)

No, no quiero No, no quiero ningúnningún plato con carne. (No, plato con carne. (No, I do not want any dish with meat.)I do not want any dish with meat.)

A double negative is required in Spanish when A double negative is required in Spanish when “no” comes before the verb. “no” comes before the verb. Indefinite words Indefinite words that follow “no” must be negative. that follow “no” must be negative.

NoNo veo veo nadanada. (I do . (I do notnot see see anythinganything.).)

• When “alguien” or “nadie” is the object of a When “alguien” or “nadie” is the object of a verb, it is preceded by the verb, it is preceded by the personal apersonal a..

¿Conoces¿Conoces a alguiena alguien de España?de España? (Do you know (Do you know anyoneanyone from Spain?) from Spain?)

No, no conozcoNo, no conozco a nadiea nadie de España.de España. (No, I do (No, I do notnot know know anyoneanyone from Spain.) from Spain.)

Completa Actividad Actividad 6, p. 284Completa Actividad Actividad 6, p. 284

Double object pronouns, Double object pronouns, p. 288p. 288

For placement of both direct and indirect For placement of both direct and indirect object pronouns in the same sentence.object pronouns in the same sentence.

1.1. The indirect object pronoun comes first.The indirect object pronoun comes first.La camarera La camarera nosnos trajo el caldo trajo el caldo a Juan y a mía Juan y a mí.. > The > The

waitress brought the broth to Juan and me.waitress brought the broth to Juan and me.

La camarera La camarera nos lonos lo trajo. trajo. > The waitress brought > The waitress brought it to usit to us..

2.2. When a conjugated verb appears with an infinitive When a conjugated verb appears with an infinitive or a verb in the ~ndo form, you can put the or a verb in the ~ndo form, you can put the

pronouns pronouns beforebefore the conjugated verb the conjugated verb OROR attach attach themthem to the infinitve or ~ndo form. to the infinitve or ~ndo form.

Me losMe los vas a pedir. vas a pedir. OR OR Vas a pedVas a pedíírrmelosmelos.. (You are (You are going to ask me for them.)going to ask me for them.)

Me losMe los estás pidiendo. estás pidiendo. OROR Estás pidi Estás pidiééndondomelosmelos.. (You are asking me for them.) (You are asking me for them.)

*When attaching pronouns, *When attaching pronouns, you must add an you must add an accentaccent to the stressed vowel. to the stressed vowel.

3.3. If both pronouns start with the letter “l”, If both pronouns start with the letter “l”, change the indirect object to “se”.change the indirect object to “se”.

Le pedí la cuenta al camarero. > Le pedí la cuenta al camarero. > SeSe la pedí. la pedí. (I (I asked him for it.)asked him for it.)

¿Les puedes llevar el té a esas mujeres? > ¿Les puedes llevar el té a esas mujeres? > ¿Puedes llev¿Puedes lleváárrseselo?lo? (Can you take it to (Can you take it to them?them?

Completa Activitad 13 & 14, p. 289Completa Activitad 13 & 14, p. 289