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20HadronPhysicsHorizon

JRA

Avalanche Micro-Pixel Photo Sensorsand

Digitalization of front-end signals

„SiPM2020“

Spokesperson: Herbert Orth, HIM Mainz, Germany

HadronPhysicsHorizon Kick-off Meeting, 25-27 March, Bochum H.O.

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•matrix of avalanche photo diodes (SPAD) operated in Geiger-mode •characteristics of a high gain photon sensor•many advantages over PMT •replaces PMT in many applications•many new developments very recently (TSV-technique, metal resistors, slicing )•at threshold to enter the consumer product market as robust light sensor?

Silicon Multiplier (SiPM)

Present challenges in Hadron Physics•Radiation hardness•Intrinsic digitalization (electronics on same Si-substrate) •Cell recovery•Single photon time resolution (< 50 ps)•Linearity and dynamic range (1:105)•high yield production process•PDE larger 50%•UV photons•Temperature stability (compensation techniques)•Noise, crosstalk, afterpulsing

HadronPhysicsHorizon Kick-off Meeting, 25-27 March, Bochum H.O.

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20• MEPhI/Pulsar (Moscow) - Dolgoshein • CPTA (Moscow) - Golovin • Mikron (Moscow) - Sadygov

now Zecotek (Singapore) -• Amplification Technologies (Orlando) • Hamamatsu Photonics (Hamamatsu, Japan) • SensL(Cork, Ireland) • AdvanSiD (former FBK-irst Trento, Italy) • STMicroelectronics (Italy) • KETEK (Munich) • RMD (Boston, USA) • ExcelitasTechnologies (former

PerkinElmer) • MPI Semiconductor Laboratory (Munich) • Novel Device Laboratory (Beijing, China) • Philips (Netherlands)

Every producer uses his own label for this type of device:

MRS APD, G-APD, MAPD, SiPM, SSPM, MPPC, SPM, DAPD, PPD, SiMPl , dSiPM

What is available?

Prices: about 2 €/ mm2 which is 50 times lower than in 2008

JRA participation ‘green’

HadronPhysicsHorizon Kick-off Meeting, 25-27 March, Bochum H.O.

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20dSIPM

Array of SPADs integrated in a standard CMOS process. Photons are detected and counted as digital signals using a dedicated cell electronics unit next to each diode. This unit also contains active quenching and rechargs circuits, one bit memory for the selctive inhibit of detector cells. A trigger network is used to propagate the trigger signal from all cells to the TDC

dSiPM prototype from Philips

HadronPhysicsHorizon Kick-off Meeting, 25-27 March, Bochum H.O.

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20Objectives

1. Ultrafast ToF scintillation detector using SiPM

1. Cherenkov radiation and extending UV-sensitivity of SiPM

1. High dynamic range calorimetry with SiPM

1. Radiation resilience

2. Dedicated SiPM electronics for large scale applications

Timing ∼50 ps, low area density < 1g/cm2, large area, 3d-shape

PDE (λ=250 - 400 nm) 30-40 %, timing, dual readout

1012- 1014 n/cm2, pinpointing and characterizing radiation damage

Theoretical model for ASIC optimization, new designs, perfomance studies

PANDA EMC with SiPM, 3d-positron tomography, shashlyk readout

HadronPhysicsHorizon Kick-off Meeting, 25-27 March, Bochum H.O.

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20Participants to SiPM2020

HadronPhysicsHorizon Kick-off Meeting, 25-27 March, Bochum H.O.

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20Other involved Institutions to SiPM2020

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1 Start building a demonstrator of scintillation tile hodoscopeSciTil

2 Scintillator materials procured St.Gobain, Eljen, Amcrys-H, JINR, Novosibirsk

Workplan for task #1 Ultrafast ToF scintillation detector using SiPM

Milestones: (SMI, JU, FZU, GSI, JINR)

Design of ultra-fast scintillation detectors using the silicon multiplier

Quad module of scintillating tiles with ASIC

5 cm

Quad module of scintillating rods with Coax

40 cm

HadronPhysicsHorizon Kick-off Meeting, 25-27 March, Bochum H.O.

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3 Cherenkov test box ready 4 Sensors with enhanced UV ready from FBK, KETEK

5 Report on dual readout of scintillating radiator, Cherenkov light versus scintillator light

Workplan for task #2Cherenkov radiation and extending UV-sensitivity of

SiPM

Milestones: (SMI, CUNI, FAU, GSI, FBK, KETEK)

Laboratory laser measurements, Cherenkov radiator

Extended UV-sensitivity of silicon multipliers for Cherenkov radiation

HadronPhysicsHorizon Kick-off Meeting, 25-27 March, Bochum H.O.

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6 Report on measurement with a prototype crystal using the Philips TEK 7 Demonstrator for PbWO readout with SiPM

Workplan for task #3 High dynamic range calorimetry

Milestones: (JLU, GSI, Philips, KETEK, JINR)

Philips 16 channel dSIPM KETEK 4 Channel SiPM PbWO Crystal

20 cm3 cm

Shashlyk

R&D on the optical readout of PbWO scintillator crystals with silicon multipliers

HadronPhysicsHorizon Kick-off Meeting, 25-27 March, Bochum H.O.

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8 Irradiation set-up available 9 Neutron irradiation experiments performed

Workplan for task #4Radiation resilience

Milestones: (all participants)

Systematic study of radiation hardness for different sensor types

Present observations:Problem with deteriorations occur for fluences above 1012 p/cm2

HadronPhysicsHorizon Kick-off Meeting, 25-27 March, Bochum H.O.

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20 Fatal SiPM damage (sensor dead)Dark current and dark count increase (Si)Change of gain and PDE vs.voltageBreakdown voltage change

Radiation damage

Severe problem! Roadmap towards improvement is to disentangle the sources of device failure

Yu. Musienko, 2012

HadronPhysicsHorizon Kick-off Meeting, 25-27 March, Bochum H.O.

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10 Reports on custom made electronics with user manual11 Report of evaluation results (ToFPET + KETEK)12 Report on SiPM model

Milestones: (POLI-BA, INFN-Pisa, GSI, CUNY, JU, IFIN-HH)

Workplan for Task #5Dedicated SiPM electronics for large scale applications

Detailed tests of the TOF-PET ASIC in conjunction with different silicon multipliers Effective and robust model of the silicon multiplier coupled to readout electronics

M.D.Rolo, TOFPET ASIC for PET-applications; JINST 8 C02050

HadronPhysicsHorizon Kick-off Meeting, 25-27 March, Bochum H.O.

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20Deliverables

HadronPhysicsHorizon Kick-off Meeting, 25-27 March, Bochum H.O.

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20EC requested costs

7,5 Person-Years GSI/HIM consumables include the support for other participants (non-industrial)

SME ? Small and medium size enterprise

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20Summary

This JRA will investigate and further develop the unique capabilities of Silicon Multipliers.

The digital SiPM is on the ‚Horizon‘.

Microscopic understanding of the effects of ionizing radiation on the SiPM is vital.

Development of integrated electronics is driven by medical applications.

Direct contact to producers is mendatory for further progress.Deliverables will foster the:

Advancement of SiPM properties leading to new detector concepts and applications for Hadron Physics

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20Summary of milestones

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20B-ASIC: 8-channel FE ASIC for SiPM

Current mode approach

High BW (250MHz) and low Zin~17Ω

High dynamic range: max 70pC

Low noise: ~0.3 SiPM cell

Non linearity < 1%

Programmable Gain, 3 ranges: 1V/pC, 0.5V/pC , 0.33 V/pC

Vref adjust → allow Vbias and Temperature control

Fast signal discrimination (programmable threshold)

Self-trigger: OR of the 8 fast signals

Time resolution on fast OR output ~ 650ps (worst, not RMS)

INFN and Politecnico Bari

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Development of front-end ASIC for Tiles based on the BASIC design (with reversed polarity)

1) B-ASIC chip 8 → 32 channels (+ channel mask)

2) fast ADC implementation on chip

3) control scheme for temperature dependence of SiPM signal

4) additional timing information

5) migration of ASIC design to more up to date CMOS or SiGe technologies → larger transconductance / lower power consump.

Possible Developments for the future

Leadings institution: POLI-BA, INFN Pisa, FBK-irst, GSI, SMI,