Beans physiological disorders By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad
Avacado diseases By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL
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Transcript of Avacado diseases By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL
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AvacadoDiseases A
Lecture To ToT trainees ( FFS)
By Mr. Allah Dad Khan
Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK
MINFAL Pakistan
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Anthracnose symptoms Anthracnose symptoms
AnthracnoseGlomerella cingulata
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Anthracnose symptoms Anthracnose symptoms
Anthracnose
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Anthracnose symptoms Anthracnose symptoms
Anthracnose
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Symptoms
Chlorotic and necrotic spots; dead leaf tip; defoliation; brown or purple lesions on new shoots
Cause Fungus Comments Spores spread by rain splash; high
moisture and warm temperatures encourage spread
Management Prune dead twigs and branches from
tree before fungi produce spores; knock dead leaves out of canopy; keep harvested fruit dry and cool
Chloratic Disease
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Avocado scab Scab symptoms
Scab Sphaceloma perseae
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Symptoms
Oval or irregular brown or purple spots on fruit with rough texture
Cause Fungus Comments High humidity encourages scab
growth and spread Management Plant tolerant varieties; spray
with copper containing fungicides
Purple Spot
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Symptoms
Elongated black streaks on bark; cankers parallel to growth of limbs; black blotches with distinct margins on green wood; cankers on bark cause cracks which ooze sap; removal of bark over cankers reveals dark discoloration underneath
Cause Unknown Comments Disease emergence favors adverse
growing conditions for avocado; more common in Guatemalan cultivars
Management Avoid stressing trees by following good
fertilization and irrigation practices
Black streak Avocado black streak
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Symptoms
Black lesions on roots; black, brittle roots; small, yellow leaves; premature leaf drop; decline in fruit yield
Cause Oomycete Comments Wet soils encourage Phytophthora
infection; plant in a well draining soil.
Management Minimize water splash between trees
by not working in a wet orchard; prune out dead limbs and twigs; remove fruit from the ground; dispose of dead wood and fruit away from trees
Phytophthora root rot and crown rot Phytophthora cinnamomi
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Fruit symptoms of P. citricola
Tree trunk with symptoms of Phytophthora citricola.
Phytophthora
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Symptoms
Shrivelled tissue at stem end; dark brown or black lesions at stem end and eventually over entire fruit; fruit covered in mycelium
Cause Fungi Comments Environmental conditions may determine
which fungal species is most common; spores can spread by wind or rain.
Management Prune dead limbs and twigs; prune and
harvest in dry conditions; provide trees with sufficient irrigation; apply a thick layer of mulch
Stem-end rot
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Symptoms
Symptoms Gray to black, mushy, foul smelling rot on
fruit; fruti has darkened metallic sheen
Cause Bacteria Comments Bacteria may be present on leaves but do not
cause damage unless plant is stressed or bacteria enter the plant through a wound
Management No treatment for disease; use certified seed;
disinfected tools and cuttings; employ crop rotation; remove plant debris from soil
Bacterial soft rot
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Symptoms
Red, yellow, pink or white streaks running the length of young stems; white, yellow or red blotches on fruit
Cause Viroid Comments Can be transmitted by grafting Management Frequently sanitize all pruning
equipment with disinfectant; plant only certified nursery stock
SunblotchAvocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd)
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Algal leaf spot symptoms Algal leaf spot symptoms
Algal leaf spotCephaleuros virescens
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Symptoms Algal leaf spot symptoms
Raised, orange-red spots on both upper and lower surfaces of leaves; spots may coalesce to form irregularly shaped patches; spots may also be present on twigs and branches; when the surface of the spot is scraped away, a gray to dark necrotic crust is visible
Algal Leaf Spot
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