SANDEEP KUMAR YADAV

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ROLL NO. CSJMA12001390272

UIET CSJM UNIVERSITY

KANPUR

AUTRONICS IN A VIEW

FIG.1 [1]

INTRODUCTION

AUTOTRONICS= AUTOMOBILE + ELECTRONICS

first electronic part in an automobile was called an ECU

(Engine control unit)

Analysts estimate that more than 80 percent of all automotive

innovation now stems from electronics

FIG.2 [2]

HISTORY:

TIMELINE:

1970’s: Introduction of electronics for engine controls

1980’s: Anti-lock braking introduced

Early 1990’s: Airbags become standard

Late 1990’s: Rapid expansion of body electronics – seat motors

Computers, instrument panel lighting, auto locking systems and keyless entry

Early 2000’s to date: infotainment, including sophisticated audio and video ; Signals sent via satellite (such as the OnStar System); GPS and mapping Capabilities; satellite radio

Late 2000’s: Steer-by-wire, wireless connectivity

Automobile applications of autotronics

in following domains:

• Braking system

• Steering system

• Suspension system

• Transmission system

• Engine (fuel intake)

Braking system

EBS increases traffic safety through

reduced stopping distance and improved

brake stability.

Functions In ECB:

Anti-lock braking system (ABS):

Traction control system (TCS)

Brake lining wear control

FIG.3[3]

ABS:

ABS is an acronym for anti-lock braking system. First developed and patented in 1936, ABS is actually derived from the German term "anti blockier system."

Anti-lock brakes are designed to prevent skidding and help drivers maintain steering control during an emergency stopping situation

Difference between ABS & Traction Control

ABS

manage the grip of the tires for braking maneuver

Traction Control

manage the grip of the tires for accelerating maneuver

STEERING SYSTEM

The self-alignment estimation

control uses both the EPS sensor

information and internally

programmed EPS control.

Speed sensitive steering system:

Used to control the power

steering pump pressure in relation to vehicle speed.

Below 10mph (16km/h) the computer operates the steering

This action reduces the steering effort during low speed maneuver and parking.

Electrically powered steering

uses an electric motor to drive

either the power steering

hydraulic pump or the steering

directly.

Steering sensor" is located

on the input shaft where

it enters the gearbox housing.

An interface circuit that

same housing converts the

signals from the torque sensor and rotation sensor into signals.

The vehicle motion estimation control uses the steering angular velocity information internally programmed in the EPS system.

This control helps improve yaw damping of the vehicle at higher speeds on the road.

Sensors

Accelerating sensor ,displacement sensors, Steering wheel position

SUSPENSION SYSTEM

suspension systems in most vehicles on the road today are passive.

Shock absorbers help to dissipate the energy applied to the springs and damp the oscillations .

Active Roll Control Systems :

Vehicles lean when cornering due to the weight transfer imposed by lateral acceleration. Factors contributing to the roll angle of the vehicle include vehicle height and suspension stiffness.

ARC system uses hydraulic and electronic technology to the vehicle roll angle in cornering, which improves handling.

The active roll control system contains

Control module,

Accelerometer,

Speed sensor,

Fluid reservoir,

Electrohydraulic pump,

Pressure control valve,

Directional control valve, FIG.4[4]

A hydraulic actuator in both the

front and rear stabilizer bars .

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Mainly it controls the shifting process of the gears.

Electronically controlled transmissions were introduced on

BMW products in 1986 on 5 and7 series vehicles.

The TCM also adapts to changing conditions within the

transmission by monitoring slip ratios .

The TCM controls the operation of the Lock-Up Torque

Converter which further increases economy

ADVANTAGES:

Increased fuel economy

Improved shift comfort

Increased driving safety

Electronic Fuel Injection

EFI system electronically

meters the fuel so that the

exact amount needed is provided

to the engine.

EFI uses to fuel to power the

engine by pumping it forcibly FIG.5[4]

by using high pressure through a

small nozzle or valve.

A high-pressure fuel pump that produces high fuel

pressures (5 to 12 MPa)

ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL

It automatically adjusts the

vehicle speed and distance to

that of a target vehicle.

ACC uses a long range radar

sensor to detect a target

vehicle up to 200 meters in

front of vehicle.

As per standard cruise control FIG.6[4]

the driver can override the system at any time.

Another advantage of this system is that the driver will not

exceed the speed limit on the highway.

Airbags

0000

FIG.7[4]

The air bag technology is based on electronic sensors that measure the amount of quick deceleration through an accelerometer

The new calculations will take into account the position of the seats, the use of a seat belt and the weight of the occupants.

Latest research

Active bumper system,

active hood lift system,

vehicle to vehicle communication

Camber thrust in F 1 vehicles

Global Positioning System

Rain sensing wipers

Adaptive light system

CONCLUSION

We briefly presented current and future vehicular electronics

system

An approach that uses modern technique to solve most of the

local vehicular problems.

The automobile industry and will likely continue as people

always want and expect more from their cars.

REFERENCE

[1] Mechanical Engineering Design by Joseph Shigley.

[2]”Applying Model-Based Design to Commercial Vehicle Electronics Systems”; Tom Egel, Michael Burke, Michael Carone, Wensi Jin The Math Works, Inc.; 2008.

[3] Development of EPS+; Sumio MOTOYAMA 2009.

[4] REAL TIME FUEL INJECTION IN SI ENGINE USING ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION; V. VINOTH KUMAR; 2010.