Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas FAULT STATISTICS IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK: WHAT...
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Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
FAULT STATISTICS IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK:
WHAT REGULATORS NEED?
Roberto MalamanAutorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas - Italy
and Council of European Energy Regulators – WG on Quality of Supply
This presentation is not an official AEEG or CEER document
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
INTRODUCTION
CUSTOMER WELFARE IS AFFECTED BY BOTH PRICE AND NON-PRICE ISSUES
REGULATORS ARE IN CHARGE OF INSURING THAT APPROPRIATE QUALITY IS DELIVERED TO CUSTOMERS
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
MAIN QUALITY FACTORSElectricity Service
•VOLTAGE LIMITS•VOLTAGE DIPS•HARMONICS•FLICKER
CUSTOMER SERVICE ISSUES
SU
PP
LY
DIS
TR
IBU
TIO
N
COMMERCIAL QUALITY
CONTINUITYOF SUPPLY
OTHER PARAMETERS OF POWER QUALITY
•SECURITY DEPOSITS•TOOLS FOR PAYING BILLS
•NON PAYMENT HANDLING
•DISCONNECTIONS FOR DEBT
•COMPLAINTS•READING•BILLING•NEW SUPPLY
ESTIMATES•CONNECTIONS TO NETWORK
•PROVING SUPPLY•RICONNECTIONS AFTER NON-PAYMENT DISCONNECTIONS
•APPOINTMENTS•VOLTAGE AND METERS INVESTIGATIONS
•LONG, SHORT AND TRANSIENT NON PLANNED SUPPLY INTERRUPTIONS
•PLANNED SUPPLY INTERRUPTIONS
ELECTRICITYSERVICE
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
PRICE REGULATION AND QUALITY REGULATION PRICE REGULATION INVOLVES INCENTIVES FOR
QUALITY OF SUPPLY PRICE REGULATION WITHOUT QUALITY REGULATION
MAY GIVE UNINTENDED AND MISLEADING INCENTIVES TO QUALITY LEVELS
RATE OF RETURN REGULATION INCENTIVE TO OVER-INVESTMENT
(AVERCH-JOHNSON OVER-CAPITALISATION EFFECT, OR INCENTIVE TO “GOLD-PLATED” SERVICES)
PRICE CAP REGULATION QUALITY EXPENDITURE REDUCTION CAN BE
USED TO CUT COSTS AND INCREASE PROFITS UTILITY REGULATION SHOULD EXPLICITLY INCLUDE
QUALITY TARGETS, EXPECIALLY AFTER UTILITIES PRIVATIZATION
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
Customer satisfaction is strongly affected by quality levels (Italian regional figures)
R2 = 0,7213
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420MINUTES LOST PER USER
UN
SA
TIS
FIE
D U
SE
RS
(%
)
LOMB
V.AO F-VG
VENEM-R
PIEM
T-AA
LIG
TOSCMAR
CAMPBAS ABR
LAZ
UMB
PUG
CAL
SIC
MOLSARD
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
SOME PRINCIPLES FOR QUALITY REGULATION
QUALITY REGULATION CAN BE FOCUSED ON INPUTS (ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS) EXPENDITURE (INVESTMENT AND OTHER COSTS) OUTPUTS (THE CONSEQUENCE ON THE CUSTOMERS)
REGULATION FOCUS IS SHIFTING TOWARD OUTPUTS
REGULATORS SHOULD AVOID TO FORCE TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS OR DECIDE INVESTMENT PLANS
FOCUS ON INPUTS IS WELCOME IF OUTPUTS ARE NOT EASILY MEASURABLE/CONTROLLABLE
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
INSTRUMENTS FOR QUALITY REGULATION
GUARANTEED STANDARDS(TO GUARANTEE A MINIMUM QUALITY THRESHOLD TO EACH SINGLE CUSTOMER)
COMPENSATION PAYMENTS(IF GUARANTEED STANDARDS ARE NOT MEET)
OVERALL STANDARDS(TO GUARANTEE A MINIMUM QUALITY THRESHOLD TO THE AVERAGE OF CUSTOMERS)
LEAGUE TABLES (BENCHMARKS) PUBLICATION OF QUALITY PERFORMANCE (ACTUAL LEVELS) OR YARDSTICK COMPETITION
INCENTIVE/PENALTIES MECHANISMS (SANCTIONS)
QUALITY-REVENUE OR QUALITY-TARIFF LINKS
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
REGULATORS APPROACH
FROM COMPANIES’ DECISIONS TO REGULATION
MIX OF ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL REGULATION
FOCUS ON COMMERCIAL QUALITY AND CONTINUITY OF SUPPLY, PROVIDING THAT SECURITY OF SUPPLY IS GUARANTEED
FOCUS FOR CONTINUITY ON DISTRIBUTION
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
CONTINUITY OF SUPPLY REGULATION AIMS
GUARANTEE RELIABILITYENHANCE SYSTEM QUALITYPROMOTE ADEQUATE INVESTMENT AND MAINTENANCE
INSTRUMENTSSYSTEM RULES/RESPONSIBILITIES INDIVIDUAL STANDARDS (GUARANTEE)OVERALL STANDARDS (GUARANTEE OR
ENHANCEMENT) PERSPECTIVES
QUALITY DEPENDENT PRICE CAP OR REVENUE CAP SYSTEMS
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
CONTINUITY OF SUPPLY REGULATION:SOME EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES
ITALY (2000)ECONOMIC INCENTIVES AND PENALTIES FOR
CONTINUITY OF SUPPLY (Q-ADJUSTED DISTRIBUTION TARIFF)
NORWAY (2001)COMPENSATION FOR ENERGY NON SUPPLIED
UNITED KINGDOM (2002)INFORMATION AND INCENTIVES PROJECT
HUNGARY (2003)Q-ADJUSTED DISTRIBUTION TARIFF
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
CONTINUITY OF SUPPLY REGULATION:U.S. EXPERIENCES(Survey sample: 42 States – Source: Ohio University 2002)
REPORTING AND MONITORING
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
PENALTIES/REWARDS
Yes: 31
Yes: 17
Yes: 6
Working on it: 1
Working on it: 5
No: 10
No: 20
No: 36
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
CONTINUITY OF SUPPLY:REGULATION MAIN STEPS
1. MEASUREMENT RULES: INTERRUPTIONS HAVE TO BE MEASURED IN THE SAME WAY ALL OVER THE COUNTRY
2. CLASSIFICATION
ORIGIN
CAUSES OF INTERRUPTIONS (RESPONSIBILITIES):
•ACTS OF GOD (“FORCE MAJEURE”)
•USERS’ OR THIRD PARTIES’ RESPONSIBILITIES GEOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION/NETWORK STRUCTURE
3. REPORTING 4. AUDIT PROCEDURES 5. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 6. ECONOMIC INCENTIVES/PENALTIES
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
REGULATORS NEEDS REGULATORS NEED RELIABLE AND
COMPARABLE STATISTICS ON FAULTS FOR:COMPARING COMPANIES, REGIONS, AND COUNTRIESSETTING STANDARDSMONITORING IMPROVEMENTSLINKING REVENUES TO QUALITY TARGETS
THESE STATISTICS SHOULD:ALLOW OMOGENEOUS COMPARISONALLOW THE USE OF FEW RELEVANT INDICATORS (NUMBER/DURATION)ALLOW FAULTS RESPONSIBILITIES SEPARATIONBE SO RELIABLE TO BE USED TO MODIFY CUSTOMERS’ BILLS (TARIFF) AND COMPANIES’ REVENUES
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
CONTINUITY OF SUPPLY: BENCHMARKING OF ACTUAL LEVELS
WIDE VARIABILITY OF DEFINITIONS AND REPORTING PRACTICES
CRITICAL ISSUES FOR COMPARISON ONLY UNPLANNED VS PLANNED+UNPLANNED INTERRUPTIONS INDICATORS WEIGHTED ON AFFECTED CUSTOMERS VS
INDICATORS WEIGHTED ON AFFECTED POWER DEFINITIONS OF ACTS OF GOD (FORCE MAJEURE) DEFINITION OF “LONG INTERRUPTION”: 3 MINUTES VS 1
MINUTE VOLTAGE LEVELS (ALL INTERRUPTIONS VS ONLY ABOVE 1kV) GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION RECORDING PRACTICES
AN INITIAL CRUDE COMPARISON HAS BEEN ATTEMPTED
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
CONTINUITY OF SUPPLY: BENCHMARKING OF ACTUAL LEVELS
0 100 200 300 400
ITALY (1)
UK
NORWAY (2)
NETHERLANDS
FRANCE (3)
SWEDEN
SPAIN (4)
PORTUGAL (5)
CUSTOMER MINUTESLOST, 1999 (UnplannedLong interruptions)
NOTES (for detail of comparison see full report)(1) Only Enel (93% of Italy)(2) Only interruptions above 1 kV(3) Excluded exceptional storms (455 min. lost storms included)(4) Only interruptions above 1 kV; TIEPI (hours lost; indicator weighted on affected power)(5) Only interruptions above 1 kV, planned and unplanned; TIEPI (see above)
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
CONTINUITY OF SUPPLY IN ITALY: North-South Differences before regulation
YEAR-CUMULATIVE DURATION OF INTERRUPTION (MINUTES LOST PER LV USER; Enel)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Central and Southern ItalyNorthern Italy
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
MEASURES OF SERVICE QUALITY (INCLUDED IN THE INCENTIVE SCHEME)
DURATION AND NUMBER OF LONG INTERRUPTIONS (PLANNED AND/OR NOT PLANNED)
ENERGY NOT SUPPLIED (ENS)
UK, VICTORIA, MA, NY, ITALY
NORWAY, ARGENTINA
DISTRIBUTION LOSSES UK, VICTORIA, MA, NYPOWER QUALITY VICTORIA, ARGENTINALABOR SAFETY MACUSTOMER SATISFACTION UK, MAMAJOR OUTAGE EVENTS NY
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
MEASURES OF SERVICE QUALITY
SYSTEM INDEXES UK, VICTORIA, MA, NY, ITALY PER DISTRIBUTOR UK PER CIRCUIT TYPE VICTORIA, MA, NY, ITALY
INDIVIDUAL INDEXES NORWAY, ARGENTINAUK, VICTORIA, MA
(GUARANTEED STANDARDS)
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
CONTINUITY OF SUPPLY MEASUREMENT IN ITALY1/ Supply Interruptions Measurements THE AUTHORITY DEFINED A METHODOLOGY
FOR MEASURING INTERRUPTIONS IN A COMMON WAY
ZONAL MEASUREMENTS FOR LV USERS AND FOR SHORT AND TRANSIENT INTERRUPTIONS IN THE MV NETWORK; AT THIS PURPOSE, TELECONTROL SYSTEM IS REQUIRED AT THE EXIT OF HIGH/MEDIUM VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
INDIVIDUAL MEASUREMENTS FOR NON PLANNED LONG (>3’) INTERRUPTIONS FOR MV USERS
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
CONTINUITY OF SUPPLY MEASUREMENT IN ITALY2/ Supply Interruptions Classifications CAUSES OF INTERRUPTIONS HAVE BEEN CLASSIFIED AS
FOLLOWS: ACTS OF GOD (“FORCE MAJEURE”): CIRCUMSTAMCES OF
EMERGENCY OR DISASTER TESTIFIED BY LOCAL OR NATIONAL AUTHORITHIES, OR WEATHER CONDITIONS BEYOND DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR NETWORKS
USERS’ OR THIRD PARTIES’ RESPONSIBILITIES DISTRIBUTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES
INTERRUPTIONS HAVE BEEN ALSO CLASSIFIED BY ORIGIN IN ORDER TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT DIFFERENT DISTRIBUTION NETWORK LAYOUTS INTERRUPTIONS ORIGINATED IN THE TRANSMISSION GRID,
DISTRIBUTION HV GRID, DISTRIBUTION MV GRID, DISTRIBUTION LV GRID
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
CONTINUITY OF SUPPLY MEASUREMENT IN ITALY3/ Territorial classifications IN ORDER TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN URBAN AREAS AND RURAL AREAS, ITALY HAS BEEN CLASSIFIED IN THREE DENSITY LEVELS: HIGH DENSITY (URBAN) AREAS: MUNICIPALITIES WITH
MORE THAN 50,000 INHABITANTS MEDIUM DENSITY (SUBURBAN) AREAS: MUNICIPALITIES
WITH MORE THAN 5,000 AND LESS THAN 50,000 INHABITANTS
LOW DENSITY (RURAL) AREAS: MUNICIPALITIES WITH LESS THAN 5,000 INHABITANTS
SPECIAL ATTENTION HAS BEEN DEVOTED TO SEPARATE LOW AND MEDIUM DENSITY AREAS (SUBURBS) FROM THE HIGH DENSITY AREAS (DOWNTOWNS) WITHIN THE LARGEST CITIES (EX: CITY OF ROME)
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
THE EFFECTS OF REGULATION IN ITALY: CUSTOMER MINUTES LOST 1998-2001
TOTAL
UNDER REGULATION
171
225 228
209
118
175188
0
50
100
150
200
250
1998 1999 2000 2001
MIN
UTI
PER
SI P
ER C
LIEN
TE A
LL'A
NN
O
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
THE EFFECTS OF REGULATION IN ITALY: CUSTOMER MINUTES LOST 1998-2001
DURATA CUMULATA TOTALE (D1+D2)
115
136131
103
224
214
126
188
376
356
328
291
171
209225
228
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1998 1999 2000 2001
MIN
UTI
NORD
CENTRO
SUD
ITALIA
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
AVERAGE NUMBER OF INTERRUPTIONS FOR CUSTOMER (Italy 1998-2001)
NUMERO MEDIO INTERRUZIONE (D1+D2)
2,5 2,62,5
2,2
5,04,6
3,2
3,9
6,8
6,0
5,65,3
3,5
3,84,44,2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1998 1999 2000 2001
MIN
UTI
NORD
CENTRO
SUD
ITALIA
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
CONCIL OF EUROPEAN ENERGY REGULATORS (CEER)WORKING GROUP ON QUALITY OF SUPPLY: OBJECTIVES
COMPARE STRATEGIES FOR DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING QUALITY OF SUPPLY REGULATION
IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION OF COMPARABLE INDICATORS/STANDARDS
BENCHMARKING STUDY ON QUALITY OF SUPPLY
POSSIBLE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR QUALITY OF SERVICE BENCHMARKING
2001 REPORT ON WWW.CEER-EU.ORG
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
CEER WORKING GROUP ON QUALITY OF SUPPLY: 2002-2003 ACTIVITIES
COMPARE STRATEGIES FOR DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING QUALITY OF SUPPLY REGULATION
IMPROVE STATISTICS COMPARABILITY (FOR REGULATORY PURPOSES)
BENCHMARKING STUDY ON QUALITY OF SUPPLY (BOTH LEVELS AND STANDARDS)
ENLARGING THE SCOPE OF COMPARISON TO PUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGATIONS
ADDRESS SPECIAL TOPICS AS FAULTS RESPONSIBILITY AND DATA AUDITS
Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas
CONCLUSION: LESSONS LEARNEDTRANSITION TOWARDS LIBERALISED RETAIL MARKET
MAY RAISE NEW QUALITY REGULATORY CHALLENGES
CUSTOMERS’ DEMAND FOR BETTER QUALITY COULD BE A STRONG INCENTIVE TO LONG-TERM IMPROVEMENT
REGULATION OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY QUALITY SHOULD BE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE PRICE SETTING PROCESS
ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL REGULATION ARE MERGING
LACK OF AGREED UPON (INTERNATIONAL & EUROPEAN) QUALITY STANDARDS MEASUREMENT PRACTICE AS WELL AS POOR PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS MAY SLACKEN REGULATORY SIMPLICITY, EFFECTIVENESS AND PROGRESS TOWARDS SINGLE ELECTRICITY MARKET