AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG...
Transcript of AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG...
![Page 1: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AUTONOMOUS
AND REDUCING GHGVEHICLES
by Ryan SnyderTransportation Planning Expert
![Page 2: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 4
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
LEVEL 4
function-specific information
combined function automation
limited self-driving automation
full self-driving automation
![Page 3: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
STATE OF THE ART
Some cars now offer COMBINED AUTOMATION (lane assist, crash avoidance)
In Autos
*Insurance Institute of Highway Safety (IIHS) (Status Report Vol. 50, No. 7, August 26, 2015.
Most cars sold today have
LEVEL 1 TECHNOLOGY
SINCE 1990s adaptive cruise control
has existed
27% of vehicles sold have automatic emergency
braking*
52% have at least
forward crash alerts*
September 2015 NHTSA and IIHS
agreed with 10 auto manufacturers to make automatic emergency
braking standard
![Page 4: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
STATE OF THE ART
1 fatality per 18.55 million miles driven**
1 injury crash per 637,000 miles driven**
Human Error Crashes
93%of crashes are caused by HUMAN ERROR
Google has had 1 crash per 125,000 miles driven; no report on injuries/ fatalities; none the fault of the car
*2NHTSA, National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey, DOT HS 811 059, July 2008. **3NHTSA Traffic Safety Facts, December 2014.
![Page 5: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
STATE OF THE ART
NHTSA is experimenting with Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) technology
General Motors will have V2V technology on some cars by 2017*
US DOT is now testing Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) technology
Communications Technology
*4GM News, “Cadillac to Introduce Advanced Intelligent and Connected Vehicle Technologies on Select 2017 Models”, September 7, 2014.
![Page 6: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
WHEN?
TODAY 2025 BEYOND
2017Google plans to
have Level 4 technology
Audi, BMV,
GM, & Nissan expect to sell
self-driving vehicles
Uncertain, but within the forseeable future
Continental
Automated Systems projects producing cars
with a high level of self-automation
2020
11%-34% of vehicles on the
road could be self-driven*
22%-59% of vehicles on the
road could be self-driven*
*Jerome Lutin, Alain Komhauser, Eva Lerner- Lam, “The Revolutionary Development of Self-Driving Vehicles and Implications for the Transportation Engineering Profession”, Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal, July 2013.
![Page 7: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
TECHNOLOGICAL POSSIBILITIESEnhanced detection of pedestrians and bicycles
![Page 8: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ECONOMICS
58 cents/mile to drive an average car*
= $725/month
With carsharing, roughly less than 72 hours/month better than owning ($10/hour)
Cost of transit bus drivers 54% of operating costs**
At some point is it cheaper to take “driverless Uber pool” than to own.
Then why own a car?
*“Your Driving Costs 2015”, American Automobile Association **American Public Transit Association, 2013 Public Transit Fact Book, p. 26.
![Page 9: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
POTENTIAL BENEFITS
Mobility for those who don’t drive
Better use of time
Less stress
Deliveries
Select an appropriate vehicle for the trip
User Conveniences
![Page 10: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
POTENTIAL BENEFITS
Fewer crashes
Already likely receiving benefits
Will improve conditions for walking and bicycling
Safety
![Page 11: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
POTENTIAL BENEFITS
Roughly double
Less congestion
More opportunities for road diets
Capacity & Better use of streets
![Page 12: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
POTENTIAL BENEFITS Capacity & Better use of streets
Before
After
![Page 13: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES Increased Capacity
![Page 15: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES Lane Clearance for Priority Vehicles
![Page 16: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES Optimized Traffic Flow
![Page 17: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
POTENTIAL BENEFITS
Cars are parked 95% of the time*
Won’t need so much parking in lots, structures or on the streets
What could we use the space for?
Land Use
*Don Shoup, The High Cost of Free Parking, American Association of Planning Press, 2005
![Page 18: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
POTENTIAL BENEFITS
Potential to reduce GHG by 87%-94%*
> Using smaller vehicles> More use of electric vehicles> Decreases in emissions of electricity
*Nature Climate Change (Jeffrey Gleenblatt and Samveg Saxena, “Autonomous Taxis Could Greatly Reduce Greenhouse-Gas Emissions of US Light-Duty Vehicles”, July 6, 2015
Environmental
![Page 19: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
POTENTIAL BENEFITS
Increased service
Faster service
New viable ridesharing services
Possibility of high-speed buses
Transit
![Page 20: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES High-Speed Buses
![Page 21: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
GREATER USE OF MICRO TRANSIT
Source: www.gizmodo.com
![Page 23: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
POTENTIAL BENEFITS
Less congestion to drive in
With lane clearance, emergency vehicles could have priority
FASTER Emergency ACCESS
![Page 24: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
POTENTIAL DRAWBACKS
Likely the biggest problem from AVs
Bus, taxi, truck, delivery driver jobs
Some other auto industry jobs
Need retraining programs to emerging technologies
Job Loss
![Page 25: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
POTENTIAL DRAWBACKS
Better use of time not driving
No stress
Reduces “cost” of driving
Enact policies to encourage efficient travel
Encouraging driving and longer commutes
![Page 26: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
POLITICS OF ALGORITHMS
Private companies might start lobbying for control Prioritize multi-occupant vehicles over single-occupant cars Ped/Bike priorities
System needs to reflect good policy over politics
Determining Priority
![Page 27: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Decide where AVs can operate during transition
Equipment requirements
Revisit the issue of a requirement for the driver
Research & Development
POLICIES
![Page 28: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
POLICIES
Pricing strategies
Give time advantages
Liability issues
MUTCD issues
Parking codes
photo cred: Volvo
photo cred: AUVSI
![Page 29: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES - Local Government Commission · 2016-09-14 · AUTONOMOUS AND REDUCING GHG VEHICLES by Ryan Snyder Transportation Planning Expert. LEVELS OF AV TECHNOLOGY LEVEL](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042220/5ec60fdb8097df0b050c2bc8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
CONCLUSIONS
AVs offer many potential benefits
Policy can and should speed AV
Policy should ensure beneficial outcomes
We should change assumption in today’s decisions