Autonomous Solar Strategies Sept. 13, 2004 uvm/~gflomenh/CDAE170
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Autonomous Solar Strategies Sept. 13, 2004 http://www.uvm.edu/~gflomenh/ CDAE170/ Gary Flomenhoft, BSME, MPP, CEE Research Associate, Gund Institute, SNR
description
Autonomous Solar Strategies Sept. 13, 2004 http://www.uvm.edu/~gflomenh/CDAE170/. Gary Flomenhoft , BSME, MPP, CEE Research Associate, Gund Institute, SNR. Why Solar?. World Oil Extraction. Peak Gas and Oil. The Epoch of Fossil Fuel Exploitation (after Hubbert, 1969). 300. 200. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Autonomous Solar Strategies Sept. 13, 2004 uvm/~gflomenh/CDAE170
Autonomous Solar StrategiesSept. 13, 2004http://www.uvm.edu/~gflomenh/CDAE170/
Gary Flomenhoft, BSME, MPP, CEEResearch Associate, Gund Institute, SNR
Why Solar?
World Oil Extraction
Peak Gas and Oil
The Epoch of Fossil Fuel Exploitation(after Hubbert, 1969)
0-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5
Iron inMiddleEast
StonehengeBuilt
Parthenoncompleted
Pyramidsconstructed
Mayanculture
Inquisition
BlackDeath
Magellan'sCircumnavigation
Steam Engine
100
200
300
Tri
llio
n k
wh
per
yea
r
Prices = Economic Scarcity
What is the scarce resource?
Scarce resource but no price150 years for feedback
Forms of Solar
GREECE
CHINA
HELIOCAMINUS
DUTCH
WINDOW INSULATION-DUTCH
HORTICULTURE
CONSERVATORY HEAT
ROOF GARDENS
SOLAR HOT DOGS
How much solar?
Vermont Fuel choices
VT Electric Energy Supply Mix2001 Vermont Own Load Electric Energy
Supply
Nuclear36.3%
Renewable4.9%Hydro
6.9%Gas
1.0%Coal0.0%Oil
1.6%
Hydro Quebec34.9%
System14.4%
John’s HouseRough Lumber from Local Mill
Spruce Siding from Local Mill
Roof Slate Recycled from Old Barn
House is Super Insulated (R 30 walls dense-pack cellulose)
Casement Windows are R 6
Heat w/ Wood, 1 cord/winter
Back-up radiant heat
1400 square feet + basement
Greenhouse is mostly recycled
Double Pane Glass in Greenhouse
Greenhouse Wood is Salvaged old-growth Cypress
NO PLYWOOD!
Passive Solar Building Strategies
1. Choose a good site.2. Orient east-west and 10deg to TRUE south3. Locate most windows on south side 7-12% of ft2.
4. Minimize windows on N,W,E sides5. Provide overhangs or shading to regulate solar gain6. Thermal storage mass7. Insulate walls, ceilings, floors, foundations, & windows8. Protect insulation from moisture9. Seal house against air infiltration; provide air
exchange10. Provide direct solar heat to each room11. Create sun free spaces12. Provide properly sized eco-friendly back-up13. Protect from wind by landscape or earth berm14. Synchronize design with living patterns
1. Choose a good site
MO. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
%SUN 34% 43% 48% 47% 53% 59% 62% 59% 51% 43% 25% 24%
HDD 1513 1333 1187 714 353 90 28 65 207 539 891 1349
TEMP WINTER=29.4F HDD=<65F = <70F INTERIOR TOT 8269
BURLINGTON, VT DATA
1. Choose a good site-bearing angle
1. Choose a good site-Altitude angle
1. Choose a good site
2. Orient EAST-WEST AXIS to TRUE south
STOP
2. Orient within 10deg to TRUE south
2800 km2800 km
2. Orient within 10deg to TRUE south
2. Orient within 10deg to TRUE south
Declination (variation)
2. Orient within 10deg to TRUE south
PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN-5 Design Elements
PASSIVE DESIGN
PASSIVE DESIGN
PASSIVE DESIGN
PASSIVE DESIGN-Direct Gain
PASSIVE DESIGN
Indirect Gain: Trombe wall (unvented)
Indirect Gain: Trombe Wall: vented
(Thermal storage or Trombe wall)
Vented Trombe wall
Indirect gain: Sunspace
Ted Montgomery’s Green Home
Garden Room
Looking South is a Sunroom Topped with PVs
Review of Indirect Gain Principles-Chiras
1. Orient south +-10 degrees
2. High performance glass
3. Thermally isolate glass
4. High quality caulk
5. Use Selective surface or high temp paint
6. Use dense material
7. Minimal interior finish
8. Insulate glass at night
Direct + Indirect glazing = MAX 20% of floor area
Selective Surfaces
3. Locate most windows on south side
South glass: 7-12% of floor footage SQUARE FOOTAGE = HEATED FLOOR AREA
EXAMPLE: 12% OF 3000 SQ FT = 360 SQ FT
4. Minimize windows on N,W,E sides North glass: <=4%East glass: <=4%West glass: <=2%Use low-e multiple panes
Windows-Yestermorrow
• Windows Facing South
• Ventilation throughout building
• Triple pane glass
PASSIVE DESIGN
What kind of windows?
What kind of windows?
What kind of windows?
What kind of windows?
What kind of windows?
What kind of windows?
What Kind of Windows?
Window insulation
5. Provide overhangs or shading to regulate solar gain
5. Provide overhangs or shading to regulate solar gain
L = Length of Projection
H = Height of window opening
L = H / F 44º latitude: F=2.0-2.7
5. Provide overhangs or shading to regulate solar gain
5. Provide overhangs or shading to regulate solar gain
6. Thermal mass-maximize surface area
Sun-tempered = 7% of floor footage. Incidental mass takes care of it (sheetrock, framing, furniture)
>7% glazing needs extra mass.
MASS 4-6” thick: *Mass proportional to glazing*
DIRECT FLOOR MASS: Each square foot of glazing over 7% x 5.5 orINDIRECT FLOOR MASS: glazing >7%sq.ft. x 40orINDIRECT WALL MASS: glazing >7% x 8.3
6. Thermal mass-Values
Adobe 20
Brick 24
Concrete 35
Earth 20
sand 22
Steel 59
Stone 35
water 63
wood 10.6
Insulated Thermal Mass Floor In Sunroom
6. Thermal mass
Radiant Heat Floor: Stained Cement
6. Thermal mass
6. Thermal mass
Solar Storage in Cans Full of High-Performance Salt(phase change)
6. Thermal mass
7. Insulate Walls, ceiling, floors, foundations, & windows
Recommendations: (Olson and Schwartz)
Climate Wall ceiling
Temperate R-30 R-60
Cold R-40 R-80
Hot R-40 R-80
Kachadorian(Vermont)
R-32 R-40
Fiberglass/cellulose = R3/inch
R-80 = 27”!
7. Insulation
7. Insulate Walls, ceiling, floors, foundations, & windows
7. Insulate Walls, ceiling, floors, foundations, & windows
7. Insulation-cold attic
7. Insulation-cold attic
7. Insulation-cathedal ceiling or warm attic-roof spans
7. Insulation
7. Insulation-summary
Saskatchewan superinsulated house quote.
8. Protect insulation from moisture:
Use vapor barrier on warm side
9. Seal House against air infiltration; provide air exchange
9. Seal house against infiltration; provide air exchange
10. Provide direct solar heat to each room-clerestories
10. Provide direct solar heat to each room-clerestories
Cordwood construction
10. Provide direct solar heat to each room-Skylight
10. Provide direct solar heat (&light) to each room
10. Provide direct solar heat (&light) to each room
“Solar Tubes” Day Lighting
11. Create sun-free spaces
“Solar Tubes” From Inside
11. Create sun-free spaces
Central Wood Pellet Boiler
12. Provide properly sized eco-friendly back-up
Wood Pellets
12. Provide properly sized eco-friendly back-up
Berming for InsulationAndWind protection
Prefinished metal roof
13. Protect from wind by landscaping or earth berm
14. Synchronize with living patterns?
SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS
Solar Hot water: Collectors-Flat Plate
Solar Hot water: Collectors-Flat Plate
Solar Hot Water Collectors-Evacuated tube
Solar Hot Water Collectors-Evacuated tube
100% heat and hot water/no fuel-ground source heat pump
Photovoltaic Systems
(Electricity)
Photovoltaic Systems- Rigid panels on roof
PV Systems-BIPS-standing seam metal systems
PV Systems- BIPS-Field Applied Roofing Laminate (PVL)
PV Systems-BIPS “sunslate” solar tiles
PV Systems-Sunslate tile (crystalline)
PV Systems-BIPS: Uni-Solar tiles (amorphous)
PV Systems-BIPS Uni-solar tiles
100% power Vermont -Combine PV & wind w/grid intertie=less batteries
100% power-Grid tie & independent inverter
