Automotive Systems course (Module 00) - automotive systems overview

27 de setembro de 2016 | 1

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Automotive Systems Overview

Mário Alves ([email protected])

mailto:[email protected]


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Automotive Systems – Outline

Main Systems Supporting Systems Auxiliary Systems

1. Body & Chassis 12. Charging 18. Active Safety

2. Engine 13. Starting 19. Passive Safety

3. Fuel 14. Lighting & Signalling 21. Security

4. Exhaust 15. Ignition 22. HVAC

5. Lubrication 16. Pre-Heating 23. Infotainment

6. Cooling 17. In-vehicle Comm. 24. Interior Lighting

7. Drivetrain ... 25. V2X Communications

8. Steering 26. On-Board Diagnosis

9. Braking

10. Suspension

11. Wheels & Tires

Underlined topics will be addressed more thoroughly in the SIAUT course


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1. Body and Chassis

• Body (aka Autobody) is the outer fiberglass/metal shell of an

automobile (as opposed to the chassis)

• http://www.dictionary.com/browse/auto-body

• Chassis (aka Vehicle Frame), is the main supporting structure

of a car, i.e. a frame upon which the main parts of an

automobile are built

• http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chassis

• The construction design can be:

• Body-on-Frame (separated chassis and body)

• Unibody (integrated chassis and body)

https://youtu.be/IhbXPzPlzNI




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1. Body and Chassis

• Unibody construction

• Most road cars today utilize unibody construction, i.e. the body of the

car is integrated with the chassis.

https://www.quora.com/What-does-the-chassis-of-a-car-look-like




















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1. Body and Chassis

• Body-on-Frame construction

• Trucks may use body-on-frame construction, i.e. the body just sits on

top of the chassis.

http://http://gwagendays.com/vehicle/

http://http/gwagendays.com/vehicle/





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2. Engine

• Road vehicle Engines

• Internal Combustion (ICE)

• Air/fuel combustion occurs inside a cylinder

• Reciprocating or Rotary piston movement

• Spark Ignition (SI) or Compression Ignition (CI)

• 2/4-stroke cycle

• Hybrid

• ICE + Electrical

• Series/Parallel

• Electric

• DC/AC

https://xorl.wordpress.com/2011/03/05/the-basics-of-4-stroke-internal-combustion-engines/


















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3. Fuel System

• Main components (for SI and CI)

• Fuel tank

• Fuel pump(s)

• Fuel filter

• (Fuel accumulator)

• Fuel injectors

http://bilan.dynu.com/fuel-system-diagram








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4. Exhaust System

• Objective

• route exhaust gases from the engine, safely, silently and such that gas

emissions do not harm humans nor the environment

• Components

• catalytic converters + particulate filters, to reduce emissions of

pollutants,

• Mufflers, for noise attenuation,

• exhaust manifold, pipes,…

https://www.dieselnet.com/tech/diesel_exh_sys.php#intro




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5. Lubrication System

• Objective

• Lubricating the moving parts of an ICE

• Cooling

• Components

• Oil pan

• Pickup screen

• Oil pump

• Oil filter

• Oil galleries/nozzles

• Oil pressure indicator

• Oil level indicator

http://schoolworkhelper.net/car-oil-lubrication-system-overview/












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6. Cooling System

• Objective

• keep the engine at its most efficient operating temperature, at all

speeds and under all operating conditions

• Components

• Radiator

• Fan

• Water pump

• Thermostat

http://teresasgarage.com/automotive-411/engines-cooling-system/teresasgarageonlinestore










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7. Drivetrain (Power Transmission System)

• Objective

• to transfer engine power to the driving wheels, enabling a smooth and

optimal operation at all driving

• Components

• (Crankshaft), Flywheel, Clutch, Gearbox

• Propeller/Drive-Shaft, Differential, Front/Rear Axles

http://www.wikipedy.com/free_car_facts_about_automobiles_associations.htm

http://www.wikipedy.com/free_car_facts_about_automobiles_associations.htm


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8. Steering System

• Objective

• to enable the driver to steer the wheel, safely and smoothly

• Components

• drive wheel, steering column/shaft, rack/pinion steering gear

• (power steering reservoir, pump and hoses)

http://repairpal.com/power-steering






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9. Braking System

• Objective

• to enable the driver to reduce the vehicle’s speed, safely and smoothly

• Components

• Brake pedal, master cylinder, combination valve, drum/disk brakes,

tubes/hoses







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10. Suspension System

• Objective

• maximize friction between tires and road

• guarantee steering stability

• maximize passengers comfort

• Components

• springs

• shock Absorbers (dampers)

• torsion bars

• anti-sway/anti-roll bars

http://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-suspension4.htm






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11. Wheels and Tires

• Objective

• robust, lightweight

• maximize friction with road, during acceleration and braking

• guarantee steering, acceleration and braking stability

• minimize rolling noise

• under different road and weather conditions

• for tens of thousands of km

• Components

http://www.3dartistonline.com/image/12680/tire_cutaway




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12. Charging System

• Objective

• Supply all required energy for the electrical and electronic systems

• Robust, light

• Components

• Battery

• Alternator

• Voltage Regulator

• Fuses/cables

• Ignition switch

• Drive Belt

http://motorist.org/articles/battery-information






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13. Starting System

• Objective

• Driving the ICE (at 80-100 RPM) so as to initiate the engine's

operation under its own power.

• Components

• Battery

• Ignition Switch (Start)

• (Flywheel/Ring Gear)

• (Drive) Pinion Gear

• Starter Motor (or Starter)

• Starter Solenoid/Relay







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14. Lighting & Signaling Systems

• Objective

• light the roadway for the driver and allow others to see the vehicle's

presence, position, size, direction, and the driver's intentions regarding

direction and speed

• Components

• Headlights, Taillights, Stoplights, Front/Rear Fog-lights, Turning

lamps, Reversing lamps

http://www.car-lighting-selector.com/en/features.html








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15. Ignition System (for SI engines)

• Objective

• Ignite the air/fuel mixture in Spark Ignition (SI) ICEs

• Components

• Battery

• Spark Plugs

• (High Voltage Cables)

• Ignition Coil(s)

• (Distributor)

• Igniter(s)

• ECU

• Sensors

http://repairpal.com/ignition-system






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16. Preheating System (for CI engines)

• Objective

• Pre-heat the pre-chamber (indirect injection) or combustion chamber

(direct injection) to aid starting Compression Ignition engines

• Components

• Battery

• Glow Plugs

• High Current Cables

• Relay(s)

• (voltage divider resistor)

• ECU

• Sensors

http://www.tb-training.co.uk/MarineE07.html







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17. In-vehicle Communications

• Objective

• enable inter-communication between sensors, controllers and actuators

• Examples

• CAN

• FlexRay

• LIN

• MOST

• Bluetooth

http://www.renesas.eu/applications/automotive/technology/networking/index.jsp




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18. Active Safety Systems

• Objective

• Help (the driver) to prevent accidents

• Examples

• Braking

• Traction

• Cruise speed

• Vehicle Stability

• Obstacles detection

• Driver’s attention

• Ergonomics

• …

http://www.kestrelradarsensors.com/doppler-radar/






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19. Passive Safety Systems

• Objective

• Protect people (occupants, pedestrian) injury upon accident

• Examples

• Seatbelts

• Airbags (int/ext)

• Headrests

• Car structure

• Car body/glasses

• Baby chairs

• …

http://www.motorward.com/2012/03/volvo-v40-pedestrian-airbag-technology-explained/














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20. Security Systems

• Objective

• Protect/discourage violation of the vehicle/occupants

• device installed in a vehicle in an attempt to discourage theft of the

vehicle itself, it

• Examples

• Door lock

• Alarm

• Cybersecurity

• …

https://gigaom.com/2013/08/06/ciscos-remedy-for-connected-car-security-treat-the-car-like-an-enterprise/


























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21. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems

• Objective

• Control cabin temperature and humidity

• Components

• Radiator

• Water pump & valve

• A/C belt & compressor

• Ventilation fan & hoses

• ECU & sensors

http://repairpal.com/heating-ac






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22. Infotainment Systems

• Objective

• Providing Information and Entertainment services to occupants

• Examples

• Dashboard, navigation, traffic/weather, multimedia, HUD,…

http://telematicswire.net/parrot-signs-rear-seat-infotainment-deal-with-a-german-car-maker-for-their-4-door-sports-car/




































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23. Interior Lighting Systems

• Objective

• Providing lighting to occupants, inside the vehicle

http://averagejoerestoration.com/1966-mustang-wiring-diagrams/










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24. Accessories Control Systems

• Objective

• Electrical automatic integrated

operation of different accessories

• Examples

• Doors/trunk

• Windows, roof/convertible top

• Mirrors adjustment

• Wipers/washers

• Window/mirror defoggers

• Headlights leveling

• Seats adjustment/heating

http://qnxauto.blogspot.pt/2014/01/qnx-at-ces-key-fob-on-steroids.html
















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25. V2X Communication Systems (Telematics)

• Objective

• Share critical real-time information between vehicles (V2V), road

infrastructure (V2I) and pedestrian, for improved safety, security,

traffic flow, comfort, entertainment, remote diagnosis…

• Examples

• Collision mitigation (lane change, brake, intersection)

• Traffic signs scheduling

• Remote diagnosis

• Emergency assistance

http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/4/3/380/htm






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25. Vehicle Diagnostics/Inspection Systems

• Objective

• Facilitate, automate and normalize vehicle diagnosis/inspection

through appropriate standards, procedures and tools

• Examples

• On-Board Diagnosis

• Remote Diagnosis

• Test & Measurement tools

• Periodic Vehicle Inspection

http://www.bosch-presse.de/presseforum/details.htm?txtID=4789&locale=en






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Glossary (English Portuguese)


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Bibliography

[1] http://www.slideshare.net/ShobhitGosain1/defining-automotive-technology-by-

soulsteer

[2] http://www.howdoesacarwork.com/

[3]

http://www.slideshare.net/ShobhitGosain1/defining-automotive-technology-by-soulsteer










http://www.howdoesacarwork.com/

http://www.howdoesacarwork.com/

Automotive Systems course (Module 00) - automotive systems overview

Engineering

Transcript of Automotive Systems course (Module 00) - automotive systems overview