Automating Wet Chemical Analysis - EZkem · Market Specialist for Water Analyzer Products December...
Transcript of Automating Wet Chemical Analysis - EZkem · Market Specialist for Water Analyzer Products December...
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Automating Wet Chemical Analysis
William Lipps Market Specialist for Water Analyzer Products
December 11, 2008
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The advantages of automating wet
chemical analysis.
• Save time
• Decrease cost
• Improve quality
• Reduce waste
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• Do more samples
• Do more samples
• Do more samples
The benefits of automating wet
chemical analysis
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The economic advantage of
automation is greater throughput.
More Samples = More Money
“Silent Hours” – 3X Throughput
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The simplest forms of automation are
now common laboratory tools.
• Magnetic stirrer
• Auto filling burettes
• Vacuum filtration
• Bottle top dispensers
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Almost any chemistry can be
automated.
• Alkalinity
• Ammonia
• Chloride
• Nitrate
• Nitrite
• Nitrogen, Total
Kjeldahl (TKN)
• Phenolics
• ortho-
Phosphate
• Total
Phosphorus
• Silica
• Sulfide
• Sulfate
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Automate the labor intensive
extractions and digestions.
• Digestion
• Distillation
• Solvent extraction
• Gas diffusion
• Dialysis
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Make your life easier by automating
time consuming, manual methods.
Detector
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Automated methods should be easy
and obtain better results.
• “easy-to-use”
• Better results
• Lower cost per test
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Potential profit and cost savings is
high.
CATC OIA 1677
Wage $15 $15
Labor hours 4 1
Labor + OH $150 $37.5
Capacity (day) 10 480
Per Test Price $25 $25
Potential Profit $100 $ 10, 360
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Two important questions to answer
before choosing an analyzer.
• Will I have a lot of samples for the
same tests?
• Or, will I have a lot of tests for a few
samples?
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Two important automated chemistry
technologies.
Automated Wet Chemistry
SFA FIA Discrete
Continuous Flow Robotic
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Continuous flow analyzers move liquid
continuously through tubing.
• Continuous flowing stream
• Mixing coils
• Detector
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Segmented Flow Analysis minimizes
dispersion with air bubbles.
• Original Automated Analyzer
• Approved in regulatory test methods
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The air bubbles minimize carryover
from one segment to the next.
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The air segments ensure mixing and
maximum color formation.
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The limited dispersion results in
rectangular peaks with flat tops.
Summation of Multiple Segments
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A real example of segmented flow
peaks
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Segmented flow limits dispersion
and enables steady state reactions.
• Low MDL
• Excellent Precision
• Steady state reactions
• Limited dispersion
• High throughput
• Easily expandable
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Flow injection analysis injects sample
into an unsegmented stream.
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Flow injection does not segment with
air and sample mixes by dispersion.
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The FIA peak is shaped like a bell
curve.
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Example of real FIA peaks
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Flow injection analysis has high
throughput and is easy to use.
• High throughput
• Excellent Precision
• Ease of use
• No de-bubbling
• Rapid startup and shutdown
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Segmented flow peaks reach
steady state and maximum color
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SFA allows longer reactions for greater
color; FIA has greater throughput.
SFA FIA
Sample intro time loop
Volume ~200 µL ~200 µL
Max delay
time
10 minutes 1 - 2
minutes
Sample/hour 40 - 90 30 - 120
RSD < 2% < 2%
Reagent
(mL)
2 - 3 2 - 4
* OI Analytical FS 3100
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Use Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA)
when you have a lot of samples to run.
• Choose CFA when automating a lot
of samples for a few tests!
• Exception – CNSolution
– No distillation makes CN analysis
economical regardless of sample
load
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What is a Discrete Analyzer?
• Reactions in individual cuvettes
• Mixing within the cuvette
• Measurement within the cuvette
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A discrete analyzer is a multi-
chemistry analyzer
• Batch Selective Analysis
• True Random Access
• Automatic Method Interchange
• “Hands off” operation
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A discrete analyzer simplifies
automated chemistry.
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A discrete analyzer uses cuvettes
instead of pump tubes
• Sample dispensed into cuvette
• Sample is blanked
• Reagents added to sample
• Sample incubates in cuvette
• Instrument measures absorbance
• Result calculated
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The cuvette contains each individual
reaction.
• No peaks – single absorbance
reading
• No interaction between samples
• Equilibrium reactions (maximum
color)
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Startup is easy because there are
no pump tubes or flows
• Reduces Turn-Around-Time
• Unattended Operation
• Only runs requested tests
• Standards Prepared Automatically
• Automatically Dilutes over-range samples
• No pump tubes
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Use discrete analyzers for widely
differing matrices and daily routines.
• Choose discrete when automating a
few samples for a lot of tests.
• Choose a discrete analyzer when
running a variety of matrices, or
parameters.
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CFA methods are faster than discrete
methods.
Discrete CFA
Reagents per test Continuously
flowing
Carryover None Need wash
solution
Throughput Function of #
reagents
Determined by
peak width
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Discrete analyzers can run any method
without operator intervention.
Discrete CFA
Sensitivity Standard
Detector
ER Detector
# Tests per
run
Limited by
programming
Limited by #
detectors
Fluid System Disposable
cuvettes
Pump tubes
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Discrete analyzers require almost no
maintenance
Discrete CFA
Operator
maintenance
Limited Change
pump tubes
Initial setup
per test
none 5 – 10
minutes
Final
teardown
per test
none 5 – 10
minutes
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OI Automated Analyzers cover all
needs
FS IV FS3100 DA3500
Mode Continuous
or batch
Continuous
or batch
Batch
Selective no no yes
Random no no yes
Fast yes yes no
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Choose an automated chemistry based
on your needs
• The technique to use depends on:
– Sample load
– Tests per sample
– Analytical Requirements (MDL,
etc)
• Make educated choice on what is
best for your application
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For Additional Information
Questions and Comments?
Please visit our website at:
www.oico.com