AUTOMATING THE 34KV SYSTEM 1992 to 2001 -...
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Wayne N. Zessin Wayne N. Zessin Senior Engineer Senior Engineer Reliability Programs Reliability Programs 34kV Automation Utilizing ALRS switches and IntelliTEAM™
Transcript of AUTOMATING THE 34KV SYSTEM 1992 to 2001 -...
Wayne N. ZessinWayne N. ZessinSenior EngineerSenior EngineerReliability ProgramsReliability Programs
34kV AutomationUtilizing ALRS switches
and IntelliTEAM™
ComEd Service TerritoryComEd Service Territory
–– More than 3.7 million customers More than 3.7 million customers –– 11,400 square miles11,400 square miles–– 1.4 million distribution poles1.4 million distribution poles–– Distribution Circuits Distribution Circuits
»» 44,000 miles of overhead 44,000 miles of overhead circuitscircuits
»» 46,000 miles of underground 46,000 miles of underground circuits circuits
–– 5,182 circuits5,182 circuits»» 4,912 4/12kV Circuits4,912 4/12kV Circuits»» 270 34kV Circuits270 34kV Circuits
–– 1,042 substations1,042 substations
Why 34kv?Why 34kv?
34kV is “34kV is “SubtransmissionSubtransmission””Serves substationsServes substations--not not individual customersindividual customers
Can isolate blocks of loadCan isolate blocks of loadBiggest Bang for the BuckBiggest Bang for the Buck
34kv Automated Switches 34kv Automated Switches Installed at Installed at ComedComed Since 1992Since 1992
Presently over 850 switchesPresently over 850 switches
34kV 34kV SECTIONALIZINGSECTIONALIZING
How How Automatic Sectionalizers Automatic Sectionalizers
OperateOperate
GENERAL INFORMATION
• They do not interrupt fault current
• They do not interrupt fault current
• They operate while the source circuit breaker is open
• They do not interrupt fault current
• They operate while the source circuit breaker is open
• They are load break switches
• They do not interrupt fault current
• They operate while the source circuit breaker is open
• They are load break switches
• They use voltage and current sensing to determine if a fault is present
• They use local intelligence preprogrammed into the control to determine when to operate
EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT
SCADAMateSCADAMate SwitchSwitchIntelliteam ControllerIntelliteam ControllerUtilinetUtilinet RadioRadio
SwitchSwitch
Integrated Distribution Automation SwitchIntegrated Distribution Automation Switch–– Completely Assembled, ready to install on poleCompletely Assembled, ready to install on pole–– Totally Sealed Load Break Interrupters (SF6)Totally Sealed Load Break Interrupters (SF6)–– Integral Current Transformers and Voltage SensorsIntegral Current Transformers and Voltage Sensors–– Full Load Break Interruption to 600+ Amps.Full Load Break Interruption to 600+ Amps.–– Visible Break For Line Work Visible Break For Line Work
ControlControlDesigned to Operate with Designed to Operate with SCADAMateSCADAMate SwitchSwitchBattery BackedBattery Backed--up to Allow Dead Line up to Allow Dead Line OperationOperationRadio Communications for Team and SCADA Radio Communications for Team and SCADA CommunicationsCommunicationsTeam Logic for Fault Isolation and Automatic Team Logic for Fault Isolation and Automatic Line Reconfiguration.Line Reconfiguration.SCADA Control/Data Acquisition with SCADA Control/Data Acquisition with Unlicensed Spread Spectrum Radios Unlicensed Spread Spectrum Radios
CommunicationsCommunications
• Switches Communicate Amongst Themselves and to SCADA through the Utilinet radio / fiber to System Dispatching (LD’s office)
Communication
SUB 1
SUB 2 ALRS
CB
CB
ALRS
ALRSR
R
R
SystemDispatching
Looped Fiber Network
SCADA ConsoleDispatching Center
FIG
DNP Encapsulatedin LPP Protocol
Head End Radio
32 Head End RadioSites Around ComEd
Microwave Link
( Remote SCADA Computer )
UtilinetUtilinet Repeater RadioRepeater Radio
SCADASCADA
Only For Reporting Switch Only For Reporting Switch Operations and Dispatcher ControlOperations and Dispatcher ControlAutomatic Control Does Not Require Automatic Control Does Not Require a Central SCADA Computera Central SCADA ComputerIf Communications is LostIf Communications is Lost–– Only a Portion of the Network is OutOnly a Portion of the Network is Out–– Switches Will Still operate AutomaticallySwitches Will Still operate Automatically
Standard IntelliteamStandard Intelliteam (ITI) Commonly referred (ITI) Commonly referred
as ALRS Switchesas ALRS Switches
Automatic Line Reconfiguration Sectionalizer
----X----X----X----| |----X----X----X----9901 9902 9903 9900 9803 9802 9801 RDY
----X---- CLOSED SWITCH----| |---- OPEN SWITCH9901 RTU ADDRESS & SWITCH NUMBER
POINTS TO LOCAL SWITCH LOCATIONRDY TEAM IS READY FOR AUTOMATIC TRANSFER
SAMPLE LCD PANEL FOR A SWITCH TEAM
Switches are Arranged in Groups Called “Teams” in
a Linear Arrangement of 2 to 7 switches
Switches are installed to Switches are installed to provide an alternate source of provide an alternate source of power for small substations power for small substations
(DC’s) serving multiple (DC’s) serving multiple customerscustomers
Transformers are typically Transformers are typically 6250kVA or 9375kVA6250kVA or 9375kVA
Team OperationTeam OperationTwo Radial Lines With One or More Two Radial Lines With One or More ALRS’sALRS’s &&
One Normally Open ALRS at Tie (EMC)One Normally Open ALRS at Tie (EMC)ALRS’s Open to Isolate the fault on Stand Alone
Sectionalizing Logic (2-Counts)Radio Communicate to Determine the Faulted SegmentThe Switch Downstream From the Fault Opens to
Isolate the Fault & Other Upstream Switches Not Isolating the Fault Close
The Tie Switch Closes to Pick Up Load
T S S 11
T S S 12
DC 1 DC 2
CB
DC 3 DC 4
ALRS23CB
ALRS10ALRS12ALRS11
ALRS21 ALRS22
Typical Two Line Set-up of Sectionalizing Switches
Radial Line Team (ALRS) Operation
T S S 11
T S S 12
DC 1 DC 2
CB
DC 3 DC 4
ALRS23CB
ALRS10ALRS12ALRS11
ALRS21 ALRS22
Fault
A Fault Occurs between ALRS 11 and ALRS12
T S S 11
T S S 12
DC 1 DC 2
CB
DC 3 DC 4
ALRS23CB
ALRS10ALRS12ALRS11
ALRS21 ALRS22
Fault
CB Opens to Clear the Fault. ALRS11 Stays Close as it is Set for “2” Counts to Open (Loadbreak Not Fault Break Device)
T S S 11
T S S 12
DC 1 DC 2
CB
DC 3 DC 4
ALRS23CB
ALRS13ALRS12ALRS11
ALRS21 ALRS22
Fault
Circuit Breaker Closes (after Std. 15 Sec. Open time). CB Closes Into Permanent Fault
T S S 11
T S S 12
DC 1 DC 2
CB
DC 3 DC 4
ALRS23CB
ALRS10ALRS12ALRS11
ALRS21 ALRS22
Fault
CB Opens a 2nd Time to Clear the Fault. ALRS 11 Counts 2 (Overcurrent and Loss of Voltage) Breaker Operations
T S S 11
T S S 12
DC 1 DC 2
CB
DC 3 DC 4
ALRS23CB
ALRS10ALRS12ALRS11
ALRS21 ALRS22
Fault
ALRS 11 Count to Open (2) Has been Satisfied and Opens While the CB is Opens (ALRS11 Cannot Break Fault Current)
T S S 11
T S S 12
DC 1 DC 2
CB
DC 3 DC 4
ALRS23CB
ALRS10ALRS12ALRS11
ALRS21 ALRS22
Fault
CB Recloses (After std. 30 Sec Open Time). DC 1 Back in Service. Team Starts Talking to Locate the Fault.
T S S 11
T S S 12
DC 1 DC 2
CB
DC 3 DC 4
ALRS23CB
ALRS10ALRS12ALRS11
ALRS21 ALRS22
Fault
Radios for ALRS11, ALRS12 & ALRS10 Exchange Fault Information & Determine Fault is between ALRS11 & ALRS12
RR R
T S S 11
T S S 12
DC 1 DC 2
CB
DC 3 DC 4
ALRS23CB
ALRS10ALRS12ALRS11
ALRS21 ALRS22
Fault
From the Information Received From ALRS11 & ALRS10, ALRS12 Opens to Isolate the Upstream Fault.
RR R
T S S 11
T S S 12
DC 1 DC 2
CB
DC 3 DC 4
ALRS23CB
ALRS10ALRS12ALRS11
ALRS21 ALRS22
Fault
From the Information Received From ALRS12, ALRS10 Knows, the Fault was Isolated By ALRS12, and Closes
RR R
Load Transfer InhibitsLoad Transfer Inhibits
Teams/Switches Are Preprogrammed With A Teams/Switches Are Preprogrammed With A Maximum Allowable Transfer.Maximum Allowable Transfer.The Team Will Only PickThe Team Will Only Pick--up Load That Will up Load That Will Not Overload The Alternate Line.Not Overload The Alternate Line.
Summary Summary Local Intelligence on Fault Isolation (No Block)Local Intelligence on Fault Isolation (No Block)Permissive on Load ReconfigurationPermissive on Load Reconfiguration–– Automatic Block of Reconfiguration if Alternate Line Automatic Block of Reconfiguration if Alternate Line
Will OverloadWill Overload–– Will Not Allow a Transfer if Any Control AbnormalWill Not Allow a Transfer if Any Control Abnormal
»» Any Control In ManualAny Control In Manual»» Any Communication ProblemAny Communication Problem»» Control Failure (Not Responding to Team)Control Failure (Not Responding to Team)»» Low Battery on any ControlLow Battery on any Control
Full SCADA Control of Switches Full SCADA Control of Switches
34kV AutomationUtilizing ALRS switches
and IntelliTEAM II ™
TSS 73
DC K18
DC F36 DC F16
CB
DC K44
Line 7347 with Intelliteam IOnly 1 team with 7 switches;
Line L7065 and Switch 4700 not included
L7066
4735 4737 47164715
L7065
470047384717 4739
NOTAUTOMATED
R
TSS 73
DC K18
DC F36 DC F16
CB
DC K44
Line 7347 with Intelliteam I(System reconfigured – after fault)
L7066
4735 4737 47164715
L7065
470047384717 4739
NOTAUTOMATED
R
Fault
DC F36Restored
F16 & K44Dropped
IntelliTEAM II Rules:IntelliTEAM II Rules:–– A team is now a line segment bounded by switchesA team is now a line segment bounded by switches–– Teams can include Teams can include up toup to 8 switches8 switches–– Teams can have Teams can have up toup to 8 separate sources of supply8 separate sources of supply–– After reconfiguration, the remaining teams can reconfigure After reconfiguration, the remaining teams can reconfigure
again if another fault occursagain if another fault occurs–– If multiple sources are available, a preferred source can be If multiple sources are available, a preferred source can be
programmed into the schemeprogrammed into the scheme–– Teams Teams cancan have zero, one or many N.O. switcheshave zero, one or many N.O. switches–– Switches Switches cancan belong to multiple teamsbelong to multiple teams–– Software Agents (coaches) circulate among the teams and Software Agents (coaches) circulate among the teams and
“call the plays” to keep customers in service“call the plays” to keep customers in service–– Note: IT2 not usable on network linesNote: IT2 not usable on network lines
IntelliTEAM II IntelliTEAM II –– How It WorksHow It Works
TSS 73
DC F36 DC F16
CB
DC K44
Line 7347 with Intelliteam IIEight Switches in Six Teams
Line L7065 and Switch 4700 now included
4735 4737 47164715
L7065
470047384717 4739DC K18
L7066NOT
AUTOMATED
R
Team #1
Team #4
Team #5
Team #3
Team #2
Team #6
TSS 73
DC F36 DC F16
CB
DC K44
Line 7347 with Intelliteam II(System reconfigured – after fault)
4735 4737 47164715
L7065
470047384717 4739DC K18
L7066NOT
AUTOMATED
R
Fault
AllDC’sRestored
TSS 1
DC 1 DC 2
SW 11
DC 4
DC 3TSS 3
TSS 2SW 15SW 12
SW 13 SW 14
SW 16
SW 31
SW 21
TSS 1
DC 1 DC 2
Intelliteam II
SW 11
DC 4
DC 3TSS 3
TSS 2
SW 15SW 12
SW 13 SW 14
SW 16
SW 31
SW 21
Requires 6 teams to include all SW-All 2 switch teams except SW14-15-16 team-Transfer capability can be affected by line config.
3 switch team
TSS 1
DC 1 DC 2
SW 11
DC 4
DC 3TSS 3
TSS 2
SW 15SW 12
SW 13 SW 14
SW 16
SW 31
SW 21
Fault
Fault on Line out of TSS 1
Intelliteam II
TSS 1
DC 1 DC 2
SW 11
DC 4
DC 3TSS 3
TSS 2
SW 15SW 12
SW 13 SW 14
SW 16
SW 31
SW 21
Fault
All Switches on affected line open
Intelliteam II
TSS 1
DC 1 DC 2
SW 11
DC 4
DC 3TSS 3
TSS 2
SW 15SW 12
SW 13 SW 14
SW 16
SW 31
SW 21
Fault
Which switch to close??
Intelliteam II
TSS 1
DC 1 DC 2
SW 11
DC 4
DC 3TSS 3
TSS 2
SW 15SW 12
SW 13 SW 14
SW 16
SW 31
SW 21
Fault
Can specify to always restore via SW 16...or not
Intelliteam II
TSS 1
DC 1 DC 2
SW 11
DC 4
DC 3TSS 3
TSS 2
SW 15SW 12
SW 13 SW 14
SW 16
SW 31
SW 21
Fault
Line reconfigured after fault
Intelliteam II
TSS 1
DC 1 DC 2
SW 11
DC 4
DC 3TSS 3
TSS 2
SW 15SW 12
SW 13 SW 14
SW 16
SW 31
SW 21
Fault Fault
Second fault occurs
Intelliteam II
TSS 1
DC 1 DC 2
SW 11
DC 4
DC 3TSS 3
TSS 2
SW 15SW 12
SW 13 SW 14
SW 16
SW 31
SW 21
Fault
Line reconfigures after second fault - assuming loading capability available
Intelliteam II
Fault
Wayne N. ZessinWayne N. ZessinSenior EngineerSenior Engineer
Reliability ProgramsReliability Programs
Fini
