Automatic Street Light Project Report

8/10/2019 Automatic Street Light Project Report

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A PROJECT REPORT ON

AUTOMATIC STREET CONTROLLER WITHVISITOR COUNTER

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIRMENT FOR THE DEGREE

OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGYIn

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

By

Under the guidance of


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TABLE OF CONTENT

Certificate 3

Abstract 4

Declaration 5

Acknowledgement 6

Objective 7

Introduction 8

Component used- Part A 10

Component used-Part B 11

555 integrated circuit 12

IC-555 Astable operation 15

Schematic for constant HV power supply 16

Condenser Microphone 19

Capacitor 21

Piezo buzzer 22

Relay 23

Telemetry circuit explanation 25

Working of telephone cradle switch 26

Dual tone multiple frequency encoder 30

Working of system 32

C program embedded code 37

Applications 40

Bibliography 41


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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project Report entitled AUTOMATIC

STREET LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH VISITOR COUNTER

that is submitted by MOHIT AWASTHI in partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the award of the degree B.Tech in Department of

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS of______________, is a

record of the candidate own work carried out by him under my own

supervision. The matter embodies in thesis is original and has not

been submitted for the award of any other degree.

Date: Project guide:


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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is own work and that, to the best of my

knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written byanother person nor material which to a substantial extend has been accepted for the

award of the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other

institute of the higher leaning except where due acknowledgement has been madein the text.

Signature:

Name:

Roll No.:

Date:


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I am deeply indebted to my mentor Ast. Prof. SATYJEET DASwho inspiration has been unfailingly available to me at all stages of my training.

This has fueled my enthusiasm even further and encouraged me to boldly step into

what was a totally dark and unexplored expanse before me.

I would like to thank Prof. Y.K SAH for his efforts, who was always ready with apositive comment, whether it was an off-hand comment to encourage me or

constructive piece of criticism.In course of present work it has been my privilege to receive help and assistance of

my friends. I take great pleasure in acknowledge my debt to them.

I wish to thank my parents for their undivided support and interest who inspiredme and encouraged me to go my own way, without whom I would be unable tocomplete my project. At last but not the least I want to thank my friends who

appreciated me for my work and motivated me and finally to God who made all thethings possible.

Signature:

Name:Roll no.Date:


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CHAPTER :- 1

Project Overview

Introduction Of Project

1.1 Project Overview

The aim of this project is to reduce the power consumption as well

as maintenance by providing the Photo sensor that switches the light on

and off automatically. The main feature of the Photo sensor is its a light

dependent resistor. A small hardware model, which is as real as real

world application, is built in this project. As the light falls off these

sensors switch on the street light and vice-versa.

The microcontroller does the above job. It receives the signals

from the sensors, and this signal is operated under the control of

software which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller AT89C52

continuously monitor the Infrared Receivers, When any object pass

rough the IR Receiver's then the IR Rays falling on the receiver are

obstructed , this obstruction is sensed by the Microcontroller


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CHAPTER :- 2

BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ITSDESCRIPTION

2.1 Basic Block Diagram

Enter Exit

Fig. 2.1 Basic Block Diagram

Enter Sensor

Exit Sensor

Power Supply

Signal

Conditioning

A

T

89

S

5

2

Light

Relay DriverSignal

Conditioning


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2.2 Block Diagram Description

The basic block diagram of the bidirectional visitor

counter with automatic light controller is shown in the above

figure. Mainly this block diagram consist of the following

essential blocks.

1.Power Supply

2.Entry and Exit sensor circuit

3.AT 89C52 micro-controller

4.Relay driver circuit

1.Power Supply:-

Here we used +12V and +5V dc power supply. The

main function of this block is to provide the required amount

of voltage to essential circuits. +12 voltage is given. +12V is

given to relay driver. To get the +5V dc power supply we

have used here IC 7805, which provides the +5V dc

regulated power supply.

2.

Enter and Exit Circuits:-

This is one of the main part of our project. The main

intention of this block is to sense the person. For sensing the

person and light we are using the light dependent register


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(LDR). By using this sensor and its related circuit diagram

we can count the persons.

3.

89S52 Microcontroller:-

It is a low-power, high performance CMOS 8-bit

microcontroller with 8KB of Flash Programmable and

Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The device is

manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile

memory technology and is compatible with the MCS-51TM

instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the

program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a

conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By

combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic

hip, the Atmel AT89C52 is a powerful

Microcontroller, which provides a highly flexible and

cost effective solution so many embedded control

applications.


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CHAPTER :- 3

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

Transmission Circuit:-

Fig. 3.1 Transmitter circuit


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Receiver Circuit:-

Fig. 3.2 Receiver circuit


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CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION:

There are two main parts of the circuits.

1.Transmission Circuits (Infrared LEDs)

2.Receiver Circuit (Sensors)

1.Transmission Circuit:

Fig. 3.3 Transmitter circuit


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This circuit diagram shows how a 555 timer IC is

configured to function as a basic monostable multivibrator.A monostable multivibrator is a timing circuit that changes

state once triggered, but returns to its original state after a

certain time delay. It got its name from the fact that only one

of its output states is stable. It is also known as a 'one-shot'.

In this circuit, a negative pulse applied at pin 2 triggers

an internal flip-flop that turns off pin 7's discharge transistor,

allowing C1 to charge up through

R1. At the same time, the flip-flop brings the output

(pin 3) level to 'high'. When capacitor C1 as charged up to

about 2/3 Vcc, the flip-flop is triggered once again, this time

making the pin 3 output 'low' and turning on pin 7's discharge

transistor, which discharges C1 to ground. This circuit, in

effect, produces a pulse at pin 3 whose width t is just the

product of R1 and C1, i.e., t=R1C1.

IR Transmission circuit is used to generate the

modulated 36 kHz IR signal. The IC555 in the transmitter

side is to generate 36 kHz square wave. Adjust the preset in

the transmitter to get a 38 kHz signal at the o/p. around 1.4K

we get a 38 kHz signal. Then you point it over the sensor and

its o/p will go low when it senses the IR signal of 38 kHz.


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2.Receiver Circuit:

Fig. 3.4 Receiver circuit


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4.1 Procedure Followed While Designing:

In the beginning I designed the circuit in PREOTEUS software.

Dip trace is a circuit designing software. After completion of thedesigning circuit I prepared the layout.

Then I programmed the microcontroller using KEIL software

using hex file.

Then soldering process was done. After completion of the

soldering process I tested the circuit.

Still the desired output was not obtained and so troubleshooting

was done. In the process of troubleshooting I found the circuit aptly

soldered and connected and hence came to conclusion that there was

error in programming section which was later rectified and the

desired results were obtained.


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4.2 List of Components:

MicrocontrollerAT89S52

IC7805

SensorTSOP 1738 (Infrared Sensor)

Transformer12-0-12, 500 mA

Preset4.7K

Disc capacitor104,33pF

Reset button switch

Rectifier diodeIN4148

TransistorBC 547, CL 100

7-Segment Display


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4.3 Description of Components

4.3.1 Microcontroller AT89C52:

The AT89C52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-

bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable

Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels high-

density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the

Industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip

Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system

or by a conventional nonvolatile memory pro- grammar. By

combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable

Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C52 is a powerful

microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective

solution to many embedded control applications.

The AT89C52 provides the following standard features: 8K

bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer,

two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-

level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip

oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C52 is

designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency


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and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The

Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters,

serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The

Power-down mode saves the RAM con- tents but freezes the

oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt

or hardware reset.

FEATURES:-

8 KB Reprogrammable flash.

32 Programmable I/O lines.

16 bit Timer/Counter3.

8 Interrupt sources.

Power range: 4V5.5V

Endurance : 1000 Writes / Erase cycles

Fully static operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz

Three level program memory lock

Power off flag

Full duplex UART serial channel

Low power idle and power down modes


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Interrupt recovery from power down modes

256 KB internal RAM

Dual data pointer


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4.3.3 555 ( TIMER IC):

Fig. 4.5 Timer IC(555)

Description:

The LM555 is a highly stable device for generating accurate

time delays or oscillation. Additional terminals are provided for

triggering or resetting if desired. In the time delay mode of

operation, the time is precisely controlled by one external resistor

and capacitor. For astable operation as an oscillator, the free

running frequency and duty cycle are accurately controlled with

two external resistors and one capacitor. The circuit may be

triggered and reset on falling waveforms, and the output circuit can

source or sink up to 200mA or drive TTL circuits.

Features:

Direct replacement for SE555/NE555

Timing from microseconds through hours

Operates in both astable and monostable modes


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Adjustable duty cycle

Output can source or sink 200 mA

Output and supply TTL compatible

Temperature stability better than 0.005% per C

Normally on and normally off output

Available in 8-pin MSOP package

Applications:

Precision timing

Pulse generation

Sequential timing

Time delay generation

Pulse width modulation

Pulse position modulation

Linear ramp generator

4.3.4LTS 542 (7-Segment Display)

Description:

The LTS 542 is a 0.52 inch digit height single digit

seven-segment display. This device utilizes Hi-eff. Red LED


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chips, which are made from GaAsP on GaP substrate, and

has a red face and red segment.

Fig. 4.6 7 Segment

Features:

Common Anode

0.52 Inch Digit Height

Continuous Uniform Segments

Low power Requirement

Excellent Characters Appearance

High Brightness & High Contrast

Wide Viewing Angle


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LM7805 (Voltage Regulator)

Fig. 4.7 Voltage Regulator

Description:

The KA78XX/KA78XXA series of three-terminal

positive regulator are available in the TO-220/D-PAK

package and with several fixed output voltages, making them

useful in a wide range of applications. Each type employs

internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe

operating area protection, making it essentially indestructible.

If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1A

output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage

regulators, these devices can be used with external

components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents.


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Features:

Output Current up to 1A

Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V

Thermal Overload Protection

Short Circuit Protection

Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection

4.3.5RELAY CIRCUIT:

Fig. 4.8 Relay

A single pole dabble throw (SPDT) relay is connected

to port RB1 of the microcontroller through a driver transistor.

The relay requires 12 volts at a current of around 100ma,

which cannot provide by the microcontroller. So the driver

transistor is added. The relay is used to operate the external

solenoid forming part of a locking device or for operating

any other electrical devices. Normally the relay remains off.

As soon as pin of the microcontroller goes high, the relay

operates. When the relay operates and releases. Diode D2 is


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the standard diode on a mechanical relay to prevent back

EMF from damaging Q3 when the relay releases. LED L2

indicates relay on.


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CHAPTER :- 5

SOFTWARE DESIGN

FLOW CHART:

Start

Infrared Signal

Interrupted InterruptedTurn On

Counter Counter

Counter set Relay

Turn On

Tu


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If the sensor 1 is interrupted first then the microcontroller

will look for the sensor 2. And if it is interrupted then the

microcontroller will increment the count and switch on the

relay, if it is first time interrupted.

If the sensor 2 is interrupted first then the microcontroller

will look for the sensor 1. And if it is interrupted then the

microcontroller will decrement the count.When the last person leaves the room then counter goes to 0

and that time the relay will turn off. And light will be turn

off.


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Program

#include

sbit SENS1=P3^0;

sbit SENS2=P3^1;

sbit OUT=P2^0;

void delay(unsigned int value){

int i,j;

for(i=0;i


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a=a+1;

OUT=1;

if(a==0x0A ||a==0x1A ||a==0x2A ||a==0x3A ||a==0x4A

||a==0x5A ||a==0x6A){

a=a+6;

}

P1=a;

while(SENS1==0)

{

delay(10);}

}

if(SENS2==0)

{

OUT=0;

}}

}


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CHAPTER :- 6

TESTING AND RESULTS

Testing And Results

We started our project by making power supply. That is easy for

me but when we turn toward the main circuit, there are many problems

and issues related to it, which we faced, like component selection, which

components is better than other and its feature and cost wise a We

started our project by making power supply. That is easy for me but

when I turn toward the main circuit, there are many problems and issues

related to it, which are I faced, like component selection, which

components is better than other and its feature and cost wise also, then

refer the data books and other materials related to its.

I had issues with better or correct result, which I desired. And also

the software problem.

I also had some soldering issues which were resolved using

continuity checks performed on the hardware.

We had issues with better or correct result, which we desired. And

also the software problem.


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We also had some soldering issues which were resolved using

continuity checks performed on the hardware.

We started testing the circuit from the power supply. There we got

over first trouble. After getting 9V from the transformer it was not

converted to 5V and the circuit received 9V.

As the solder was shorted IC 7805 got burnt. So we replaced the

IC7805.also the circuit part around the IC7805 were completelydamaged..with the help of the solder we made the necessary paths.


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CHAPTER :- 8

APPLICATION, ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

APPLICATION, ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

Application

o For counting purposes

o For automatic Soom light control

Advantages

o Low cost

o Easy to use

o Implement in single door

Disadvantages

o It is used only when one single vehicle cuts the rays of the

sensor hence it cannot be used when two person cross

simultaneously.


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CHAPTER :- 8

BIBILOGRAPHY

Bibliography

Reference Books

Programming in ANSI C: E BALAGURUSAMY

The 8051microcontroller and embedded systems:

MUHAMMAD ALI MAZIDI

JANICE GILLISPIEMAZIDI

The 8051 microcontroller: KENNETH J. AYALA

Website

www.datasheets4u.com

www.8051.com
http://www.datasheets4u.com/http://www.datasheets4u.com/http://www.8051.com/http://www.8051.com/http://www.8051.com/http://www.datasheets4u.com/

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