Automatic Car Parking System With And Without Password

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

Patel Sohil K. 110683111019

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

INTERNAL GUIDE:- BHAVIK H PRAJAPATI

SARDAR PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PILUDARA

Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER: 1 Abstract

CHAPTER: 2 Aim and Objective

CHAPTER: 3 Motivations

CHAPTER: 4 Background of project

CHAPTER: 5 Project descriptions

CHAPTER: 6 Implementation & Methodology of work

CHAPTER: 7 Experimental results & Description

CHAPTER: 8 Conclusions

CHAPTER: 9 Future works

CHAPTER: 10 References

CHAPTER: 1

Abstract

The Project Automatic Car Parking System using 89S52 Microcontroller is an interesting

project which uses 89S52 microcontroller as its brain. The project is designed for car parking.

The aim of this project is to atomize the car park for allowing the cars into the park. LCD is

provided to display the information about the total number of cars that can be parked and the

place free for parking. Two IR TX – RX pairs are used in this project to identify the entry or

exit of the cars into/out of park. These two IR TX – RX pairs are arranged either side of the

gate. The TX and RX are arranged face to face across the road so that the RX should get IR

signal continuously.

Whenever the mains are switched on, the LCD displays the message “parking space for 10

vehicles”. The number indicates the maximum capacity of park in this project. Whenever a

car comes in front of the gate, the IR signal gets disturbed and the microcontroller will open

the gate by rotating the stepper motor. The gate will be closed only after the car leaves the

second IR pair since the microcontroller should know whether the car left the gate or not.

Now the microcontroller decrements the value of the count and displays it on LCD. In this

way, the microcontroller decrements the count whenever the car leaves the park and displays

it on LCD.

If the count reaches ‘0’, i.e. if the park is completely filled, the microcontroller will display

“NO SPACE FOR PARKING” on LCD. And now if any vehicle tries to enter the park, the

gate will not be opened since there is no space. If any vehicle leaves the park, the controller

will increment the count and allows the other vehicles for parking.

This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. Unregulated 12V DC is used for relay.

7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave

rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.

CHAPTER: 2 Aim and Objective

The aim of this project is to atomize the car park for allowing the cars into the park. The car

is park to automatically through lift and sensor. Some special parking area which are allow to

specific person which have code of the parking slot. The main object of the present invention

is to provide a unit in which cars are stored into and retrieved from addressed slots

automatically I simple, practical, safe, speedy, reliable, user-friendly and cost-effective

manner.

It is another object of the present invention to deploy more number of relatively less

expensive transfer modules for simultaneous operations on all parking floors for the optimum

utilization of the highly expensive elevator and thereby ensure quick parking and retrieval. It

is another object of the present invention to provide a unit for storage and handling of the

over-dimensional platform carriers automatically in safe, efficient, reliable, fast and cost

effective manner to answer the present demands of Tit-and-forget'' trend. It is another object

of the present invention to open more entry/exit points to allow simultaneous placement of

cars for parking/delivery without waiting.

CHAPTER: 3

Motivations

There is a LCD placed in the project for displaying various messages. First time the LCD

screen will display a “Welcome” message. When a vehicle reaches at the entrance area, after

initialization it rests at the entrance gate where its weight is detected by the switch and waits

for a user input from the user. At this point the user has two options either to park the vehicle

into the given location or access his/her vehicle from the building. Every time when a user

parks his/her vehicle he/she is assigned a password for that location. In order to access a

vehicle from the building the user has input the password through the push buttons. If the

given input is not valid he/she cannot access his/her vehicle. In that case he/she has to deal

with administrator, so he/she can access his vehicle. The password assigned to the particular

user is displayed on the screen of LCD for two seconds and is four digits long. It may vary

according to change in programming. This project is based on the dynamic mechanism of the

floors.

There is no elevator used here to select the particular location. But those floors either can

rotate to select the particular location and they can be elevated up and down to select the floor

number. This operation is controlled by the microcontroller. There are two floors in our

model and in each floor there is space for the four vehicles, so there are total eight spaces for

the vehicles. In order to park a vehicle, first we have entrance. There is only one entrance in

our project. When a vehicle comes near the entrance door, the micro switch is pressed which

is fitted in the ground. If the parking area is full and no space is available in the building for

parking a vehicle then the LCD will generate a message “NO SPACE FOR PARKING”

CHAPTER: 4

Background of project

Public and private agencies need to become aware of performance, reliability, operation

and maintenance cost considerations and patron acceptance. The automated parking

industry has formed a trade group known as the Automated/Mechanical Parking

Association to promote the benefits of these new systems. The subject of automated

parking has not been widely recognized in this country for many years, even within

parking and development industries. But the new systems are technologically and

operationally far superior to the units built in previous decades. Owners, builders, agencies

and patrons can be assured of cost-effective, reliable, safe and efficient services at

competitive rates. A significant response to the benefits of these new systems is already

forming, and use will accelerate rapidly as national awareness of the compelling reasons

for the use of automated/mechanical parking systems gains momentum.

We need to explore and expand the increased construction of automated parking facilities.

The advantages of this technology are just too significant to permit further delay in their

development and construction.

In the era of technology it is seen that population has increased to an uncontrollable extent.

To compensate the problem so many mega projects are working. These projects are not

secure so, to benefit man kind it was thought to make some effective design to compensate

parking hazards and multistory rotational parking resolved the issue. Current Multistory

parking systems are based on linear mechanism and it is found that Rotational parking

system a best alternate to ease the user and save the space. One other feature which made

this project different is the Password locking system embedded in it. Each driver has its

own unique password which increased the security as well. In case the password is

forgotten by the user there is an Admin password which is accessed after some technical

issues.

A multi-level, automatic car parking unit comprising: a storage structure having one or more

tiers with one or more common entry and exit points; at least one permanently fixed input-cum-

output elevator; a plurality of addressed slots in a plurality of parking platforms; a plurality of

platform carriers and a centrally operated system controller for automatic parking of a car in an

addressed vacant slot and retrieval of a car from a slot independently and without hindrance to

any of the parked cars; two elevators with space between them for storage of platform carriers, a

transfer module having an independent drive with reversible option moving on a permanently

fixed first track; a power arm of each transfer module; a power arm in each elevator; slat

conveyors, two at basement and two at ground level, with reversible option drive and having

fixed walkways with space between the adjacent walkways to receive platform carriers and a

handling systems comprising mono-rail, hoisting equipment and lifting tackle to load the

platform carriers on to the slat conveyors when required and to stack pile the platform carriers

when not in use.

CHAPTER: 5

Project descriptions

The automatic car parking system block diagram is shown in fig in this system here we use the

AT89s52 processor IC which provides interfacing between hex keypad, LCD display and serial

to parallel converter with parking slot.

Here when we put our car in to the lift structure then we pressed parking slot number when we

have to park our car if that parking place is free that car is automatically parked on to that place

but if there is no space at that slot Lcd display displays the message “no space for parking” so at

that time we have to enter another parking slot number.

In this parking system we have total 8 parking slot for parking. We have three parking slot at

ground floor, three parking slot at the first parking floor without password. Here we have at the

second floor two parking slot is given with password facilities. In the password protected parking

slot we must entered password of that parking slot otherwise we cannot park car at that place. If

that password protected parking slot is free but we can’t have password of it then we cannot park

our car at there place.

To unpark the car from this system we just entered parking slot number where we park our car

we deliver our car at the ground floor. If we parked our car at the password protected slot then

we must have entered that particular password of their parking slot. If we must entered correct

code otherwise we can’t get back that car.

Features :

- Fully automatic car park

- No more space are required

- Less costly

- Easy to work and understand, less maintenance cost

- No robbery, safety of car

TECHNOLOGY:

Every system is automated in order to face new challenges in the present daysituation.Automated systems have less manual operations, so that the flexibility, reliabilities are high and accurate. Hence every field prefers automated control systems. Especially in the field of electronics automated systems are doing better performance.

Application

- Used for parking system in any place

- shopping mall

- commercial offices

- Visitor place

- Air port

- Railway station

- Bus station

- etc

Advantages

- Cost effectively

- Save costly land area

- Save on maintenance

- Shorter construction period

- No need for search car

- No wastage of time

- No noise pollution

- No danger of Robbery to the driver

CHAPTER: 6

Implementation & Methodology of work

(1) Hardware Implementation:

The construction of the different hardware modules was done concurrently. Once the lifter was

completed, it was integrated onto the base unit, and the extending arm component was then

attached onto the lifter. The LCD display and barrier unit are both independent of the lift and

each other, and so were constructed separately.

A multi-level car parking is essentially a building with number of floors or layers for the cars to

be parked. The different levels are accessed through interior or exterior ramps. An automated car

parking has mechanized lifts which transport the car to the different levels. Therefore, these car

parks need less building volume and less ground space and thus save on the cost of the building.

It also does away the need for employing too many personal to monitor the place. In an

automated multi-level car parking, the cars are left at the entrance and are further transported

inside the building by robot trolley. Similarly, they are retrieved by the trolley and placed at the

exit for the owner to drive away.

It is simple to operate with the driver parking and leaving the vehicle in the system at the

ground level. Once the driver leaves the incorporated safety zone the vehicle is

automatically parked by the system rotating to lift the parked car away from the bottom

central position. This leaves an empty parking space available at the ground level for the

next car to be parked on.

(2) Software Implementation:

1. Keil u-Vision:

Keil Software is used provide you with software development tools for 8051 based

microcontrollers. With the Keil tools, you can generate embedded applications for virtually every

8051 derivative. The supported microcontrollers are listed in the µ-vision

2. Embedded C:

Use of microprocessor-specific assembly-only as the programming language reduced and

embedded systems moved onto C as the embedded programming language of choice. C is the

most widely used programming language for embedded processors/controllers. Assembly is also

used but mainly to implement those portions of the code where very high timing accuracy, code

size efficiency, etc. are prime requirements.

Component List And Brief Introduction About Components

- Processor AT89S52

- Hex keypad

- 16*2 LCD Display

- Parallel to Serial converter 74LS166

- Stepper motor

- Relay

- Transformer

- Photo diode

- LED

- Diode

- Resistor

- Transistor

- Switches

A. IC AT89s52: -

Peripheral driver IC is interfaced with the Microcontroller IC to get the output. Through this IC

we connected relays, and these relays control the motors. The NPN transistors connected in

Darlington pair fashion are ideal for interfacing between low logic level digital circuitry

(ATMEL 89s52) and high current/voltage devices like lamps, relays and other applications in

industrial and consumer fields. The ULN2003 IC is a high voltage and high current interfacing

IC.

B. Regulator IC LM7905:-

LM 7905 is a regulator IC and provides the necessary five volts to the microcontroller IC. The

project has input supply of 12 volts DC and 7905 performs voltage conversion. An integrated

circuit voltage regulator is connected to the output of a filtered rectifier and maintains a constant

output voltage or current despite changes in the input, the load current, or the temperature. The

most popular IC regulator has three terminals, an input terminal, an output terminal, and a

reference terminal.

C. Crystal Oscillator:-

The oscillator is a circuit that produces an output waveform without any external signal source.

The only input to an oscillator is the dc power supply. As such, the oscillator can be viewed as a

signal generator. There are many types of the oscillators. Crystal oscillator is the one of the most

widely used oscillator in microcontroller and microprocessor based projects. It is called the

crystal oscillator because it generates extremely stable output wave forms. The most

communication applications require the use of oscillators that have extremely stable output

signals. Crystal oscillators are oscillators where the primary frequency determining element is a

quartz crystal.

D. Liquid Crystal display:

The LCD display used in this project is a 16x2. It shows the messages generated by the

microcontroller. It shows passwords, welcome message and other necessary messages. An LCD

is a small low cost display. It is easy to interface with a micro-controller because of an embedded

controller. Many micro-controllers have libraries that make displaying messages as easy as a

single line of code. The liquid crystal display is a different form the other display devices such as

7-segment display, vacuum florescent display, etc. While other displays generate light, the LCD

controls light. As a result, the appearance of the LCD is also a quite different from that of other

displays. LCD characters are usually dark against a light background.

E. Hex Keypad:

The hex keypad is a peripheral that connects to the DE2 through JP1 or JP2 via a 40-pin ribbon

cable. It has 16 buttons in a 4 by 4 grid, labeled with the hexadecimal digits 0 to F. An example

of this can been seen in Figure. Internally, the structure of the hex keypad is very simple. Wires

run in vertical columns (we call them C0 to C3) and in horizontal rows (called R0 to R3). These

8 wires are available externally, and will be connected to the lower 8 bits of the port. Each key

on the keypad is essentially a switch that connects a row wire to a column wire. When a key is

pressed, it makes an electrical connection between the row and column.

F. Parallel to serial converter:

The SN54L/74LS166 is an 8-Bit Shift Register. Designed with all inputs buffered, the drive

requirements are lowered to one 54/74LS standard load. By utilizing input clamping diodes,

switching transients are minimized and system design simplified. The LS166 is a parallel-in or

serial-in, serial-out shift register and has a complexity of 77 equivalent gates with gated clock

inputs and an overriding clear input. The shift/load input establishes the parallel-in or serial-in

mode. When high, this input enables the serial data input and couples the eight flip-flops for

serial shifting with each clock pulse. Synchronous loading occurs on the next clock pulse when

this is low and the parallel data inputs are enabled. Serial data flow is inhibited during parallel

loading. Clocking is done on the low-to-high level edge of the clock pulse via a two input

positive NOR gate, which permits one input to be used as a clock enable or clock inhibit

function. Clocking is inhibited when either of the clock inputs are held high, holding either input

low enables the other clock input. This will allow the system clock to be free running and the

register stopped on command with the other clock input. A change from low-to-high on the clock

inhibit input should only be done when the clock input is high. A buffered direct clear input

overrides all other inputs, including the clock, and sets all flip-flops to zero.

• Synchronous Load

• Direct Overriding Clear

• Parallel to Serial Conversion