Automatic Alias Doc.3

7/28/2019 Automatic Alias Doc.3

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 2

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 3

2.1 EXISTING SYSYEM

2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 9

3.1 HARDWARE REQUIRMENT

3.2 SOFTWARE REQUIRMENT

4. FEASIBILITY SYSTEM 10

4.1 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

4.2 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY

4.3 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

5. SOFTWARE PROCESS MODEL 12

6. SYSTEM DESIGN 14

6.1 CLASS DIAGRAM 15

6.2 USECASE DIAGRAM 16

6.3 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM 17

6.4 TABLES 18

7. IMPLEMENTATION 20

7.1 MODULE DESCRIPTION 20

7.2 CODEING 21

7.3 TECHNOLOGY 27

8. SYSTEM TESTING 40

9. INPUT & OUTPUT SCREENS 44

10 CONCLUSIONS 46

11. USER MANUAL 48

12. BIBLIOGRAPHY 51

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Automatic Discovery of Personal

Name Aliases from the Web

1. Introduction:An individual is typically referred by numerous name aliases on

the web. Accurate identification of aliases of a given person name is

useful in various web related tasks such as information retrieval,

sentiment analysis, personal name disambiguation, and relation

extraction. We propose a method to extract aliases of a given personal

name from the web. Given a personal name, the proposed method first

extracts a set of candidate aliases. Second, we rank the extractedcandidates according to the likelihood of a candidate being a correct

alias of the given name. We propose a novel, automatically extracted

lexical pattern-based approach to efficiently extract a large set of

candidate aliases from snippets retrieved from a web search engine.

We define numerous ranking scores to evaluate candidate aliases

using three approaches: lexical pattern frequency, word co-

occurrences in an anchor text graph, and page counts on the web. To

construct a robust alias detection system, we integrate the different

ranking scores into a single ranking function using ranking support

vector machines. We evaluate the proposed method on three data

sets: an English personal names data set, an English place names data

set, and a Japanese personal names data set. The proposed method

outperforms numerous baselines and previously proposed name alias

extraction methods, achieving a statistically significant mean

reciprocal rank (MRR) of 0.67. Experiments carried out using location

names and Japanese personal names suggest the possibility of

extending the proposed method to extract aliases for different types of

named entities, and for different languages.

The aliases extracted using the proposed method are

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successfully utilized in an information retrieval task and improve recall

by 20 percent in a relation-detection task.

2. System Analysis

2.1 Existing System:Accurate identification of aliases of a given person name is useful

in various web related tasks such as information retrieval, sentiment

analysis, personal name disambiguation, and relation extraction. We

propose a method to extract aliases of a given personal name from the

web. Given a personal name, the proposed method first extracts a set

of candidate aliases. Second, we rank the extracted candidates

according to the likelihood of a candidate being a correct alias of the

given name. We propose a novel, automatically extracted lexical

pattern-based approach to efficiently extract a large set of candidate

aliases from snippets retrieved from a web search engine.

2.2 Proposed System:The proposed method outperforms numerous baselines and previously

proposed name alias extraction methods. The aliases extracted using

the proposed method are successfully utilized in an information

retrieval task and improve recall by 20 percent in a relation-detection

task. The proposed method first extracts a set of candidate aliases.

Second, we rank the extracted candidates according to the likelihood

of a candidate being a correct alias of the given name.

2.2.1 Product Functionality

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method comprises:

generating a set of pre-computed materialized sub-graphs; receiving a search query

having a search query term; in response to the receiving, accessing a set of pre-computed

materialized sub-graphs; wherein the accessing comprises: accessing the text index based

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on the search query term to retrieve the corresponding term group identifier; and

accessing the corresponding materialized sub-graph based on the term group identifier;

executing a dynamic random-walk based search on only the corresponding materialized

sub-graph; based on the executing, retrieving nodes in the dataset; and transmitting the

nodes as results of the query.

Fig.2.2.1 Architecture of a BinRank system

Fig.2.2.1 shows a flowchart of a method 40 for query processing in accordance with an

embodiment of the invention. In block 42 materialized sub-graphs are pre-computed. Asearch query is then received in block44 and one of the pre-computed materialized sub-

graphs is accessed using a text index, in block 46. In block 48, an authority-based

keyword search is executed on the materialized sub-graph. In block 50, nodes are

retrieved from the dataset based on the keyword search. The retrieved nodes are

transmitted as the results of the query in block52.

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Fig.2.2.2 flowchart for generating pre-computed materialized sub-graphs

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method comprises: generating a

set of pre-computed materialized sub-graphs from a dataset by: grouping all terms in said

dataset; and for each group, executing a dynamic random-walk based search over the full

dataset using terms in said group as random walk starting points; based on said executing,

identifying important nodes; and using said nodes to construct a corresponding sub-

graph; receiving a search query having at least one search query term; accessing a

particular one of said pre-computed materialized sub-graphs; executing a dynamic

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authority-based keyword search on said particular one of said pre-computed materialized

sub-graphs; retrieving nodes in said dataset based on said executing; and responding to

said search query with results including said retrieved nodes.

Fig.2.2.2 shows a flowchart of a process 54 for generating pre-computed materialized

sub-graphs in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. In block 56, all terms in

the dataset are partitioned. A partition identifier is stored for each term, in block 58. A

random walk is then executed over each partition in block 60. In block 62, important

nodes are identified for each partition based on the random walk. The important nodes are

used to construct a corresponding sub-graph for each partition in block64.

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION:

Requirement Specification plays an important role to create quality software solution;

Requirements are refined and analyzed to assess the clarity.

Requirements are represented in a manner that ultimately leads to successful

software implementation. Each requirement must be consistent with the overall objective.

The development of this project deals with the following requirements:

3.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

The selection of hardware is very important in the existence and proper working of any

software. In the selection of hardware, the size and the capacity requirements are also

important.

Content Description

ProcessorPentium4

Hard Disk 40Gb

RAM 1Gb

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3.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

The software requirements specification is produces at the culmination of the analysis

tasks. One of the most difficult tasks is that, the selection of the software, once system

requirement is known by determining whether a particular software package fits the

requirements.

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Content Description

OS Windows XP with SP2 or Windows Vista

Database My SQL

Technologies Core Java, Advance Java, HTML,Servlets,JSP.XML

IDE My Eclipse

Browser Mozilla Firefox, IE 6.


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4. FEASIBILITY STUDY

INTRODUCTION

Preliminary investigation examine project feasibility, the likelihood the system will

be useful to the organization. The main objective of the feasibility study is to test the

Technical, Operational and Economical feasibility for adding new modules and

debugging old running system. All system is feasible if they are unlimited resources and

infinite time. There are aspects in the feasibility study portion of the preliminary

investigation:

Technical Feasibility

Operation Feasibility

Economical Feasibility

4.1 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

The technical issue usually raised during the feasibility stage of the investigation

includes the following:

Does the necessary technology exist to do what is suggested?

Do the proposed equipments have the technical capacity to hold the data required to use

the new system?

Will the proposed system provide adequate response to inquiries, regardless of the

number or location of users?

Can the system be upgraded if developed?

Are there technical guarantees of accuracy, reliability, ease of access and data security?

Earlier no system existed to cater to the needs of Secure Infrastructure

Implementation System. The current system developed is technically feasible. It is a web

based user interface for audit workflow at NIC-CSD. Thus it provides an easy access to

the users. The databases purpose is to create, establish and maintain a workflow among

various entities in order to facilitate all concerned users in their various capacities or

roles. Permission to the users would be granted based on the roles specified. Therefore, it

provides the technical guarantee of accuracy, reliability and security. The software and

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hard requirements for the development of this project are not many and are already

Available in-house at NIC or are available as free as open source. The work for the

project is done with the current equipment and existing software technology. Necessary

bandwidth exists for providing a fast feedback to the users irrespective of the number ofusers using the system.

4.2 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY

Proposed projects are beneficial only if they can be turned out into information

system. That will meet the organizations operating requirements. Operational feasibility

aspects of the project are to be taken as an important part of the project implementation.

Some of the important issues raised are to test the operational feasibility of a project

includes the following: -

Is there sufficient support for the management from the users?

Will the system be used and work properly if it is being developed and implemented?

Will there be any resistance from the user that will undermine the possible application

benefits?

This system is targeted to be in accordance with the above-mentioned issues.

Beforehand, the management issues and user requirements have been taken into

consideration. So there is no question of resistance from the users that can undermine the

possible application benefits.

The well-planned design would ensure the optimal utilization of the computer

resources and would help in the improvement of performance status.

4.3 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

A system can be developed technically and that will be used if installed must still

be a good investment for the organization. In the economical feasibility, the development

cost in creating the system is evaluated against the ultimate benefit derived from the new

systems. Financial benefits must equal or exceed the costs.The system is economically

feasible. It does not require any addition hardware or software. Since the interface for this

system is developed using the existing resources and technologies available at NIC, There

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is nominal expenditure and economical feasibility for certain.

5. SOFTWARE PROCESS MODEL:

There are various software development approaches defined and designed which are

used/employed during development process of software, these approaches are also

referred as "Software Development Process Models". Each process model follows a

particular life cycle in order to ensure success in process of software development.

One such approach/process used in Software Development is "The Waterfall Model".

Waterfall approach was first Process Model to be introduced and followed widely in

Software Engineering to ensure success of the project. In "The Waterfall" approach, the

whole process of software development is divided into separate process phases. The

phases in Waterfall model are: Requirement Specifications phase, Software Design,

Implementation and Testing & Maintenance. All these phases are cascaded to each other

so that second phase is started as and when defined set of goals are achieved for first

phase and it is signed off, so the name "Waterfall Model". All the methods and processes

undertaken in Waterfall Model are more visible.

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STAGES:

Requirement Analysis & Definition: All possible requirements of the system to be

developed are captured in this phase. Requirements are set of functionalities and

constraints that the end-user (who will be using the system) expects from the system. The

requirements are gathered from the end-user by consultation, these requirements are

analyzed for their validity and the possibility of incorporating the requirements in the

system to be development is also studied. Finally, a Requirement Specification document

is created which serves the purpose of guideline for the next phase of the model.

System & Software Design: Before a starting for actual coding, it is highly important tounderstand what we are going to create and what it should look like? The requirement

specifications from first phase are studied in this phase and system design is prepared.

System Design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and also helps in

defining overall system architecture. The system design specifications serve as input for

the.

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Implementation & Unit Testing: On receiving system design documents, the work is

divided in modules/units and actual coding is started. The system is first developed in

small programs called units, which are integrated in the next phase. Each unit is

developed and tested for its functionality; this is referred to as Unit Testing. Unit testing

mainly verifies if the modules/units meet their specifications.

Integration & System Testing: As specified above, the system is first divided in units

which are developed and tested for their functionalities. These units are integrated into a

complete system during Integration phase and tested to check if all modules/units

coordinate between each other and the system as a whole behaves as per the

specifications. After successfully testing the software, it is delivered to the customer.

Operations & Maintenance: This phase of "The Waterfall Model" is virtually never

ending phase (Very long). Generally, problems with the system developed (which are not

found during the development life cycle) come up after its practical use starts, so the

issues related to the system are solved after deployment of the system. Not all the

problems come in picture directly but they arise time to time and needs to be solved;

hence this process is referred as Maintenance.

6. SYSTEM DESIGN

INTRODUCTION

Software design sits at the technical kernel of the software engineering process

and is applied regardless of the development paradigm and area of application. Design is

the first step in the development phase for any engineered product or system. The

designers goal is to produce a model or representation of an entity that will later be built.

Beginning, once system requirement have been specified and analyzed, system design is

the first of the three technical activities -design, code and test that is required to build and

verify software.

The importance can be stated with a single word Quality. Design is the place

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where quality is fostered in software development. Design provides us with

representations of software that can assess for quality. Design is the only way that we can

accurately translate a customers view into a finished software product or system.

Software design serves as a foundation for all the software engineering steps that follow.

Without a strong design we risk building an unstable system one that will be difficult to

test, one whose quality cannot be assessed until the last stage.

During design, progressive refinement of data structure, program structure, and

procedural details are developed reviewed and documented. System design can be viewed

from either technical or project management perspective. From the technical point of

view, design is comprised of four activities architectural design, data structure design,

interface design and procedural design.

6.1 CLASS DIAGRAM

A class is a description of a set of objects that share the same attributes,

operations, relationships and semantics. Graphically it is rendered as a rectangle. An

attribute is named property of a class that defines a range of values that instance of that

class may hold. An attribute represents some property of the thing you are modeling that

is shared by all the objects of that class. Operation is the implementation of the services

that can be requested from any object of the class to affect behavior.

A Class diagram shows a set of classes, interfaces, collaborations and their

relationships

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DbHandler

documentid

Binid

userdetails

insert()

update()

select()

delete()

isvalid()

Dbconstants

Drivername

url

Username

password

querys()

SearchManager

KeyTerm

List

doget()

dopost()

LoginManager

UserName

Password

doget()

Controller

PageInfo

doget()

Learner

MateralisedSudGraphs

Documenid

doget()

dopost()

Fig 1

6.2 USECASE DIAGRAM

A Use Case specifies the behavior of a system or a part of the

system and is a description of a set of sequences of actions, including

variants, which a system performs to yield an observable result ofvalue to an actor. Use-cases provide a way for the developers to come

to a common understanding with the systems end users and domain

experts. Graphically a use case is rendered by an ellipse.

A use case diagram is just a special kind of diagram and shares

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the same common properties as do all other diagrams-a name and

graphical contents that are a projection into a model. In use case

diagram, there is a system boundary and the actors stay outside the

boundary and the use cases are kept inside the boundary.

Use Case diagrams commonly contain

Use cases

Actors

Dependency ,generalization and association relationships

admin

login

start learning

stop learning

user

search

data base

Fig 2

6.3 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

An interaction is a behavior that comprises of a set of messages

exchanged among a set of objects within a context to accomplish a

purpose. We use interactions to model the dynamic aspects of the

model. When an object passes a message to another object, the

receiving object might in turn send a message to another object, which

might send a message to yet another object, and so on. This stream of

messages forms a sequence. Any sequence must have a beginning;

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the start of every sequence is rooted in some process or thread. Each

process or thread within a system defines a distinct flow of control,

messages are ordered in sequence of time.

Search.jsp SearchResult.jsp

Controller.java BackHandThread.java

Dbhandler.java DbConstanta.java

Enter KeywordForward the keyterm

Connect to databaseRetrive relevant documents

Forward resultForward list

Forward posting list

Display the result

Fig 3

6.4 COMPONENT DIAGRAM

Component diagram is a special kind of diagram in UML. It describes the components

used to make those functionalities.

So from that point component diagrams are used to visualize the physical components in

a system. These components are libraries, packages, files etc.

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Component diagrams can also be described as a static implementation view of a system.

Static implementation represents the organization of the components at a particular

moment.

So the purpose of the component diagram can be summarized as:

Visualize the components of a system.

Construct executables by using forward and reverse engineering.

Describe the organization and relationships of the components.

user

admin

search mechanism

prepro

cessor

query

processor

search

key wordview

result

FIG 4

4.4 TABLES

1. binrank1

ATTRIBUTE NAME DATATYPE CONSTRAINTS

Eid INT(45)Primary Key, Autoincrement

Documenturl VARCHAR(45)

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Title VARCHAR(45)

Description VARCHAR(45)

priority INT(20)

keyterm VARCHAR(45)

2. bintable

SNo INT(45)

binId INT(45) PrimaryKey

Documenturl VARCHAR(45)

Title VARCHAR(45)

Description VARCHAR(45)

priority INT(20)

keyterm VARCHAR(45)

3.userdetails Username VARCHAR(45) Foreign Keys

Password VARCHAR(45) Foreign Keys

7. IMPLEMENTATION:

7.1 MODULE DESCRIPTION:

The system after careful analysis has been identified following modules:

1. Search Module: In this we are going to create a web page using Jsp and we are

allowing user and administrator to enter there desired key term which is

forwarded to controller and controller take care of rest of things.

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2. Admin Module: In this module when ever Administrator login in to his account

the controller checks whether he is a valid use if he is valid user it is going to call

BackendThread.java file where materialized sub graphs are going to be created

and key terms from initial database are placed in to there respective bins where

key terms which are co-related terms are kept under one bin and the binId of that

bin is stored using hash mapping and this thread runs every time when ever

Administrator logins in to system and materialized sub graphs are created.

3. Learner Module: In this module we are going to update the priority of a

particular key term. The priority is incremented according to number of hits

particular Document has hit and priority is incremented both in initial and

materialized sub graphs.

4. Preprocessing Module: In this module we are going to implement the BinRank

algorithm when we are going to create bins according to algorithm mentioned in

this document.

5. Query Module: In this module when ever user enters keyword controller calls

Dbhandler and it checks for particular keyword in materialized sub graphs and

displays the result. We are writing two java files one is Dbhandler and

Dbconstants.In Dbhandler we are going to write code for connecting to a

database. The main reason for using Dbconstants is in future if we want to change

our database it can be done by just changing Drive Name Username and

Password.

7.2 SAMPLE CODE:

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

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import java.util.Set;

import com.itp.binrank.dbhandler.DbHandler;

import com.itp.binrank.postingList.PostingList;

public class BackHandThread extends Thread {

boolean value;

Map workload=new HashMap();

int MAXBINSIZE;

public BackHandThread(boolean value){

this.value=value;

}

public void run(){

// it is a continous java thread which is going to run continously.....

try {

workload=DbHandler.totalWorkLoad();

Map binList=packTermsIntoBins(workload, 10);

if(binList!=null)

{

DbHandler.deleteBins();

DbHandler.insertBins(binList);

}

else{System.out.println("Some error occure in retriving pack terms into

bin please try again later");

}

} catch (Exception e) {

// TODO: handle exception

System.out.println(e);

}

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}

/**

*

* @param w is work Load which contains Key Term as key and posting list as

the value

* @param MAXBINSIZE is the size of the BIN which

*/

public static Map packTermsIntoBins(Map w, int MAXBINSIZE){

Set set=w.keySet();

Iterator it=null;

String t=null,t1=null;

int index=0;

int max=0;

System.out.println("in pack terms method"+set.toString());

Map Bin=new HashMap();

it=w.keySet().iterator();

List list1=new ArrayList();

while(it.hasNext()){

list1.add(it.next());

}


while(!w.isEmpty()){

Runtime.getRuntime().gc(); // to free up the heap memory

Map bin=new HashMap();

Map cache=new HashMap();


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// Below While loop is to find Maximum Posting List

while(it.hasNext())

{

t=(String)it.next();

//System.out.println("outer loop = "+t);

List list=(List)w.get(t);

//System.out.println(" list is "+list);

if( list!=null && max


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cache.put(cach, null);

}

}

while(t!=null){

bin.put(t, w.get(t));

w.remove(t);

System.out.println(" sub bin starting " +bin.toString());

int bestI=0,i=0,union=0;

union=bin.size()+cache.size()-i;

if(union>MAXBINSIZE){

Iterator itcache=cache.keySet().iterator();

while(itcache.hasNext()){

if(union>MAXBINSIZE)

{

itcache.remove();

}

union=bin.size()+cache.size()-i;

t1=it.next()+"";

}

}

i=cache.size();

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if(i>bestI){

bestI=i;

Iterator it5=cache.keySet().iterator();

while(it5.hasNext())

{

t=it5.next()+"";

}

cache.remove(t);

}

if(bestI==0){

// Below While loop is to find Maximum Posting List

t1=null;

Iterator it4=w.keySet().iterator();

while(it4.hasNext())

{

t=(String)it4.next();

List list=(List)w.get(t);

if(max


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if(t1==null){

t=null;

}

}

} // End Of Inner While Loop where t!=null condition checking

Bin.put(index++,bin);

bin=null;

cache=null;

} // End of Outer While Loop

return Bin;

}

}

7.3 OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGY

7.3.1 Introduct ion to JAVA

Initially the language was called as oak but it was renamed as Java in

1995. The primary motivation of this language was the need for a platform-independent

(i.e., architecture neutral) language that could be used to create software to be embedded

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in various consumer electronic devices.

Java is a programmers language.

Java is cohesive and consistent.

Except for those constraints imposed by the Internet environment, Java gives the

programmer, full control.

Finally, Java is to Internet programming where C was to system programming.

Importance of Java to the Internet

Java has had a profound effect on the Internet. This is because; Java expands the

Universe of objects that can move about freely in Cyberspace. In a network, two

categories of objects are transmitted between the Server and the Personal computer. They

are: Passive information and Dynamic active programs. The Dynamic, Self-executing

programs cause serious problems in the areas of Security and probability. But, Java

addresses those concerns and by doing so, has opened the door to an exciting new form

of program

Java can be used to create two types of programs

Applications and Applets: An application is a program that runs on our Computer under

the operating system of that computer. It is more or less like one creating using C or C++.

Javas ability to create Applets makes it important. An Applet is an application designed

to be transmitted over the Internet and executed by a Java compatible web browser. An

applet is actually a tiny Java program, dynamically downloaded across the network, just

like an image. But the difference is, it is an intelligent program, not just a media file. It

can react to the user input and dynamically change.

Features of Java Security

Every time you that you download a normal program,you are risking a viral infection.

Prior to Java, most users did not download executable programs frequently, and those

who did scan them for viruses prior to execution. Most users still worried about the

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possibility of infecting their systems with a virus. In addition, another type of malicious

program exists that must be guarded against. This type of program can gather private

information, such as credit card numbers, bank account balances, and passwords. Java

answers both these concerns by providing a firewall between a network application and

your computer.

When you use a Java-compatible Web browser, you can safely download Java applets

without fear of virus infection or malicious intent.

Portability

For programs to be dynamically downloaded to all the various types of platforms

connected to the Internet, some means of generating portable executable code is

needed .As you will see, the same mechanism that helps ensure security also helps create

portability. Indeed, Javas solution to these two problems is both elegant and efficient.

The Byte code

The key that allows the Java to solve the security and portability problems is that the

output of Java compiler is Byte code. Byte code is a highly optimized set of instructions

designed to be executed by the Java run-time system, which is called the Java Virtual

Machine (JVM). That is, in its standard form, the JVM is an interpreter for byte code.

Translating a Java program into byte code helps makes it much easier to run a program in

a wide variety of environments. The reason is, once the run-time package exists for a

given system, any Java program can run on it.

Although Java was designed for interpretation, there is technically nothing about Java

that prevents on-the-fly compilation of byte code into native code. Sun has just completed

its Just in Time (JIT) compiler for byte code. When the JIT compiler is a part of JVM, itcompiles byte code into executable code in real time, on a piece-by-piece, demand basis.

It is not possible to compile an entire Java program into executable code all at once,

because Java performs various run-time checks that can be done only at run time. The JIT

compiles code, as it is needed, during execution.

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Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

Beyond the language, there is the Java virtual machine. The Java virtual machine is an

important element of the Java technology. The virtual machine can be embedded within a

web browser or an operating system. Once a piece of Java code is loaded onto a machine,

it is verified. As part of the loading process, a class loader is invoked and does byte code

verification makes sure that the code thats has been generated by the compiler will not

corrupt the machine that its loaded on. Byte code verification takes place at the end of

the compilation process to make sure that is all accurate and correct. So byte code

verification is integral to the compiling and executing of Java code.

Overall Description

Picture showing the development process of JAVA Program

Java programming uses to produce byte codes and executes them. The first box indicates

that the Java source code is located in a. Java file that is processed with a Java compiler

called javac. The Java compiler produces a file called a. class file, which contains the

byte code. The Class file is then loaded across the network or loaded locally on your

machine into the execution environment is the Java virtual machine, which interprets and

executes the byte code.

Java Architecture

Java architecture provides a portable, robust, high performing environment for

development. Java provides portability by compiling the byte codes for the Java Virtual

Machine, which is then interpreted on each platform by the run-time environment. Java is

a dynamic system, able to load code when needed from a machine in the same room or

across the planet.

Compilation of code

When you compile the code, the Java compiler creates machine code (called byte code)

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SourceJava bytecode

.Java .Class


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for a hypothetical machine called Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM is supposed to

execute the byte code. The JVM is created for overcoming the issue of portability. The

code is written and compiled for one machine and interpreted on all machines. This

machine is called Java Virtual Machine.

Compiling and interpreting Java Source Code

During run-time the Java interpreter tricks the byte code file into thinking that it is

running on a Java Virtual Machine. In reality this could be a Intel Pentium Windows 95

or SunSARC station running Solaris or Apple Macintosh running system and all could

receive code from any computer through Internet and run the Applets.

Simple

Java was designed to be easy for the Professional programmer to learn and to use

effectively. If you are an experienced C++ programmer, learning Java will be even easier.

Because Java inherits the C/C++ syntax and many of the object oriented features of C++.

Most of the confusing concepts from C++ are either left out of Java or implemented in a

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SourceCode....

..

PC Compiler

MacintoshCompiler

SPARC

Compiler

Java

Byte code

(PlatformIndependent)

JavaInterpreter(PC)

Java

Interpreter(Macintosh)

JavaInterpreter(Spare)


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cleaner, more approachable manner. In Java there are a small number of clearly defined

ways to accomplish a given task.

Object-Oriented

Java was not designed to be source-code compatible with any other language. This

allowed the Java team the freedom to design with a blank slate. One outcome of this was

a clean usable, pragmatic approach to objects. The object model in Java is simple and

easy to extend, while simple types, such as integers, are kept as high-performance non-

objects.

Robust

The multi-platform environment of the Web places extraordinary demands on a program,

because the program must execute reliably in a variety of systems. The ability to create

robust programs was given a high priority in the design of Java. Java is strictly typed

language; it checks your code at compile time and run time.

Java virtually eliminates the problems of memory management and deallocation, which is

completely automatic. In a well-written Java program, all run time errors can and should

be managed by your program.

7.3.2 Hyper Text Markup Language

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the languages of the World Wide Web

(WWW), allows users to produces Web pages that include text, graphics and pointer to

other Web pages (Hyperlinks).

HTML is not a programming language but it is an application of ISO Standard 8879,

SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), but specialized to hypertext and

adapted to the Web. The idea behind Hypertext is that instead of reading text in rigid

linear structure, we can easily jump from one point to another point. We can navigate

through the information based on our interest and preference. A markup language is

simply a series of elements, each delimited with special characters that define how text or

other items enclosed within the elements should be displayed. Hyperlinks are underlined

or emphasized works that load to other documents or some portions of the same

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document.

HTML can be used to display any type of document on the host computer, which can be

geographically at a different location. It is a versatile language and can be used on any

platform or desktop.

HTML provides tags (special codes) to make the document look attractive. HTML tags

are not case-sensitive. Using graphics, fonts, different sizes, color, etc., can enhance the

presentation of the document. Anything that is not a tag is part of the document itself.

Basic HTML Tags:

specifies comments

. Creates hypertext links

. Formats text as bold

. Formats text in large font.

Contains all tags and text in the HTML document

... Creates text

Definition of a term

... Creates definition list

Formats text with a particular font

... Encloses a fill-out form... Defines a particular frame in a set of frames

Creates headings of different levels

... Contains tags that specify information about a

document

... Creates a horizontal rule

Contains all other HTML tags

... Provides meta-information about a document

Contains client-side or server-side script

Creates a table

Indicates table data in a table

Designates a table row

Creates a heading in a table

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Advantages

A HTML document is small and hence easy to send over the net. It is small because it

does not include formatted information.

HTML is platform independent.

HTML tags are not case-sensitive.

7.3.2 SERVLETS:

7.3.2.1 What is Java Servlets?

Servlets are server side components that provide a powerful mechanism for

developing server side programs. Servlets provide component-based, platform-

independent methods for building Web-based applications, without the performance

limitations of CGI programs. Unlike proprietary server extension mechanisms (such as

the Netscape Server API or Apache modules), servlets are server as well as platform-

independent. This leaves you free to select a "best of breed" strategy for your servers,

platforms, and tools. Using servlets web developers can create fast and efficient server

side application which can run on any servlet enabled web server. Servlets run entirely

inside the Java Virtual Machine. Since the Servlet runs at server side so it does not checks

the browser for compatibility. Servlets can access the entire family of Java APIs,

including the JDBC API to access enterprise databases. Servlets can also access a library

of HTTP-specific calls; receive all the benefits of the mature java language including

portability, performance, reusability, and crash protection. Today servlets are the popular

choice for building interactive web applications. Third-party servlet containers are

available for Apache Web Server, Microsoft IIS, and others. Servlet containers are usually

the components of web and application servers, such as BEA WebLogic Application

Server, IBM WebSphere, Sun Java System Web Server, Sun Java System Application

Server and others.

Servlets are not designed for a specific protocol. It is different thing that they are most

commonly used with the HTTP protocols Servlets uses the classes in the java packages

javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http. Servlets provides a way of creating the sophisticated

server side extensions in a server as they follow the standard framework and use the

highly portable java language.

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A Generic servlet contains the following five methods:

1.init()

public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException

The init() method is called only once by the servlet container throughout the life of a

servlet. By this init() method the servlet get to know that it has been placed into service.

The servlet cannot be put into the service if

The init() method does not return within a fix time set by the web server.

It throws a ServletException

Parameters - The init() method takes a ServletConfig object that contains the initialization

parameters and servlet's configuration and throws a ServletException if an exception has

occurred.

2.service()

public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException,IOException

Once the servlet starts getting the requests, the service() method is called by the servlet

container to respond. The servlet services the client's request with the help of two objects.

These two objects javax.servlet.ServletRequest and javax.servlet.ServletResponse are

passed by the servlet container.

The status code of the response always should be set for a servlet that throws or sends an

error.

Parameters - The service() method takes the ServletRequest object that contains the

client's request and the object ServletResponse contains the servlet's response. The

service() method throws ServletException and IOExceptions exception.

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3.getServletConfig()

public ServletConfig getServletConfig()

This method contains parameters for initialization and startup of the servlet and returns a

ServletConfig object. This object is then passed to the init method. When this interface is

implemented then it stores the ServletConfig object in order to return it. It is done by the

generic class which implements this inetrface.

Returns - the ServletConfig object

4.getServletInfo()

public String getServletInfo()

The information about the servlet is returned by this method like version, author etc. This

method returns a string which should be in the form of plain text and not any kind of

markup.

Returns - a string that contains the information about the servlet

5. destory ()

Public void destroy ()

This method is called when we need to close the servlet. That is before removing a servlet

instance from service, the servlet container calls the destroy() method. Once the servlet

container calls the destroy() method, no service methods will be then called . That is after

the exit of all the threads running in the servlet, the destroy() method is called. Hence, theservlet gets a chance to clean up all the resources like memory, threads etc which are

being held.

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Life cycle of Servlet: Life cycle of a servlet can be categorized into four parts:

1. Loading and Instantiation: The servlet container loads the servlet during startup

or when the first request is made. The loading of the servlet depends on the

attribute of web.xml file. If the attribute has

a positive value then the servlet is load with loading of the container otherwise it

load when the first request comes for service. After loading of the servlet, the

container creates the instances of the servlet.

2. Initialization: After creating the instances, the servlet container calls the init()

method and passes the servlet initialization parameters to the init() method. The

init() must be called by the servlet container before the servlet can service any

request. The initialization parameters persist untill the servlet is destroyed. The

init() method is called only once throughout the life cycle of the servlet.

The servlet will be available for service if it is loaded successfully otherwise the

servlet container unloads the servlet.

3. Servicing the Request: After successfully completing the initialization process,

the servlet will be available for service. Servlet creates seperate threads for each

request. The sevlet container calls the service() method for servicing any request.

The service() method determines the kind of request and calls the appropriate

method (doGet() or doPost()) for handling the request and sends response to the

client using the methods of the response object.

4. Destroying the Servlet: If the servlet is no longer needed for servicing any

request, the servlet container calls the destroy() method . Like the init() method

this method is also called only once throughout the life cycle of the servlet.

Calling the destroy() method indicates to the servlet container not to sent the any

request for service and the servlet releases all the resources associated with it.

Java Virtual Machine claims for the memory associated with the resources for

garbage collection.

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Life Cycle of a Servlet

Several web.xml conveniences: Servlet 2.5 introduces several small changes to the

web.xml file to make it more convenient to use. For example while writing a , we can now use an asterisk in a which will represent all

which will represent all servlets as well as JSP.

Previously

FilterName

FilterName

Now,

FilterName

*

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Previously in or there used to be only one , but now we can have multiple , like

abc

/abc/*

/abc/*

Advantages of Java Servlets

1. Portability2. Powerful

3. Efficiency

4. Safety

5. Integration

6. Extensibility

7. Inexpensive

Each of the points are defined below:

Portability

As we know that the servlets are written in java and follow well known standardized

APIs so they are highly portable across operating systems and server implementations.

We can develop a servlet on Windows machine running the tomcat server or any other

server and later we can deploy that servlet effortlessly on any other operating system like

Unix server running on the iPlanet/Netscape Application server. So servlets are write

once, run anywhere (WORA)program.

Powerful

We can do several things with the servlets which were difficult or even impossible to do

with CGI, for example the servlets can talk directly to the web server while the CGI

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programs can't do. Servlets can share data among each other, they even make the

database connection pools easy to implement. They can maintain the session by using the

session tracking mechanism which helps them to maintain information from request to

request. It can do many other things which are difficult to implement in the CGI

programs.

Efficiency

As compared to CGI the servlets invocation is highly efficient. When the servlet get

loaded in the server, it remains in the server's memory as a single object instance.

However with servlets there are N threads but only a single copy of the servlet class.

Multiple concurrent requests are handled by separate threads so we can say that the

servlets are highly scalable.

Safety

As servlets are written in java, servlets inherit the strong type safety of java language.

Java's automatic garbage collection and a lack of pointers means that servlets are

generally safe from memory management problems. In servlets we can easily handle the

errors due to Java's exception handling mechanism. If any exception occurs then it will

throw an exception.

Integration

Servlets are tightly integrated with the server. Servlet can use the server to translate the

file paths, perform logging, check authorization, and MIME type mapping etc.

Extensibility

The servlet API is designed in such a way that it can be easily extensible. As it stands

today, the servlet API support Http Servlets, but in later date it can be extended for

another type of servlets.

Inexpensive

There are number of free web servers available for personal use or for commercial

purpose. Web servers are relatively expensive. So by using the free available web servers

you can add servlet support to it.

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7.4 JDBC

Java Database Connectivity or in short JDBC is a technology that enables the

java program to manipulate data stored into the database. Here is the complete tutorial on

JDBC technology.

1. What is JDBC?

JDBC is Java application programming interface that allows the Java programmers to

access database management system from Java code. It was developed by Java Soft, a

subsidiary of Sun Microsystems.

JDBC has four Components:

1. The JDBC API.

2. The JDBC Driver Manager.

3. The JDBC Test Suite.

4. The JDBC-ODBC Bridge.

1. The JDBC API.

The JDBC application programming interface provides the facility for accessing the

relational database from the Java programming language. The API technology provides

the industrial standard for independently connecting Java programming language and a

wide range of databases. The user not only execute the SQL statements, retrieve results,

and update the data but can also access it anywhere within a network because of it's

"Write Once, Run Anywhere" (WORA) capabilities.

Due to JDBC API technology, user can also access other tabular data sources like

spreadsheets or flat files even in the a heterogeneous environment. JDBC application

programming interface is a part of the Java platform that has included Java Standard

Edition (Java SE) and the Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE) in itself.

The JDBC API has four main interfaces:

The latest version of JDBC 4.0 application programming interface is divided into two

packages

i-) java.sql

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ii-) javax.sql.

Java SE and Java EE platforms are included in both the packages.

2. The JDBC Driver Manager.

The JDBC Driver Manager is a very important class that defines objects which connect

Java applications to a JDBC driver. Usually Driver Manager is the backbone of the JDBC

architecture. It's very simple and small that is used to provide a means of managing the

different types of JDBC database driver running on an application. The main

responsibility of JDBC database driver is to load all the drivers found in the system

properly as well as to select the most appropriate driver from opening a connection to a

database. The Driver Manager also helps to select the most appropriate driver from the

previously loaded drivers when a new open database is connected.

3. The JDBC Test Suite.

The function of JDBC driver test suite is to make ensure that the JDBC drivers will run

user's program or not. The test suite of JDBC application program interface is very

useful for testing a driver based on JDBC technology during testing period. It ensures the

requirement of Java Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE).

4. The JDBC-ODBC Bridge.

The JDBC-ODBC bridge, also known as JDBC type 1 driver is a database driver that

utilize the ODBC driver to connect the database. This driver translates JDBC method

calls into ODBC function calls. The Bridge implements Jdbc for any database for which

an Odbc driver is available. The Bridge is always implemented as the sun.jdbc.odbc Java

package and it contains a native library used to access ODBC.

Now we can conclude this topic: This first two component of JDBC, the JDBC API and

the JDBC Driver Manager manages to connect to the database and then build a java

program that utilizes SQL commands to communicate with any RDBMS. On the other

hand, the last two components are used to communicate with ODBC or to test web

application in the specialized environment.

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JDBC Architecture

1. Database connections

2. SQL statements

3. Result Set4. Database metadata

5. Prepared statements

6. Binary Large Objects (BLOBs)

7. Character Large Objects (CLOBs)

8. Callable statements

9. Database drivers

10. Driver manager

The JDBC API uses a Driver Manager and database-specific drivers to provide

transparent connectivity to heterogeneous databases. The JDBC driver manager ensures

that the correct driver is used to access each data source. The Driver Manager is capable

of supporting multiple concurrent drivers connected to multiple heterogeneous databases.

The location of the driver manager with respect to the JDBC drivers and the servlet is

shown in Figure .

Layers of the JDBC Architecture

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A JDBCdrivertranslates standardJDBCcalls into a network or database protocol or into

a database library API call that facilitates communication with the database. This

translation layer provides JDBC applications with database independence. If the back-end

database changes, only the JDBC driver need be replaced with few code modifications

required. There are four distinct types of JDBC drivers

JDBC Driver and Its Types

Type 1 JDBC-ODBC Bridge. Type 1 drivers act as a "bridge"between JDBC and

another database connectivity mechanism such as ODBC. The JDBC- ODBC bridge

provides JDBC access using most standard ODBC drivers. This driver is included in the

Java 2 SDK within the sun.jdbc.odbc package. In this driver the java statements are

converted to jdbc statements. A JDBC statement calls the ODBC by using the JDBC-

ODBC Bridge. And finally the query is executed by the database. This driver has serious

limitation for many applications

Type 1 JDBC Architecture

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Type 2 Java to Native API. Type 2 drivers use the Java Native Interface (JNI) to make

calls to a local database library API. This driver converts the JDBC calls into a database

specific call for databases such as SQL, ORACLE etc. This driver communicates directly

with the database server. It requires some native code to connect to the database. Type 2

drivers are usually faster than Type 1 drivers. Like Type 1 drivers, Type 2 drivers require

native database client libraries to be installed and configured on the client machine.


Type 3 Java to Network Protocol Or All- Java Driver. Type 3 drivers are pure Java

drivers that use a proprietary network protocol to communicate with JDBC middlewareon the server. The middleware then translates the network protocol to database-specific

function calls. Type 3 drivers are the most flexible JDBC solution because they do not

require native database libraries on the client and can connect to many different databases

on the back end. Type 3 drivers can be deployed over the Internet without client

installation.

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Java-------> JDBC statements------> SQL statements ------> databases.


Type 4 Java to Database Protocol. Type 4 drivers are pure Java drivers that implement a

proprietary database protocol (like Oracle's SQL*Net) to communicate directly with the

database. Like Type 3 drivers, they do not require native database libraries and can be

deployed over the Internet without client installation. One drawback to Type 4 drivers is

that they are database specific. Unlike Type 3 drivers, if your back-end database changes,

you may save to purchase and deploy a new Type 4 driver (some Type 4 drivers are

available free of charge from the database manufacturer). However, because Type drivers

communicate directly with the database engine rather than through middleware or a

native library, they are usually the fastest JDBC drivers available. This driver directly

converts the java statements to SQL statements.


So, you may be asking yourself, "Which is the right type of driver for your application?"

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Well, that depends on the requirements of your particular project. If you do not have the

opportunity or inclination to install and configure software on each client, you can rule

out Type 1 and Type 2 drivers.

However, if the cost of Type 3 or Type 4 drivers is prohibitive, Type 1 and type 2 drivers

may become more attractive because they are usually available free of charge. Price

aside, the debate will often boil down to whether to use Type 3 or Type 4 driver for a

particular application. In this case, you may need to weigh the benefits of flexibility and

interoperability against performance. Type 3 drivers offer your application the ability to

transparently access different types of databases, while Type 4 drivers usually exhibit

better performance and, like Type 1 and Type 2 drivers, may be available free if charge

from the database manufacturer

8. SYSTEM TESTING

INTRODUCTION

Testing is one of the most important phases in the software development activity.

In software development life cycle (SDLC), the main aim of testing process is the

quality; the developed software is tested against attaining the required functionality and

performance.

During the testing process the software is worked with some particular test cases

and the output of the test cases are analyzed whether the software is working according to

the expectations or not.

The success of the testing process in determining the errors is mostly depends

upon the test case criteria, for testing any software we need to have a description of the

expected behavior of the system and method of determining whether the observed

behavior confirmed to the expected behavior.

LEVELS OF TESTING

Since the errors in the software can be injured at any stage. So, we have to carry

out the testing process at ferent levels during the development. The basic levels of testing

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are Unit, Integration, System and Acceptance Testing.

The Unit Testing is carried out on coding. Here different modules are tested

against the specifications produced during design for the modules. In case of integration

testing different tested modules are combined into sub systems and tested in case of the

system testing the full software is tested and in the next level of testing the system is

tested with user requirement document prepared during SRS.

There are two basic approaches for testing. They are

FUNCTIONAL TESTING:

In Functional Testing test cases are decided solely on the basis of requirements of the

program or module and the internals of the program or modules are not considered for

selection of test cases. This is also called Black Box Testing

STRUCTURAL TESTING:

In Structural Testing test cases are generated on actual code of the program or module to

be tested. This is called White Box Testing.

TESTING PROCESS

A number of activities must be performed for testing software. Testing starts with test

plan. Test plan identifies all testing related activities that need to be performed along with

the schedule and guide lines for testing. The plan also specifies the levels of testing that

need to be done, by identifying the different testing units. For each unit specified in the

plan first the test cases and reports are produced. These reports are analyzed.

TEST PLAN:

Test plan is a general document for entire project, which defines the scope, approach to

be taken and the personal responsible for different activities of testing. The inputs for

forming test plans areProject plan

Requirements document

System design

TEST CASE SPECIFICATION:

Although there is one test plan for entire project test cases have to be specified separately

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for each test case. Test case specification gives for each item to be tested. All test cases

and outputs expected for those test cases.

TEST CASE EXECUTION AND ANALYSIS:

The steps to be performed for executing the test cases are specified in separate document

called test procedure specification. This document specify any specify requirements that

exist for setting the test environment and describes the methods and formats for reporting

the results of testing.

UNIT TESTING:

Unit testing mainly focused first in the smallest and low level modules, proceeding one at

a time. Bottom-up testing was performed on each module. As developing a driver

program, that tests modules by developed or used. But for the purpose of testing, modules

themselves were used as stubs, to print verification of the actions performed. After the

lower level modules were tested, the modules that in the next higher level those make use

of the lower modules were tested. Each module was tested against required functionally

and test cases were developed to test the boundary values.

INTEGRATION TESTING:

Integration testing is a systematic technique for constructing the program structure, while

at the same time conducting tests to uncover errors associated with interfacing. As the

system consists of the number of modules the interfaces to be tested were between the

edges of the two modules. The software tested under this was incremental bottom-up

approach.

Bottom-up approach integration strategy was implemented with the following steps.

Low level modules were combined into clusters that perform specific software sub

functions.

SYSTEM TESTING:

System testing is a series of different tests whose primary purpose is to fully exercise the

computer-based system. It also tests to find discrepancies between the system and its

original objective, current specifications.

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TEST CASES:

48

S.no Test case name Test

Procedure

Preconditio

n

Expected

Result

O/P Specification

Document

1. ADMIN Sign in

Form

Update

Priority

HOME Login

Successfully

Success

Login.jsp

2. Search for keyword Enter

Keyword

Enter valid

Keyword

Display

Result

Failure SeachResultp

3. Search for keyword Enter

Keyword

Enter at

Least

Single letter

Display

Result

Success

SeachResultp


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8. INPUT & OUTPUT SCREENS

8.1 Search Page:

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8.2 Login Page:

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10. CONCLUSION

It has been a great pleasure for us to work on this exciting and challengingproject. This project proved good for me as it provided practical knowledge of not

only programming in JAVA and SERVLETS web based application and someextent Windows Application will be great demand in future. This will providebetter opportunities and guidance in future in developing projects independentlyand TOMCAT Server, but also about all handling procedure related withAutomatic Discovery of Personal Name Aliases from the Web

. It also provides knowledge about the latest technology used in developing web enabled

application and client server technology that will be great demand in future. This will

provide better opportunities and guidance in future in developing projects independently.

Now we have demonstrated that BinRank can achieve subsecond query execution time

on the English Wikipedia data set, while producing high-quality search results that

closely approximate the results of ObjectRank on the original graph.

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11. USER MANUAL: To Use our software you need to have following software

components installed on your PC

1. JAVA2. Apache tomcat server 6.0

3. XAMPP Control Panel (Default MySql Database)

1. JAVA:

To download java go to following link

www.java.com/en/download/index.jsp

And select your OS type and Version and install it on your system. After installing javaset following path in your system environment options

Setting PATH and CLASSPATH

Determining the current values of PATH and CLASSPATH

1. Unix

Type these commands in a command window:

echo $PATH

echo $CLASSPATH

If you get a blank command line in response to either of these, then that particularvariable has no value (it has not yet been set).

2. Windows

Type these commands in a command window:

echo %PATH%

echo %CLASSPATH%

If you get the message "echo is on" for either of these, then that particular variable has novalue (it has not yet been set).

3. Windows 98

First, try the instructions for "Other Versions of Windows." If you are able to set PATH

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via the System window, great! Otherwise, you will need to modify a line of text in thec:\autoexec.bat file and restart your computer.

Start Notepad (Start > Program Files > Accessories > Notepad)

Open c:\autoexec.bat (File > Open, change to the c: folder and look for and openautoexec.bat. If you don't find one, create one.)

You might find one or more than one line that starts with "set path". Look for one.

If you do not find any lines starting with "set path", then add this new line to the end ofthe autoexec.bat file:

set path=c:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin

(This assumes that you really do have such a folder after you installed Java SDK 1.4.

Please verify as needed.)

If you already have one or more lines starting with "set path", go to the last one. If it doesnot currently include "c:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin", then add a semicolon to the righthand end ofthe "set path" expression and then add this:

c:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin

Save the changes to autoexec.bat.

You might find one or more than on line that starts with "set classpath". Look for one.

If you do not find any lines starting with "set classpath", exit Notepad and any otherprograms and restart your computer. Try the java and javac commands again to see if theywork now. You can ignore the remaining instructions below.

If you already have one or more lines starting with "set classpath", go to the last one. Addthis to the righthand end of the "set classpath" expression:

Save the changes to autoexec.bat, exit Notepad and any other programs and restart yourcomputer. Try the java and javac commands again.

2. APACHE: Download Apache tomcat server from following website

http://tomcat.apache.org/download-55.cgi

And install it my assigning a port number , username and password.

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3. XAMPP Control Panel (Default MySql Database):

Download Xampp from following wed site:

www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-windows.html

STANDARD INSTALLATION:

1. Double-click on the Windows installation icon, xampp-win32-1.xxx-installer.exe.

The installation will commence, and standard options are presented. Xampp installs by

default to C:\Program Files\Xampp. Check the relevant boxes to install Apache, mySQL,

and FileZilla as a service on NT-type systems -- NT4, W2K, XP -- (recommended). This

means they start up with Windows, and Windows closes them to shut down.

2. Run the program by clicking the Start Menu item.

3. Start / stop the individual applications via the Xampp Control Panel, in the Windows

Start menu.

4. To Uninstall: Windows - Control Panel - Add/Remove Programs - click the Xampp

entry.

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12. BIBLIOGRAPHYREFERENCES/BIBILIOGRAPHY

JAVA Technologies:

JAVA Complete Reference

Java Script Programming by Yehuda Shiran

JAVA server pages by Larne Pekowsley.

T.H. Haveliwala, "Topic-Sensitive PageRank,"Proc.2002

G. Jeh and J. Widom, "Scaling Personalized Web Search,"Proc.

A. Balmin, V. Hristidis, and Y. Papakonstantinou, "ObjectRank: Authority-Based

Keyword Search in Databases," Proc. Int'l Conf. Very Large Data

Bases(VLDB),2004.

HTML

www.w3schools.com.

DATA MINING

Data Mining Concepts and Techniques Jiawei Han and Micheline Kamber.

MYSQL

http://www.mysqltutorial.org/

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