Automated Medication Dispensing Device

Automated Medication Automated Medication Dispensing DeviceDispensing Device

Team 6:Team 6:Eva Marie SuarezEva Marie Suarez

Kevin VillaniKevin VillaniJacquelyn MasseJacquelyn Masse

RERC on Accessible Medical Instrumentation Competition 2005-2006

Automated Medication Dispensing Automated Medication Dispensing DeviceDevice

Client NeedsClient Needs Existing Devices and PatentsExisting Devices and Patents Device FeaturesDevice Features DesignDesign BudgetBudget

ObjectivesObjectives


Client NeedsClient Needs Multiple Multiple

medicationsmedications Poor eyesightPoor eyesight Lack of fine Lack of fine

motor controlmotor control Limited mobilityLimited mobility SegmentationSegmentation


Product Product NameName ImageImage PROPRO CONCON

MedTimeMedTime - Timer with alarmTimer with alarm- PortablePortable- $232.95$232.95

- Difficult loadingDifficult loading- No cutting deviceNo cutting device- No security featureNo security feature

MD2MD2 - - Timer with alarmTimer with alarm- Gives medication Gives medication instructionsinstructions- Calls caretaker if Calls caretaker if medication not medication not dispensed or refill is dispensed or refill is neededneeded

- Dispenses in small Dispenses in small containercontainer- No cutting deviceNo cutting device- No security featureNo security feature- $919.95 plus $38.95 per $919.95 plus $38.95 per monthmonth

CompuMCompuMeded

- - Timer with alarmTimer with alarm- - Gives medication Gives medication instructionsinstructions-- Minimal security Minimal security- - Tracks number of Tracks number of missed dosesmissed doses

- Pills deposited into drawerPills deposited into drawer- Only dispenses up to 4 Only dispenses up to 4 times per daytimes per day- Medicine cassette needs Medicine cassette needs to be changed weeklyto be changed weekly- No cutting deviceNo cutting device- $1045.00$1045.00

Products Currently Products Currently AvailableAvailable

Automated Medication Dispensing Automated Medication Dispensing DeviceDevicePatentPatent

ss Medication Dispenser for Dispensing Flat Medication Dispenser for Dispensing Flat

Dosage Forms (6,527,138)Dosage Forms (6,527,138) Tamper Resistant Programmable Tamper Resistant Programmable

Medicine Dispenser (6,163,736)Medicine Dispenser (6,163,736) Timed Medicine Dispenser (4,207,992)Timed Medicine Dispenser (4,207,992) Medicine Dispenser (5,947,329)Medicine Dispenser (5,947,329) Medicine Dispensing Device (5,454,793)Medicine Dispensing Device (5,454,793) Gravity Feeding Pill Medicine Dispenser Gravity Feeding Pill Medicine Dispenser

(4,638,923)(4,638,923)


Device Device featuresfeatures Automatically Cuts PillsAutomatically Cuts Pills

Easy LoadingEasy Loading Keeps Pills OrganizedKeeps Pills Organized Alarm ReminderAlarm Reminder Automatically Dispenses DosageAutomatically Dispenses Dosage


Basic ElementsBasic Elements Device componentsDevice components

User inputUser input LabVIEW programLabVIEW program CaseCase Robotic arm with vacuum assemblyRobotic arm with vacuum assembly Cutter assemblyCutter assembly Storage assembly Storage assembly

Automated Medication Dispensing Automated Medication Dispensing DeviceDevice User User

InputInput User interface User interface

LabVIEW on Laptop ComputerLabVIEW on Laptop Computer KeyboardKeyboard Barcode ScannerBarcode Scanner

FunctionsFunctions Add pillsAdd pills Set number of pillsSet number of pills Set new expiration dateSet new expiration date


Front Panel Front Panel


Block Diagram – Main ProgramBlock Diagram – Main Program

TimingTiming

DispensingDispensing



Adding PillsAdding Pills



Cutting SequenceCutting Sequence


Block Diagram – Motor ControlBlock Diagram – Motor Control


Block Diagram – Motor ControlBlock Diagram – Motor Control

Pill SensorPill Sensor

Basic Motor ProgramBasic Motor Program


Outer CaseOuter Case


Major ComponentsMajor Components

FunnelFunnelCutterCutterArm Arm

Vacuum Tip Vacuum Tip Temporary Temporary

StorageStorageStorage Storage

CompartmentsCompartments


Storage Storage AssemblyAssembly

• 7 compartments7 compartments

• Mounted on Mounted on rotating baserotating base

• Sloped bottomSloped bottom


RoboticRobotic ArmArm•Range: Approximately Range: Approximately 240°240°•Moves pills around Moves pills around enclosureenclosure•Mount for vacuum Mount for vacuum tubingtubing

VacuumVacuum•PumpPump•TipTip•FilterFilter•Pressure sensorPressure sensor


Cutter Cutter AssemblyAssembly

Complete AssemblyComplete Assembly

BladeBlade

TemporaryTemporaryStorageStorage

FunnelFunnel


Data FlowData Flow

Robotic Arm

Servo

Cutter assembly

Servo

Servo

Vacuum

Rotating Base

LaptopComputer

Barcode reader

DAQ

analog digitalPump

DC

Servo

Keyboard

Servo

Servo

RelaysCTR0

Pressure Sensor

DCPin 2Pin 4

6.0 V

3.0 V


Product TestingProduct Testing


Future ImprovementsFuture Improvements MicrocontrollersMicrocontrollers

InexpensiveInexpensive SmallSmall

Touch ScreenTouch Screen Eliminates need for keyboardEliminates need for keyboard

Option for early dosage dispenseOption for early dosage dispense Audio instructions reminder when Audio instructions reminder when

dispensingdispensing


BudgetBudget

Component Quantity Unit Price Extended Price Supplier

Servo Motors 3 $34.09 $102.26 Lynx MotionRoll-up Keyboard 1 $19.59 $19.59 Mwave.com

Barcode Scanner 1 $126.45 $126.45 ID Automation

Vacuum Pump 1 $18.73 $18.73 Skycraft PartsKeyboard

Labels 1 $36.45 $36.45 EnableMart

Plastic 1 $45.00 $45.00 Lynx Motion

TOTAL $348.48


ConclusionConclusion2. Designing2. Designing

•CostCost•FunctionalityFunctionality•Aesthetics Aesthetics •Electrical, MechanicalElectrical, Mechanical & Technical& Technical•Optimal designOptimal design

5. Reporting5. Reporting•Lab NotebookLab Notebook•MeetingsMeetings•Written ReportsWritten Reports•PresentationPresentation

1. Planning1. Planning•Client needsClient needs•SpecificationSpecifications s & & RequirementsRequirements•Business Business AnalysisAnalysis

4. Testing & Adjusting4. Testing & Adjusting

3. Building3. Building•TimeframeTimeframe•CompatibilityCompatibility

FINALFINALPRODUCTPRODUCT


AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements RERC CompetitionRERC Competition Chris LieblerChris Liebler John EnderleJohn Enderle Dave KaputaDave Kaputa Bharat SandhuBharat Sandhu Tolland Architecture and Tolland Architecture and

WoodworkingWoodworking Jon SapienzaJon Sapienza


Questions?Questions?


Back-Up SlidesBack-Up Slides


MedTime: The Medtime product is essentially a rotating disk that contains several compartments in which the MedTime: The Medtime product is essentially a rotating disk that contains several compartments in which the pills are separated into to create the appropriate dosage. The MedTime device also contains a timer and an alarm pills are separated into to create the appropriate dosage. The MedTime device also contains a timer and an alarm which can be programmed to sound when the medication must be taken. Once this alarm goes off, the disk which can be programmed to sound when the medication must be taken. Once this alarm goes off, the disk rotates to reveal the next dosage to be taken. The client then turns the product over so the pills fall into his/her rotates to reveal the next dosage to be taken. The client then turns the product over so the pills fall into his/her hand. If a dosage is missed then the disk will continue to rotate so that the next dosage becomes available. The hand. If a dosage is missed then the disk will continue to rotate so that the next dosage becomes available. The advantage of this device is that it is portable, so it can be taken with the client at all times. This product is also advantage of this device is that it is portable, so it can be taken with the client at all times. This product is also one of the least expensive medication dispensing devices at $232.95. The disadvantages of this product are its one of the least expensive medication dispensing devices at $232.95. The disadvantages of this product are its time consuming loading requirement, the lack of a cutting device, and minimal security. To load the device all time consuming loading requirement, the lack of a cutting device, and minimal security. To load the device all the dosages must be pre-separated which will require the effort of a caretaker in most cases. The dispensing the dosages must be pre-separated which will require the effort of a caretaker in most cases. The dispensing mechanism of the device is also inadequate for many elderly, since it requires one to tip the device over to expel mechanism of the device is also inadequate for many elderly, since it requires one to tip the device over to expel the dosage. Not only is the method of dispensing not safe if there are children present since it is accessible to the dosage. Not only is the method of dispensing not safe if there are children present since it is accessible to anyone, but it also provides the opportunity for the medication to fall on the ground easily. Those in a wheelchair anyone, but it also provides the opportunity for the medication to fall on the ground easily. Those in a wheelchair would not be able to pick up the medication if it fell on the ground as well as those with poor vision. would not be able to pick up the medication if it fell on the ground as well as those with poor vision.

MD2: The MD2 is a more sophisticated medication dispensing device than the MedTime. This product contains MD2: The MD2 is a more sophisticated medication dispensing device than the MedTime. This product contains the same feature of a timed dispensing mechanism with an alarm to alert the client. The dosage is expelled in a the same feature of a timed dispensing mechanism with an alarm to alert the client. The dosage is expelled in a small plastic container once the release button is pushed by the user which also turns off the alarm. When a small plastic container once the release button is pushed by the user which also turns off the alarm. When a dosage is released any medication instructions that was programmed into the device is then given orally, such as dosage is released any medication instructions that was programmed into the device is then given orally, such as ‘take with food’. If a dosage is missed the device can call up to four individuals to alert them that a dose was not ‘take with food’. If a dosage is missed the device can call up to four individuals to alert them that a dose was not taken. The advantages of this device is that it alerts another individual of a missed dose rather than moving onto taken. The advantages of this device is that it alerts another individual of a missed dose rather than moving onto the next one, so the probability of a dosage not being taken is relatively small. Clients that forget to take their the next one, so the probability of a dosage not being taken is relatively small. Clients that forget to take their medication are also likely to forget the instructions or each medication, an error in consumption of the pills is medication are also likely to forget the instructions or each medication, an error in consumption of the pills is prevented with this device via the oral instructions. The disadvantage of this product is mainly its cost. The prevented with this device via the oral instructions. The disadvantage of this product is mainly its cost. The dispenser costs $919.95 plus an additional $38.95 per month for the calling feature. The product also does not dispenser costs $919.95 plus an additional $38.95 per month for the calling feature. The product also does not have a cutter and has minimal security since the dispensing of the medication is controlled by the push of a have a cutter and has minimal security since the dispensing of the medication is controlled by the push of a button, which can be done by any individual in the household including small children. Dispensing the dosage in button, which can be done by any individual in the household including small children. Dispensing the dosage in a small container also requires the assistance of a caretaker to prepare. Opening this container once dispensed a small container also requires the assistance of a caretaker to prepare. Opening this container once dispensed may also prove difficult for some individuals with limited mobility and poor vision.may also prove difficult for some individuals with limited mobility and poor vision.

CompuMed: The CompuMed shares some similarities with both the MedTime and the MD2. This device alerts CompuMed: The CompuMed shares some similarities with both the MedTime and the MD2. This device alerts the user that a dosage needs to be taken via an alarm. The dosage is deposited into a small drawer located on the the user that a dosage needs to be taken via an alarm. The dosage is deposited into a small drawer located on the front of the device. If a dosage is missed the drawer is withdrawn and the dosage is sent to another front of the device. If a dosage is missed the drawer is withdrawn and the dosage is sent to another compartment. The machine keeps track of how many doses were missed but does not alert any caretaker as the compartment. The machine keeps track of how many doses were missed but does not alert any caretaker as the MD2 does. It will also provide the medication instructions on the LCD screen when a dosage is dispensed as the MD2 does. It will also provide the medication instructions on the LCD screen when a dosage is dispensed as the MD2. The CompuMed has a higher level of security than the other two devices. Although the dosage is deposited MD2. The CompuMed has a higher level of security than the other two devices. Although the dosage is deposited into a drawer where others can access it, the rest of the medication stored in the product is locked inside with a into a drawer where others can access it, the rest of the medication stored in the product is locked inside with a key. This key is also needed to change the programming of the device and thus prevents any tampering that may key. This key is also needed to change the programming of the device and thus prevents any tampering that may otherwise occur. The main advantages of this device are its enhanced security, and lower cost when compared to otherwise occur. The main advantages of this device are its enhanced security, and lower cost when compared to the MD2. The CompuMed costs approximately $1045.00, but does not have any additional monthly fees. The the MD2. The CompuMed costs approximately $1045.00, but does not have any additional monthly fees. The disadvantage of this product is that the medication is loaded into cartridges which is a time consuming process disadvantage of this product is that the medication is loaded into cartridges which is a time consuming process and limits the amount of medication that can dispensed. The cartridges need to be changed weekly and are only and limits the amount of medication that can dispensed. The cartridges need to be changed weekly and are only capable of dispensing up to four dosages per day. This device also lacks a cutting mechanism and dispenses the capable of dispensing up to four dosages per day. This device also lacks a cutting mechanism and dispenses the medication into a drawer which may be difficult to extract from the small drawer for some individuals. medication into a drawer which may be difficult to extract from the small drawer for some individuals.


Medication Dispenser for Dispensing Flat Dosage Forms (6,527,138): This device is Medication Dispenser for Dispensing Flat Dosage Forms (6,527,138): This device is designed specifically for flat mediations that come on a roll similar to that of a stamp designed specifically for flat mediations that come on a roll similar to that of a stamp roll. The device then advances the roll when the next medication needs to be taken. roll. The device then advances the roll when the next medication needs to be taken. The dispensing mechanism can be either manual activated, mechanical or automated. The dispensing mechanism can be either manual activated, mechanical or automated. The machine also has the capability to record the number of doses dispensed.The machine also has the capability to record the number of doses dispensed.

Tamper Resistant Programmable Medicine Dispenser (6,163,736): This device Tamper Resistant Programmable Medicine Dispenser (6,163,736): This device prevents unauthorized movement of the indexing assembler to prevent untimely prevents unauthorized movement of the indexing assembler to prevent untimely access to medications. It is a small and portable product, but requires the access to medications. It is a small and portable product, but requires the medications to be separated into the appropriate dosages beforehand. medications to be separated into the appropriate dosages beforehand.

Medicine Dispenser (5,947,329): This product also provides a security feature against Medicine Dispenser (5,947,329): This product also provides a security feature against unauthorized access to the medication by storing the medication in sealed containers unauthorized access to the medication by storing the medication in sealed containers that require deliberate steps to get the medication dispensed. This device is that require deliberate steps to get the medication dispensed. This device is completely mechanical and includes a counter to track the dosages dispensed.completely mechanical and includes a counter to track the dosages dispensed.

Timed Medicine Dispenser (4,207,992): As the title suggests, this a timed dispenser Timed Medicine Dispenser (4,207,992): As the title suggests, this a timed dispenser which alerts the patient when the medication needs to be taken. The pills need to be which alerts the patient when the medication needs to be taken. The pills need to be pre-separated into the correct dosages as with several of the other devices. pre-separated into the correct dosages as with several of the other devices.

Medicine Dispensing Device (5,454,793): This device is made specifically for liquid Medicine Dispensing Device (5,454,793): This device is made specifically for liquid medications. It dispenses metered quantities from an ampoule and can easily return medications. It dispenses metered quantities from an ampoule and can easily return to its original state. to its original state.

Gravity Feeding Pill Medicine Dispenser (4,638,923): This is the only device that Gravity Feeding Pill Medicine Dispenser (4,638,923): This is the only device that dispenses the medication from the container provided by the pharmacy. It uses dispenses the medication from the container provided by the pharmacy. It uses gravity to release the pills from the container. It is economical and easy to use, but gravity to release the pills from the container. It is economical and easy to use, but does not contain a system to verify that the pills were extracted from the container does not contain a system to verify that the pills were extracted from the container correctly. correctly.

PatentsPatents


SpecificationsSpecificationsElectrical Parameters Power Sources

Main AC-DC converter Voltage splitter (resistive network)

PDA rechargeable lithium battery Display Number of Characters 320x320 Height ~4.5 in. Width ~3.1 in. Illumination Transflective TFT color display (65,000 colors) Touch screen

Bright display for elderly and vision impaired High contrast Motors Stepper motors

Quantity 2 Voltage 12V

Servo motors Quantity 4 Voltage 9V User interface roll up keyboard, possibly w/brail Accuracy ¼ tablet – 100% Mechanical Parameters Material Plastic

Compatible with chemical composition of Medications used

Weight <20 lbs Vibration minimal Size easily transportable to a home or clinical setting Anchoring/Mounting System strap or screw plate Gears screw and simple Blade Size 1” razor blade Material metal with low reactivity, possibly stainless steel Security Case screwed shut Medication door with child safety

Environmental Parameters Operating temperatures 0-100° C Storage temperature dependant on medication (will research) Storage humidity airtight Light level low Hardware and Software Parameters PDA Processor Intel 200MHz Xscale Operating system Palm 0S garnet (v5.4) required for LabView Required program Microsoft Excel Programming Programmed in LabView Memory 32MB (26 MB actual storage) Barcode reader Plug n Play type, output to Excel spreadsheet file Input Parameters Alarm silence PDA front panel Barcode data Medication name

Dose Interval Expiration dates Warning

Medication reload User operated Output Parameters Alarm condition User input required for medication dispensing Error condition Medication jam Dose/Interval Change confirmation Time stamp dose Record dose and time Medication Near empty warning (reload)


References References

e-pill Medication Reminders, Wellesley, MA, e-pill Medication Reminders, Wellesley, MA, 2005.2005.http://www.epill.comhttp://www.epill.com

Lynxmotion LLC., Pekin, IL, 2004.Lynxmotion LLC., Pekin, IL, 2004.http://www.lynxmotion.comhttp://www.lynxmotion.com

National Instruments Corporation, Austin, National Instruments Corporation, Austin, TX, 2005.TX, 2005.http://www.ni.comhttp://www.ni.com

Parallax Inc., Rocklin, California, 2002-2004.Parallax Inc., Rocklin, California, 2002-2004.http://www.parallax.comhttp://www.parallax.com

Automated Medication Dispensing Device

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