Republic of the Philippines Cavite State University

Don Severino De las Alas Campus Indang, Cavite

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

In Partial Fulfillment of ITEC 55: Systems Analysis and Design (SAD)

AUTOMATED K-12 GRADING SYSTEM FOR FRANCISCO OSORIO

NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Submitted to: Kate Cristel C. Mojica

Instructor

Submitted by: Abisado Reginald S. Guacena, Ivy Mae M.

Guerrero, Neil Jeffrey E. Rosario, Ivyree A.

San Gabriel, Rochelle P.

Date submitted: October 2013

Table of Contents

I. INTRODUCTION------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1

Background of the Study-------------------------------------------------------- 1

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) of Existing System----------------------------- 3

Statement of the Problem ------------------------------------------------------ 4

Theoretical Framework --------------------------------------------------------- 5

Objectives of the Study---------------------------------------------------------- 6

Scope and Limitations----------------------------------------------------------- 7

Significance of the Study-------------------------------------------------------- 7

II. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES------------------------------------------------ 8

III. DISCUSSION OF PROPOSED / COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM------------ 14

Use Case Diagram--------------------------------------------------------------- 14

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) of Proposed / Computerized System----- 15

Database Design------------------------------------------------------------------ 16

Tables ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 16

Data Dictionary----------------------------------------------------------- 17

Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) ------------------------------------------ 19

Reports------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20

IV. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION------------------ 21

Summary---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21

Conclusion-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22

Recommendation----------------------------------------------------------------- 22

Bibliography------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

According to the Department of Education, the educational system of the

Philippines was patterned both from the educational systems of Spain and the

United States. However, after the liberation of the Philippines in 1946, the system

radically changed.

The Department of Education administers the entire educational system,

especially the curriculum, along with the utilization of given funds for school

services, equipment, recruitment of teachers (for public schools only).

The former educational system of the Philippines was composed of 6

years of elementary education starting at the age of 6 and 4 years of high school

education starting at the age of 12. With this system, compulsory education is not

enforced.

However, the date June 4, 2012 signaled the start of the implementation

of a new educational system, which is the K-12 educational system, which

includes the new curricula for all schools. With this system, education will be now

compulsory.

All public and private schools in the Philippines must start classes from the

mandated by the Department of the Education, and must end after each school

completes the mandated 200-day school calendar of DepEd (usually around the

third week March to the second week of April).

Computation of grades in school became easy for modern teacher but for

traditional one they found difficult but now no burden in recording, transmitting,

giving the equivalent and the final grades for teachers who are computer literate,

where time, effort and energy is minimized.

This is the point of this study, to device a program in order to ease the

computation of grades and ranking the students basing their subject’s

performances. This is now the scenario and dilemma of Francisco Osorio

National High School.

Now, with the technology which is to be developed, it will enable them to

do more with less effort. The program will not continuously find way to improve

and expedite the calculation of grades.

The use of computer nowadays is necessary to replace the manual

system that affects efficiency and effectiveness, accuracy and reliability.

Hence, the researchers would like to develop a K-12 computer-based

grading system.

Statement of the Problem

Prone to error computation

MAN POWER MACHINE

METHOD

Teachers

Manual Inputting

Calculator

Time Consuming in

computation of grades

MATERIALS METHOD

PEOPLE MAN POWER

Teacher Increasing no.

of students

Class Record Manual input

Data Storage

MATERIALS

ENVIRONMENT

METHOD

Class Record Not secure

FIGURE 1

FIGURE 3

FIGURE 2

Theoretical Framework

T

E

A

C

H

E

R

ACCOUNT MODULE

LOG IN

CREATE NEW RECORD

EDIT ACCOUNT

LOG OUT

GRADE MODULE

EDIT GRADES

INPUT GRADES

CALCULATE GRADES

REPORT MODULE

PRINT RECORDS

VIEW MODULE

SEARCH

SORT

ARRANGE

FIGURE 4. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

Objectives of the Study

Generally, this study aims to have an automated system of grade

computation of the Francisco Osorio National High School. This aims to lessen

the time and effort in computing grades.

Specifically, the system want the users to manipulate data easily, find/copy other

data easier and faster, fast tracking in the checking of the grading sheets, lesser

time in monitoring the preparation of grading sheets.

Scopes and Limitations

The computerized grading system provides faculty staffs/teachers a faster

and more accurate way of grade computation. This system is an enhanced way

provided for the teachers of Francisco Osorio National High School for an easier

way and ease of access of student grade computation and assessment.

Significance of the Study

The beneficiaries this system will be:

School itself will become known because of the automated form of their grading

system.

Teachers. They will use the computer based grading system for the fast and

accurate computation of grades.

Class Advisers. It will become easy for them now to print the grades and

distribute it to the students.

Principal. They will double check the computed grades by the subject teachers

in fast and accurate way.

Students. They will also benefit from the study and we can assure them a fast

and accurate computation of their grades.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Here are some related literatures of Computer-Based Grading System

which may help in the development of this system. It is composed of discussions

of facts and principles to which the present study is related.

Grading System

Based on Ignacio, F. (2011), grading System is designed to provide incentive

reward for achievement and assist in identifying problems of the student. Grading

System is the most commonly used in computing and analyzing the performance,

talent and skills of students? It is the important record to keep even for the

longest time for the referral and credentials of the student to enter their next level

of attaining their goals. It is the tract record that recognizes of one student, this

maybe use for analyzing of your attitude and values. Based on our research the

school of Romblon State University Cajidiocan Campus is using a manual

computation of grades of each student, which is the traditional use when

technology is not yet developed. Manual computation is very prompt to risk for

any circumstances. It is time consuming in terms of recording grades, omputation

using of calculator. If some records are lost, they never retrieve it in case of

unexpected calamity. Accuracy and security is not been so defined.

Manual Grading System

Based on Per Christensson in the manual grading system, some problems

are being site. One of the common problems was not accurate computing of

grades and slow compilation of grades. Applying automation to Grading systems

wherein it will make a task more easy and accurate. The system named

“Development of k-12 grading system” is effective on inputting and storing data.

And the excellence and efficiency of this system is assured. Effective grading

and reporting systems promote interaction and involvement among all the

beneficiaries (students, parents, teachers, and administrators) in the educational

process.

Automated Grading System

In literature very little research papers are found on computer vision

based automated grading and sorting systems. However, there have been efforts

to develop both: the internal (Wulfsohn et al., 1993, Lee et al., 2008 and

Schmilovitch et al., 1999) and the external (Fadel et al., 2006) quality factor

based techniques for this purpose. In what to follows we describe our research

study quality factor based on grading and sorting system.

According to Kalpito nowadays, in a highly technological society, human

productivity is made more efficient through the development of electronic

gadgets. Now, with the advent of such modernization in education, one way to

globalize the process of research is to realize that technology is advancing at an

incredibly fast phase. Computers are not confined to being used for

entertainment but its role in education is also vast. Grading is one of the most

important activities a faculty member does. Many problems in teaching arise

because of grading issues.

Programming Language

In this study (Development of k-12 grading system) a programming

language are used to implement it. On the working program, Visual Basic is

used. Visual Basic is a programming language and development environment

created by Microsoft. It is an extension of the BASIC programming language that

combines BASIC functions and commands with visual controls. Visual Basic

provides a graphical user interface GUI that allows the developer to drag and

drop objects into the program as well as manually write program code. Research

based on Per Christensson.

Database

According to IT Business Edge, databases are organized by fields,

records, and files. A field is a single piece of information; a record is one

complete set of fields; and a file is a collection of records. For example, a

telephone book is analogous to a file. It contains a list of records, each of which

consists of three fields: name, address, and telephone number.

An alternative concept in database design is known as Hypertext. In a

Hypertext database, any object, whether it be a piece of text, a picture, or a film,

can be linked to any other object. Hypertext databases are particularly useful for

organizing large amounts of disparate information, but they are not designed for

numerical analysis. To access information from a database, you need a database

management system (DBMS). This is a collection of programs that enables you

to enter, organize, and select data in a database.

In addition, Merriam Webster Dictionary defines database as a

collection of pieces of information that is organized and used on a computer

collection of pieces of information that is organized and used on a computer and

Collection of data or information organized for rapid search and retrieval,

especially by a computer. Databases are structured to facilitate storage, retrieval,

modification, and deletion of data in conjunction with various data – processing

operations.

A database consists of a file or set of files that can be broken down into

records, each of which consists of one or more fields. Fields are the basic units

of data storage. Users retrieve database information primarily through queries.

Using keywords and sorting commands, users can rapidly search, rearrange,

group, and select the field in many records to retrieve or create reports on

particular aggregates of data according to the rules of the database management

system being used.

Database Management System

IT Business Edge describes database management system as a collection

of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information from a

database. There are many different types of DBMSs, ranging from small systems

that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes.

Related Studies

MyStudentsProgress.com came up also on the idea of this study. This

site makes it easy for teachers to enter grades with our multiple Grade Book

Views. Their grade book allows teachers to enter grades, flag missing

assignments, track student comments and enter sub-skill grades for each course.

It auto-calculates grades on the fly and integrates with the Report Card module,

providing teachers the ability to print report cards in a matter of seconds. With its

intuitive look and feel of a paper grade book, MyStudentsProgress.com is the

easiest grading software to use.

Synthesis

Compared to other related projects about grading system, our system is

offline and not interactive. Other systems are online and can be accessed by the

end-users including students for viewing purposes. Our system only has limited

features and it can only accept and process data, but cannot be accessed by

students.

DISCUSSION OF PROPOSED / COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM

Use Case Diagram

Edit

Account

Create new

record

Load new

Grading sheet

Load existing grading sheet

Load existing grading sheet

Add student

Edit sections/ grading sheet

properties

Calculate Grades

Log in

Print

Records

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) of Proposed/Computerized System

data base

Students

1.0

2.0

1.2

1.1.0

Login

Teacher’s

main menu

Load Existing

record Create new acc.

3.0

2.1 1.1.1

Edit acct.

settings

View grading

sheet

Create new

grading sheet

3.1

1.1.2 3.3

3.2

Print grades

Edit grading

sheet Calculate grades

Add students

Students Data base 01

Teachers

User info

New acc. info

User info

New student info

New student info

Teacher’s acc. info

Find grades

Raw scores

Database Design

Tables

Figure 6. User Info Table

Figure 7. Sections Table

Figure 8. [Section Name] Table

Figure 9. [section Name] Components

Data Dictionary

Table

1

No. Data Element Length Type Description

1 FirstName 35 C User's First Name

2 LastName 35 C User's Last Name

3 EssentialKey 35 C Database's Password

Table

2

No. Data Element Length Type Description

1 SectionID 7 C Section ID

2 SectionName 35 C Name of Section

3 SectionYear 35 C Year of Section

4 Subject 35 C Subject being taught

5 StartSched 10 C Time classes would start

6 EndSched 10 C Time classes would end

Table

3

No. Data Element Length Type Description

1 StudentID 3 C Student's unique ID

2 FirstName 35 C Student's first name

3 MiddleName 35 C Student's middle name

4 LastName 35 C Student's last name

5 Gender 20 C Student's Gender

6 Knowledge 5 C Knowledge Component

7 ProcessSkills 5 C

Process Skills

Component

8 Understanding 5 C

Understanding

Component

9 Performance 5 C Product Component

10 FinalGrade 5 C Final Grade of student

11 Proficiency 10 C

Equivalent student

capability

Table

4

No. Data Element Length Type Description

1 Tests 255 C Name/Title of Test

2 Type 255 C Indicates whether type of

test is Exam or Output

3 RKnowledge 255 C Perfect Score for

Knowledge Component

4 RProcessSkills 255 C

Perfect Score for

Process/ Skills

5 RUnderstanding 255 C perfect score for

understanding

component

6 RPerformance 255 C Perfect score for

performance component

Entity Relationship Diagram

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

Francisco Osorio National High School is the beneficiary of this study.

Based on the interview, they use manual grading system, reason for the difficulty

of compiling and manipulating the grades of the students in the K-12 curriculum.

The system aims to lessen the time and effort in computing grades and

give an accurate output and faster manipulating of data.

The developers conduct testing and debugging to determine if the system

will show flaws and its limitation and capabilities. It was tested based on the

appearance, functionality, user-friendliness and features of the application. They

used Variation diagram for the development of the study.

This proposed automated k-12 grading system will be surely useful. The

gathered information from the feedbacks of the respondents will be used in

enhancement of the system.

Conclusion

The researchers concluded that the Computerized K-12 Grading System

for Francisco Osorio National High School was developed according to the

system requirements gathered initially. The researchers concluded that the

Computerized Grading System should be implemented because it provides more

accurate records, efficient report and fast accessing of data in terms of

emergencies.

Recommendation

Based from all the observations, data gathering and analysis of the

present grading system of the Francisco Osorio National High School, the

researchers found out that most of the grading computations are done manually

and consumes a large amount of time. We therefore recommended the school to

implement a Computerized Grading System for them to be able to keep accurate

and efficient data records, lessen the workloads of the faculty staffs and teachers

on grade computations, and thus can save a lot of time.

References

Free Gradebook | School Management Software. http://www.thinkwave.com/

Gradelink School Administration System. http://www.gradelink.com/

Surfside Software.

http://www.surfsidesoftware.com/product_lighthouse_reportcard.htm

Grade Book Wizard. http://www.gradebookwizard.com/

My Student Progress.

http://www.mystudentsprogress.com/product/grade_book.html

Per Christensson. http://techware.com/