Autoimmune
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Hipersensitif tipe I
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Transcript of Autoimmune
Hipersensitif tipe I
POLLEN
NORMAL
HIPERSENSITIF TIPE II
HIPERSENSITIFITAS TIPE IV
Immune deficiency state
Infection : CD4> 500 x 106
Latent period : CD4200 - 500 x 106
AIDS : CD4 < 200 x 106
Common AIDS-associated disease and site*Brain: tumours (limphomas), inflammation
(encephalitis), dimentia*Mouth: trachea,oesophagus (candidiasis)*Lung:pneumocytis carinii infection, fungal
infection, TBC*Intestine: protozoal, salmonella infection*Skin: Kaposi’s sarcoma, fungal infection,herpes
zoster
AIDS MECHANISM
AUTOIMMUNE
Autoimmune diseases result from, or are associated with an immune response againts the individual’s own cell, or in some cases cell product. Although both humoral dan cell mediated immunity are involved, it is thought that change in the latter of primary importantce
Etiology:The etiology of autoimmune diseases is not established,
but clues to their genesis are available
Figure 1. Requirements for the development of an autoimmune disease.The immune response of a genetically predisposed individual to an environmental pathogen, in association with defects in immunoregulatory mechanisms, can lead to the development of an autoimmune disease. The importance of the single components represented in this Venn diagram may vary between individuals and diseases. However, the appearance of an autoimmune disease requires the convergence of all three components. T, T cell; B, B cell; DC, dendritic cell.
Bob Crimi
The reason for the breakdown of tolerance involve
1. Antigenic abnormalitya. Cell surface antigen modified
by drug or chemicalsb. Cell antigen modified by
proteolysis associated with disease processes, particularly inflammation, when “new”antigen are formed
c. Microbial cross-reacting antigen
2. Immune dysregulation
Abnormal pesence/
activity of auto-reaktive T cells
+/- failure of regulatory cells
CD4 cell activity increase
Cytotoxic T Cells promed
B cell activity
Auto-antibodies
Cytokines (delayed hyper-sensitivity re-
action)
Ag/Ab+complement
CELL DESTRUCTION
ORGAN SPESIFIK
Antibody or cell mediated reaction to
Target organ
Associated disease
Thyroid cells and hormone or TSH receptor
Thytroid
Primary myxoedema,Hashimoto’s disease (autoimmune thyroiditis), Thyrotoxikosis (Graves’ disease)
Parietal cells intrinsic factor/intrinsic factor B12 complex
Stomach
Pernicious anemia
SAMBUNGAN
Red blood cells Red blood cells Haemolytic anemia
Pancreatic islet beta cells
Pancreas Type I diabetes
Adrenal cortical cell, ACTH receptor
Adrenal Addison’s disease
Parathyroid cells Parathyroid Prymary hypoparathyroidism
Acetylcholline receptor
Voluntary muscle Myasthemia gravis
NON-ORGAN SPECIFIC
Antibody to Target organ Associated Disease
Mitochondria Liver Primary biliary cirrosis
Smooth muscle
Nuclear constituents
IgG
Many other body protein
Liver Autoimmune chronic hepatis
Skin and muscle
The connective tissue disease, Dermatomyositis, Rhematoid arthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Progressive systemic sclerosis
Skin, kidney,endocardium, blood vessels, joints
HASHIMOTO DISEASE
APPLIED IMMUNOLOGY
I.Immunohistochemical Identification
Immunohistochemical
Immunohistochemical
Immunoflorescent
TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION
Antigen presentingCell in graft
Present “foreign”HLA antigen
Cell mediatedimmunity
Cytokines
Rejevtion
Host T cell
Spesific T cell immuneRespons to HLA antigen
Cytotoxic T cells
Attack graff cell(particularly vascular
endothelium
