Authorship and Institutional Repositories: A Multinational Study of Archiving Behaviour Key...
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Authorship and Institutional Authorship and Institutional Repositories: Repositories:
A Multinational Study of A Multinational Study of Archiving Behaviour Archiving Behaviour
Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
Reasons for the studyReasons for the studyTo complement our study completed To complement our study completed in February 2004 on in February 2004 on open access open access publishingpublishing funded by JISC (Joint funded by JISC (Joint Information Systems Committee)Information Systems Committee)To understand better author To understand better author behaviour with respect to self-behaviour with respect to self-archiving; data will be used to inform archiving; data will be used to inform debate and activities in this arenadebate and activities in this arena
Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
MethodologyMethodologyOnline surveyOnline survey
Three populations contributed:Three populations contributed: ‘‘Interested and informed’ population Interested and informed’ population
(n = 401)(n = 401) ‘‘Self-archived’ population (n = 47)Self-archived’ population (n = 47) Random sample of authors (n = 796)Random sample of authors (n = 796)
Total population: n=1244Total population: n=1244
Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
Geographical origin of respondentsGeographical origin of respondents
Australia/New Zealand Australia/New Zealand 9% 9%Asia Asia 3% 3%ChinaChina 5% 5%JapanJapan 1% 1%North America North America 25%25%Central/South America Central/South America 8% 8%European Union European Union 14%14%UK UK 12%12%Other European countries Other European countries 13%13%Middle East Middle East 5% 5%Africa Africa 4% 4%
Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
Subject areas of respondentsSubject areas of respondents
Agriculture/food Agriculture/food 8% 8%
Business/mgmtBusiness/mgmt 4% 4%
ChemistryChemistry 9% 9%
Computer sciComputer sci 6%6%
Earth/geog sciEarth/geog sci 3%3%
Eng/materials sciEng/materials sci 10%10%
HumanitiesHumanities 5% 5%
Law/politicsLaw/politics 1%1%
Library/info sciLibrary/info sci 2%2%
Life SciencesLife Sciences 18% 18%
MathematicsMathematics 5% 5%
Medical sciences 19%Medical sciences 19%
PhysicsPhysics 7%7%
PsychologyPsychology 10% 10%
Social sci/educSocial sci/educ 11% 11%
Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
Why provide open access?Why provide open access?Institution-related advantages:Institution-related advantages:– Standardised online CVs for all Standardised online CVs for all
researchers (e.g. RAE exercise)researchers (e.g. RAE exercise)– ‘‘Marketing’ tool for universitiesMarketing’ tool for universities– Repository for all digital output from Repository for all digital output from
an institutionan institution
Author-related advantages:Author-related advantages:– It enhances accessibilityIt enhances accessibility– It increases the impact of an It increases the impact of an
author’s work (yes, it does…)author’s work (yes, it does…)Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
Author-related factorsAuthor-related factors
Yes, they DO publish for impactYes, they DO publish for impact
0102030405060708090
100
% respondents
Reasons for publishing
Communicate resultsto peers
Advance career
Gain personalprestige
Gain funding
Financial reward
Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
And…And…
Only 12% of Only 12% of authors say they authors say they have easy access have easy access to ALL the articles to ALL the articles they need to readthey need to read
Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
Open Access provision: two waysOpen Access provision: two ways
Publish work in open access Publish work in open access journalsjournals
‘‘Self-archive’: Self-archive’: – Personal or departmental Personal or departmental
websitewebsite– Institutional or departmental Institutional or departmental
archive (repository)archive (repository)– Subject-based or thematic Subject-based or thematic
repositoryrepository
Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
Institutional archivesInstitutional archives
Between 300 and 600 in Between 300 and 600 in existenceexistence
124 in Europe (124 in Europe (UK 35, Germany 16, UK 35, Germany 16, France 15, Sweden 13, Netherlands 12, France 15, Sweden 13, Netherlands 12,
Italy 5Italy 5))
60 in USA60 in USA
20 in Canada20 in Canada
10 in Australia10 in Australia
Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
Searching institutional archivesSearching institutional archives
9% use CitebaseSearch9% use CitebaseSearch
3% use OAIIECSP3% use OAIIECSP
2% use Arc2% use Arc
Others used: Arc, Callima, Cyclades, Others used: Arc, Callima, Cyclades, OAIster, Perseus, Public Knowledge OAIster, Perseus, Public Knowledge Project OA Harvester (PKP), SAIL, Project OA Harvester (PKP), SAIL, TORIITORII
How many authors are self-How many authors are self-archiving at the moment?archiving at the moment?
LocationLocation Pre-printPre-print Post-printPost-print
Personal web pagePersonal web page 16%16% 26%26%
Institutional (or Institutional (or departmental) archivedepartmental) archive
15%15% 22%22%
Centralised (subject-Centralised (subject-based) archivebased) archive
9%9% 13%13%
Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
BUT… 78% of authors who have not self-archived are not aware of the possibility of providing open access to their work by self-archiving
How did they learn about self-How did they learn about self-archiving?archiving?
0 20 40
% r
es
po
nd
en
ts w
ho
u
se
in
st
or
su
bje
ct-
ba
se
d a
rch
ive
s
From information fromdept or school
From co-authors
Work in field withsubject-based archives
Information frominstitution or library
From peers
Followed Open Accessdebate
Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
For how long?For how long?
Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
Up to 1 year20%
2-3 years33%
2325%
3-5 years22%
Why are they self-archiving?Why are they self-archiving?
Self-motivated:Self-motivated: 43%43%
Peers or co-authors:Peers or co-authors: 17%17%
OA articles are more highly cited:OA articles are more highly cited: 11%11%
Library or inst administrators:Library or inst administrators:14%14%
Research funder encouragement:Research funder encouragement: 8% 8%
Departmental encouragement:Departmental encouragement: 7% 7%
Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
Who has done the depositing?Who has done the depositing?
Library staff21%
Other4%
Author63%
Student/ assistant
12%
Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
Author expectations about data Author expectations about data longevitylongevity
Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
0 20 40 60
% r
esp
on
den
ts
In perpetuity(technologypermitting)
At least 10 years
At least 5 years
At least 2 years
How can self-archiving be boosted?How can self-archiving be boosted?
If your employer or research funder If your employer or research funder REQUIRED you to deposit copies of REQUIRED you to deposit copies of your articles in an open archive….your articles in an open archive….
79% would comply WILLINGLY79% would comply WILLINGLY
17% would comply reluctantly17% would comply reluctantly
4% would not comply4% would not comply
Key Perspectives LtdKey Perspectives Ltd
Just one of the new challenges…Just one of the new challenges…
Organise and make sense of information Organise and make sense of information in open archives:in open archives:– Preprint or postprintPreprint or postprint– ReferenceReference– Information retrieval issues:Information retrieval issues:
Controlled terms/indexingControlled terms/indexingNested sets, etcNested sets, etcSet delimitersSet delimitersAnalysis functionsAnalysis functions…………..
Swan A, Needham P, Probets P, Muir A, O’Brien A, Oppenheim C, Swan A, Needham P, Probets P, Muir A, O’Brien A, Oppenheim C, Hardy R and Rowland F (2004). Delivery, management and access Hardy R and Rowland F (2004). Delivery, management and access model for E-prints and open access journals within further and model for E-prints and open access journals within further and higher education (Report of a JISC study). pp 1-121. higher education (Report of a JISC study). pp 1-121. http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/ACF1E88.pdfhttp://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/ACF1E88.pdf
Alma Swan, Paul Needham, Steve Probets, Adrienne Muir, Anne Alma Swan, Paul Needham, Steve Probets, Adrienne Muir, Anne O’Brien, Charles Oppenheim, Rachel Hardy, Fytton Rowland and O’Brien, Charles Oppenheim, Rachel Hardy, Fytton Rowland and Sheridan Brown (2005). Developing a model for e-prints and open Sheridan Brown (2005). Developing a model for e-prints and open access journal content for UK higher and further education. In press access journal content for UK higher and further education. In press (Learned Publishing, Jan 2005 issue). Preprint available at: (Learned Publishing, Jan 2005 issue). Preprint available at: www.keyperspectives.co.uk/OpenAccessArchive/Eprints_LP_paper.www.keyperspectives.co.uk/OpenAccessArchive/Eprints_LP_paper.pdfpdf
Swan, Alma and Brown, Sheridan (2004) Report of the JISC/OSI Swan, Alma and Brown, Sheridan (2004) Report of the JISC/OSI journal authors survey. pp 1-76. journal authors survey. pp 1-76. http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/JISCOAreport1.pdfhttp://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/JISCOAreport1.pdf
Swan, Alma and Brown, Sheridan (2004) Authors and open access Swan, Alma and Brown, Sheridan (2004) Authors and open access publishing. publishing. Learned PublishingLearned Publishing, , 17 (3)17 (3), 219-224. , 219-224. http://lysander.ingentaselect.com/vl=15729124/cl=20/nw=1/rpsv/cgi-http://lysander.ingentaselect.com/vl=15729124/cl=20/nw=1/rpsv/cgi-bin/linker?ini=bin/linker?ini=alpsp&reqidxalpsp&reqidx=/cw/alpsp/09531513/v17n3/s7/p219=/cw/alpsp/09531513/v17n3/s7/p219