Authors: Source: Blood, July 2007.
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Transcript of Authors: Source: Blood, July 2007.
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Identification of functional endothelial progenitor Identification of functional endothelial progenitor cells suitable for the treatment of ischemic tissue using cells suitable for the treatment of ischemic tissue using
human umbilical cord bloodhuman umbilical cord bloodAuthors: Authors:
Source: Source: Blood, July 2007. Blood, July 2007.
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1. Background :1. Background :
a. Endothelial progenitor cell ( EPC )a. Endothelial progenitor cell ( EPC )
b. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity ( ALDH )b. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity ( ALDH )
2. Experimental design & Results2. Experimental design & Results
a. Isolation of EPCa. Isolation of EPC
b. Characterization of EPCb. Characterization of EPC
c. Function assays c. Function assays In vivoIn vivo & & In vitroIn vitro
3. Conclusion3. Conclusion
OutlinesOutlines
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Endothelial progenitor cells ( EPC )Endothelial progenitor cells ( EPC )
◆◆ originally identified from human peripheral blood ( PB )originally identified from human peripheral blood ( PB )
◆◆ also isolated from bone marrow , fetal liver, and umbilical cord blood.also isolated from bone marrow , fetal liver, and umbilical cord blood.
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Limb ischemia Myocardial infarction◆◆ Therapeutic angiogenesis :Therapeutic angiogenesis :
Endothelial progenitor cells ( EPC )Endothelial progenitor cells ( EPC )
◆◆ Physiologic functions:Physiologic functions:
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The definition of an EPCThe definition of an EPC
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◆◆ Hur et al. ( Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis , and Vascular Biology.2004 ) Hur et al. ( Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis , and Vascular Biology.2004 )
◆◆ Ingram et al.( Blood,2004)Ingram et al.( Blood,2004) ●● divided subpopulations according to clonogenic and proliferative potential.divided subpopulations according to clonogenic and proliferative potential. ●● Highly & Low proliferative endothelial potential-colony-forming cells ( HPP-ECFCs & LPP-Highly & Low proliferative endothelial potential-colony-forming cells ( HPP-ECFCs & LPP-ECFCs )ECFCs )
◆◆ Yoder et al ( Blood,2007 )Yoder et al ( Blood,2007 ) ●● Progeny of CD45Progeny of CD45++CD14CD14+ + cells are not EPCs but hematopoietic-derived myeloid progenitor cells. cells are not EPCs but hematopoietic-derived myeloid progenitor cells.
SourceSourceExponential Exponential
growthgrowthSurface markerSurface marker
Early Early EPCEPC
Adult peripheral Adult peripheral blood blood
mononuclear mononuclear cellscells
2 to 3 weeks2 to 3 weeks CD45,CD14CD45,CD14
Late Late EPCEPC
4 to 8 weeks4 to 8 weeksCD31,CD34,VEGFR2 , and VE-CD31,CD34,VEGFR2 , and VE-
cadherincadherin
The definition of an EPCThe definition of an EPC
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase ( ALDH ) Aldehyde dehydrogenase ( ALDH )
◆ Functions:
● Oxidized intercellular aldehyde and involved in ethanol, vitamin A , and cyclo-
phosphamide metabolism.
● High levels in hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells ( HPC & HSC ).
● The higher ALDH activity HSC expressed, the better progenitor function and
repopulation activity worked.
◆ Detection:
● Fluorescent aldehyde substrate (Dansyl aminoacetaldehyde, Aldefluor ) by flow
cytometry.
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Aim:Aim: To develop an appropriate procedure for isolating To develop an appropriate procedure for isolating EPCs from UCB to improve therapeutic efficacy and EPCs from UCB to improve therapeutic efficacy and
eliminate the expansion of nonessential cells.eliminate the expansion of nonessential cells.
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Isolation of UCB-derived EPCs by negative immunoselectionIsolation of UCB-derived EPCs by negative immunoselection
Isolation of EPCsIsolation of EPCs
Red blood cell surface marker: glycophorin A
Step 1Step 1
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Isolation of UCB-derived EPCs by negative immunoselectionIsolation of UCB-derived EPCs by negative immunoselection
Hematopoietic cell surface markers:Hematopoietic cell surface markers:CD3, CD14, CD19, CD38, CD66bCD3, CD14, CD19, CD38, CD66b..
Red blood cell marker:Red blood cell marker:glycophorin Aglycophorin A
UCB
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PE-conjugated Dil-Ac-LDL marker:PE-conjugated Dil-Ac-LDL marker: a. Dil-acetylated low-density lipoproteina. Dil-acetylated low-density lipoprotein b. Uptake of Dil-Ac-LDL by endothelial cells & macrophages b. Uptake of Dil-Ac-LDL by endothelial cells & macrophages as scavengers.as scavengers.
Characterization of EPCs by uptake of Dil-Ac-LDLCharacterization of EPCs by uptake of Dil-Ac-LDL
Bright fieldBright field Dark fieldDark field
Cell morphology Cell morphology Cobblestone-like clustersCobblestone-like clusters
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Characterization of EPCs by flow cytometry sortingCharacterization of EPCs by flow cytometry sorting
CD45CD45- - / Ac-LDL/ Ac-LDL++ CD31CD31+ + / Ac-LDL/ Ac-LDL++
Ac-LDLAc-LDL++/CD31/CD31++/CD45/CD45-- cells cells
EC-like morphologyEC-like morphology
CD45: CD45: Hematopoietic stem Hematopoietic stem cell surface markercell surface marker
Step 2Step 2
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Capillary tube-like structure on MatrigelCapillary tube-like structure on Matrigel
Matrigel :Matrigel : A. Solubilized basement membrane matrix . A. Solubilized basement membrane matrix . B. Rich in extracellular matrix proteins. B. Rich in extracellular matrix proteins. C. Endothelial cells formed capillary tube in matrigel.C. Endothelial cells formed capillary tube in matrigel.
Analysis of endothelial tube formation of EPCs in MatrigelAnalysis of endothelial tube formation of EPCs in Matrigel
Ac-LDLAc-LDL++/CD31/CD31++/CD45/CD45-- cells cells
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ConclusionConclusion
Endothelial cell morphologyEndothelial cell morphology
Ac-LDLAc-LDL++/CD31/CD31++/CD45/CD45- - cellscells
Capillary tube formation in matrigelCapillary tube formation in matrigel
Characterization of isolated EPCsCharacterization of isolated EPCs
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Separation of EPCs according to the ALDH activitySeparation of EPCs according to the ALDH activityAldefluor : Aldefluor : ALDH substrateALDH substrate
Alde-High EPCAlde-High EPC
Alde-Low EPCAlde-Low EPC
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Characterization of Alde-High & Alde-Low EPCsCharacterization of Alde-High & Alde-Low EPCs
Endothelial cell–specific cell surface markersEndothelial cell–specific cell surface markers
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Hematopoietic stem cell surface markersHematopoietic stem cell surface markers
Characterization of Alde-High & Alde-Low EPCsCharacterization of Alde-High & Alde-Low EPCs
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ConclusionConclusion
EPCs can divide two groups according to ALDH activity.
Alde-High & Alde-Low EPCs :
EC-specific markers
No hematopoietic stem cells
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Growth rate of Alde-High & Alde-Low EPCs under Growth rate of Alde-High & Alde-Low EPCs under hypoxiahypoxia In VitroIn Vitro
Growth rateGrowth rate
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Capillary networks formation in MatrigelCapillary networks formation in Matrigel
Capillary formation of Alde-High & Alde-Low EPCs under Capillary formation of Alde-High & Alde-Low EPCs under hypoxiahypoxia In VitroIn Vitro
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The assay of migration activity of EPCs by transwell culture The assay of migration activity of EPCs by transwell culture in Vitro in Vitro
Transwell culture systemTranswell culture system
SDF-1
SDF-1 :SDF-1 : Homing factorHoming factor
EPCsEPCs
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The assay of migration activity of EPCs under The assay of migration activity of EPCs under hypoxiahypoxia in Vitroin Vitro
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The Hypoxia inducible pathwayThe Hypoxia inducible pathway
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Analyses of gene expression in EPCs under Analyses of gene expression in EPCs under hypoxiahypoxia In VitroIn Vitro
VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factorVEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor
KDR : VEGF receptor 2KDR : VEGF receptor 2
Flt-1: VEGF receptor 1Flt-1: VEGF receptor 1
CXCR4: SDF-1 receptorCXCR4: SDF-1 receptor
Glut-1: Glucose transporter-1 Glut-1: Glucose transporter-1
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The Hypoxia inducible pathwayThe Hypoxia inducible pathway
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Protein expression in HIF-1α & 2α underProtein expression in HIF-1α & 2α under hypoxia hypoxia In VitroIn Vitro
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ConclusionConclusion
Alde-High EPCsAlde-High EPCs Alde-Low EPCsAlde-Low EPCs
Growth rateGrowth rate
Tube numbers formationTube numbers formation
Under Under hypoxiahypoxia
FasterFasterLowerLower
LessLessMoreMore
Hypoxia-inducible geneHypoxia-inducible gene &&
protein expressionprotein expressionMoreMoreLessLess
Migration cell numbersMigration cell numbers
V.S.V.S.
MoreMoreLessLess
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The functional assay for neovascularization of EPCs The functional assay for neovascularization of EPCs in vivoin vivo
2X3 cm2X3 cm
Flap ischemia mice modelFlap ischemia mice model
Tail veinTail vein
A murine stem cell virus A murine stem cell virus (MSCV)–internal ribosomal (MSCV)–internal ribosomal entry site–enhanced entry site–enhanced GFP GFP
EPCsEPCs
7 days7 daysIschemia Ischemia recovery recovery
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The effect of EPCs in neovascularization The effect of EPCs in neovascularization in vivoin vivo
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Newly formed vesselsNewly formed vessels
Tracking the Alde-Low EPCs location in the ischemia tissueTracking the Alde-Low EPCs location in the ischemia tissue
TRITC-Lectin: TRITC-Lectin: glycoprotein binding glycoprotein binding proteinprotein
NeovascularizationNeovascularization
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Dorsal ischemia skinDorsal ischemia skinRe-endothelializationRe-endothelialization
Tracking the Alde-Low EPCs location in the ischemia tissueTracking the Alde-Low EPCs location in the ischemia tissue
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ConclusionConclusion
A novel method for isolating EPCs from UCB by a combination of negative A novel method for isolating EPCs from UCB by a combination of negative
immunoselection and cell culture techniques.immunoselection and cell culture techniques.
ALDH activity may serve as an excellent marker for isolating EPCs from ALDH activity may serve as an excellent marker for isolating EPCs from
UCB for clinical cell therapy.UCB for clinical cell therapy.
Alde-Low EPCs possess a greater ability to proliferate and migrate compared Alde-Low EPCs possess a greater ability to proliferate and migrate compared
to those with Alde-High EPCs .to those with Alde-High EPCs .
Introduction of Alde-Low EPCs may be a potential strategy for inducing rapid Introduction of Alde-Low EPCs may be a potential strategy for inducing rapid
neovascularization and regeneration of ischemic tissues.neovascularization and regeneration of ischemic tissues.