Author Pays Open Access at Oxford Journals Fiona Bennett Director, UK Business Development & Rights...
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Transcript of Author Pays Open Access at Oxford Journals Fiona Bennett Director, UK Business Development & Rights...
Author Pays Open Access at Oxford Journals
Fiona Bennett
Director, UK Business Development & Rights
20 June 2008, UCL SILS visit
• Oxford University Press and Oxford Journals – Intro
• Open Access – Definition, Oxford Journals approach?
• Oxford Open • Nucleic Acids Research• Hybrid model
• Concluding comments/Next Steps
• Q&A
Summary of presentation
OUP and Oxford Journals
Is a department of the University of Oxford
Established in 1478
Oldest, largest and most international university press in the world
Publish more than 4,500 new books a year
A presence in more than 50 countries
Employs more than 4000 people worldwide
Oxford Journals – relatively new division
Publishes approximately 211 academic and practitioner journals
Two-thirds of the journals published in partnership with learned societies
Open Access: Our Approach
Central remit to maximise dissemination of research information
BUT:
- to also maintain the highest standards of quality and integrity
- Exploration of new publishing models sits comfortably with this goal
- opportunity to share findings and experiences with wider community
- wider benefit to scholarly communication
Why?
Experiments are designed to discover whether open access models can really achieve wider, more cost effective dissemination than subscription-based models
Need to determine whether open access models are financially viable if they are to be widely adopted in a successful way
Need to collect valuable primary evidence for analysis to inform future decisions
Need to experiment responsibly, protecting quality and brands of journals and interests of learned society partners
Open access in this context
• ‘Gold’ open access
•Free online access to journal version immediately upon publication
•All free to reuse content for non-commercial purposes
•Aim to fund model through author charges
• [not covered here: our policies on author self archiving, free back archives etc.]
Oxford Open
Launched early 2005 – the OA brand for Oxford Journals
A full OA model for Nucleic Acids Research
An optional OA model for approx 64 journals [and growing]: £1500 or £800 author charge depending on whether from institution with membership
Fully OA (sponsored) model for eCAM initially although now hybrid
Full OA model for DNA Research
Model utilises a mixture of funding sources: publication charges, subscriptions, advertising, secondary rights etc
Nucleic Acids Research
Background
2008: Volume 36; 24 issues a year
~1200 articles pa
Impact Factor 2008 6.954 (up from 6.317 in previous year)
One of the largest and most successful Oxford-owned titles 2004: ~1500 regular institutional subscriptions and 2500 extra
sites accessing the journal via consortia and developing countries program
Nucleic Acids Research – When and Why OA?
2004: Database issue available OA
March-April 2004: large-scale survey of NAR authors and reviewers
1052 respondents – 14% response rate
majority supported a move to full OA partially funded by author publication charges
discussions with the librarian community – expressed support
primary aim of NAR model: maintain revenue levels of the journal through combination of author and institutional payments
NAR’s author open access charges
Year Non-member Member
2005 £900/$1500 £300/$500
2006 £1000/$1900 £500/$950
2007 £1250/$2370 £625/$1185
2008 £1370/$2670 £685/$1335
Institutional membership of NAR. This secures substantially discounted publication charges for Corresponding authors based at the member institution (see below). Membership for 2008 is £2090 / $4180 / €3135.
In 2007, >93% were paying the appropriate charge
17%: member form
83%: non-member form
NAR actual open access charge payments
Period % Requesting waiver
% Paying appropriate charge
% Accessing member form
% Accessing non-member form
2005 ~8% (inc. 3% funded by JISC)
92% 71% 29%
2006 7% 93% 37% 63%
2007 est.
6% 94% 23% 77%
NAR success indicators: submission trends
Approximate no. NAR submissions received 2002–2007
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 est
Year
No
. su
bm
issi
on
s
The Business Model – additional features
•Simultaneous publication in PubMed Central and PMC International Archives eg UKPMC
• unlimited reuse for research and education purposes: Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Use Licence including machine readable element
• Nucleic Acids Research, 2007, Vol. 35, No. 8 2533-2543© 2007 The Author(s) This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
• authors retain copyright (as for majority of Oxford Journals)
• unrestricted self-archiving rights – compliant with Wellcome, NIH, ARC etc
Progress Report - NAR
Approximately 94% of authors agreeing to pay appropriate charges in 2007
Good take-up of institutional membership option – approx 23% of authors getting the member discounts
Print subscriptions have higher than average attrition rate, but not as steeply as anticipated
Strong performance of other revenue streams to date: reprints, licensing etc
NAR success indicators: revenue by type
20062004
Author chargesInstitutional membershipsPrint subscriptionsOther 47%
83% 7%
39%
7%8%9%
Progress Report: Research
3 Key Areas of Research
Author/Reader Study for Nucleic Acids Research
LISU Evaluation of Open Access Experiment impact on citations and usage
CIBER weblog analysis of Nucleic Acids Research
http://www.oxfordjournals.org/news/oa_report.pdf
NAR Author/Reader Survey
April 2006
Survey sent to 13,000 people via online submission and peer review database
1144 responses (9%)
AIM: gain a better understanding of the impact of the move to full OA on authors and readers
focus on subset of responses (293/25%) who had published one paper as main/corresponding author in 2005
Highly representative subset 92% of subset gave NAR satisfaction rating of 4 or 5
Do NAR authors want OA?
Author perceptions of NAR (Q8) Mean score (1 = strongly agree)(respondent subset – 2005: 1 paper: main author)
2.2
2.06
1.94
1.88
1.84
1.76
1.7
1.62
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Unrestricted re-use of my article after publication is important tome
I perceive the readership of an open access journal to be largerthan a subscription-access journal
The journal has a well respected editorial team
The journal provides high quality peer review
The principle of free access for all is important to me
The journal's impact factor is attractive
NAR is prestigious in my field
The journal provides rapid publication
NAR Survey Results
Would you have published your paper(s) in NAR if it had not offered open access?
Response %
Yes 79%
No 7%
Don’t know 14%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Posted it on mypersonal web page
Posted it on mydepartment's web site
Deposited it in anelectronic institutional
repository
Deposited it in anelectronic subject-based repository
2005 2006
NAR: Author Archiving - Accepted Manuscripts
NAR Survey Results
Percentage
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Posted it on my personalweb page
Posted it on mydepartment's web site
Deposited it in anelectronic institutional
repository
Deposited it in anelectronic subject-based
repository
2005 2006
Do authors want OA?
Percentage
NAR: Author Archiving – Final Published Form
CIBER Research
AIM: determine the impact of going open access on the use and users of Nucleic Acids Research
Were there any increases or changes in usage patterns as a result? Did the content start to reach the kinds of people that OA aspires
to reach?
OA considered in context of other agents that drive use Search engines, ‘big deal,’ robots etc
Wanted to develop a methodology – web log analysis, that enabled accurate measurement of the relative impact of the key drivers
Surveyed period of 2003, 2004 and 2005 (six months)
1.5m separate IP numbers, 7.m search sessions, 13.5m unique items
NAR: Daily article views for 2003-2005
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Does OA increase usage?
Source: Ciber study, 2006
CIBER Research – key findings
Strong and robust evidence of the impact of search engines
The impact of OA on the journal should not be looked at too narrowly
OA contributed to an additional increase in usage of 7-8%
Marked switch of use from abstracts to full-text
Brought in new users to the journal e.g. from Eastern bloc, students
OA and other access initiatives will lead in the longer run to a usage pattern which is much more seasonal and volatile
NAR: the future
• Assuming print subscriptions continue to fall (or will they plateau?) will need further increase in author charges.
• Success depends on authors being willing and able to pay, and on funders making money available.
• Continue to gather author feedback (care: don’t always do what they say they will)
• NAR must remain attractive to authors in many ways
• First ~20 journals launched in July 2005
• Now 64 journals participating across a range of disciplines
• Current optional charges:
•£1500 full price
•£800 for authors at subscribing institutions
Oxford Open – optional open access
Are authors choosing to pay for open access?
Oxford Open uptake in 2006
Subject Area No. of Journals
Papers Published
OA Papers
% Uptake
Medicine 22 3945 180 5.3
Life Sciences 17 3050 321 7.6
Social Sciences & Humanities
12 405 6 1.1
Mathematics 3 304 5 1.8
Total 54 7704 512 6.6
Case study: Bioinformatics optional open access
Bioinformatics
• Volume 23 in 2007; 24 issues/~600 articles pa
• 2006 impact factor of 4.894
• A booming area with open access a hot topic
• In 2004 survey, 44% of authors said they would
choose to pay ~£900 for optional open access
• Introduced optional open access in July 2005:
•Regular articles – £1500 full price; £800
subscribers
•Shorter Application Notes – £750 full;
£400 subscribers
Bioinformatics actual uptake trends
Period No. papers Published
% Open Access Papers
Jan–Dec 2006 575 21%
Jan–Jun 2007 309 23%
• Of the 120 Bioinformatics papers published open access in 2006:• 54% were regular articles; 46% were Application Notes• 87% paid the subscribing institution rate (£400–800); 13% paid
the full rate (£750–1500)
Optional Oxford Open: what next?
• In 2008, online subscription prices for 28 optional journals are being adjusted to reflect change in open access pages between 2005 and 2006.
• Will we lose subscriptions because of open access option? It’s too early to tell.
• Open access charges are currently the same for all optional journals – revenue modelling underway to gauge need for different rates to reflect individual journal revenues and uptake
• We must consider the potential impact on high quality submissions if we did not offer open access option
• Are carrying out some similar research into the usage of the hybrid content with CIBER – results due to be published soon
Further Information
Description of Oxford Journals OA models, FAQ’s and titles participating
www.oxfordjournals.org/oxfordopen/
Report of one-day conference presenting results of Oxford OA experiments
www.oxfordjournals.org/news/oa_report.pdf
CIBER/UCL Centre for Publishing
www.publishing.ucl.ac.uk/research.html
LISU
www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/dils/lisu/index.html
For further information, please contact
Fiona BennettDirector, UK Business Development & Rights
Tel: +44 (0) 1865 353755
Email: [email protected]