Author IndexAbastado, Jean-Pierre, 130Achour, Adnane, 19Adler, Guido, 559Adler, Heiko, 438Ager, Ann, 198Aghai, Zubai, 601Alem, Farhang, 464Altman, John D., 350Altork, Susan R., 350Alvarez, Susana, 530Alves-Filho, Jose C., 609Amendoeira, Fabio C., 590Ames, Erik, 163Arnold, Roland R., 492Artlett, Carol M., 350Asano, Koichiro, 541Avril, Marie-Francoise, 130Axthelm, Michael K., 269

Bachmann, Martin F., 230Baltimore, David, 5Barao, Isabel, 163Barber, Amorette, 72Bartczak, Agata, 249Bassett, Garrett, 34Bauer, Stefan, 438Baugh, John A., 601Bazzy-Asaad, Alia, 601Beertsen, Wouter, 475Bell, J. Jeremiah, 179Benedict, Chris A., 238BenMohamed, Lbachir, 426Best, Al M., 281Bettahi, Ilham, 426Bhandari, Vineet, 601Bitmansour, Arlene D., 269Blanco, Almudena, 530Blank, Christian, 335Bopp, Tobias, 146Boppana, Ramanamurthy, 79Borenstein, Todd, 89Borrego, Francisco, 409Brandt, Vicky L., 3Braughton, Kevin R., 500Brem-Exner, Beate G., 335Bristow, Cynthia L., 492Brown, Charles R., 350Bucala, Richard J., 601Buckler, Jodi L., 34Bunting, Michaeline, 590Burgess, Steven J., 409Burns, James M., Jr., 444Buus, Søren, 426Buxhoeveden, Nicole, 89Byrnes-Blake, Kelly, 580

Can, Ismail, 207Cantor, Harvey, 25Cao, Rongyue, 58Carragher, Damian M., 454Casanova, Jean-Laurent, 647Castro-Faria-Neto, Hugo C., 590Catron, Drew M., 156Cattral, Mark, 249Cazalis, Marie-Angelique, 655Center, David M., 402Chakravarty, Sumana, 64Chappert, Pascal, 327Chen, Jianzhu, 171Chen, Qingmei, 58Chen, Xinrong, 138Chentoufi, Aziz Alami, 426

Chilton, Paula M., 49Chimini, Giovanna, 300Choi, Yongwon, 34Chong, Anita S., 261Chrabieh, Maya, 647Christ, Julia, 418Clark, David A., 249Cockburn, Ian A., 64Cohn, Lauren, 522Colarusso, Pina, 510Coligan, John E., 409Cording, Sascha, 146Cruikshank, William W., 402Cunha, Fernando Q., 609Curtis, Jeffrey L., 483Cvoro, Aleksandra, 630Cybulsky, Myron I., 249

Dai, Hehua, 113Dai, Zhenhua, 113Dalheimer, Stacy L., 156Dal-Secco, Daniela, 609Dang, Yongjun, 222Danos, Olivier, 327Dasgupta, Gargi, 426Dauner, Joseph G., 291Davoust, Jean M., 327DeLeo, Frank R., 500de Oliveira Nascimento, DanielleDe Trez, Carl, 238Dewhurst, Stephen, 300Diao, Jun, 249Diken, Mustafa, 309DiLillo, David J., 361Di Meo, Fernando, 492Ding, Jin Wen, 261Ding, Qiang, 637Divekar, Rohit D., 179Do, Duc H., 350Donnelly, Seamas C., 601Douek, Daniel C., 269Downey, Greg, 249Droin, Nathalie, 238Dzuira, James D., 601

Edgar, John B., 269Eisen, Herman N., 171Elias, Jack A., 522Elliott, James I., 300Ellis, Jason S., 179Ellsworth, Jeff L., 580El Shikh, Mohey Eldin, 281Enelow, Richard I., 25Engel, Renate, 391Engelhard, Victor H., 130Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, 475Esplin, Brandt L., 138Everts, Vincent, 475

Fan, Juan, 601Fandrich, Fred, 335Farber, Joshua M., 214Farkas, Stefan, 335Ferreira, Sergio H., 609Finkelman, Fred D., 44Fojo, Antonio Tito, 89Foley, Jason, 89Foley, John F., 214Fowler, Daniel H., 89Franklin, Aaron, 492Freitas, Andressa, 609Frenzel, Christian, 30

Fresno, Manuel, 530Frutuoso, Valber S., 590Fu, Yang-Xin, 238Fugier-Vivier, Isabelle J., 49Fukunaga, Koichi, 541Fulton, James, 238Furukawa, Koichi, 39

Galle, Peter R., 30Gallimore, Awen, 198Gao, Ji-Liang, 569Garcette, Marylene, 130Garcıa-Sastre, Adolfo, 64, 171Garrett, Karla P., 138Gause, William C., 464Ge, Qing, 171Geissler, Edward K., 335Gendrel, Dominique, 647Goldwich, Andreas, 372Gommerman, Jennifer, 249Gonzalez-Begne, Mireya, 300Gorczynski, Reginald R., 249Grabowski, Margarete, 391Gracely, Edward J., 350Graff-Dubois, Stephanie, 130Graffmann, Nina, 418Grant, David, 249Grespan, Renata, 609Gross, David-Alexandre, 327Grusby, Michael J., 522Guggemoos, Simone, 438Guillaume, Philippe, 391Guillet, Jean-Gerard, 130Guloglu, F. Betul, 179Gupta, Shalini, 79Gupta, Sonal, 106

Ha, Suk-won, 238Haas, Karen M., 361Hahn, Sabine S. C., 372Hallett, William H. D., 163Hamacher, Nels, 580Hamaguchi, Yasuhito, 361Hamann, Alf, 146Hamed, Hossein, 464Hamm, Svetlana, 438Han, Soo, 89Hangel, Doris, 438Hannah, Jeffrey R., 34Hanson, Joshua T., 89Harder, Brandon, 580Harris, Estelle S., 590Harris, Heather A., 630Hartson, Louise, 454He, Wei, 249Hedrick, Michael N., 214Heit, Antje, 438Higgins, Christopher F., 300Hillsamer, Peter, 122Hirai, Hiroyuki, 541Hirata, Koichi, 39Hiroi, Takachika, 319Hitomi, Kaori, 207Hoeman, Christine M., 179Homer, Robert, 25, 522Honda, Shin-ichiro, 207Hu, Buqu, 522Huang, Yiming, 49Huang, Zhaofeng, 106Huber, Christoph, 309, 391Hudig, Dorothy, 163Huehn, Jochen, 146

Copyright © 2007 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. 0022-1767/07/$02.00

Hulliger, Sara, 510Hutchens, Martha, 483Hutchinson, James A., 335

Ikeda, Eiji, 541Ildstad, Suzanne T., 49Inoue, Seiichiro, 335Intan, Ratna S., 391Ishida, Yuko, 569Ishizaka, Akitoshi, 541

Jacob, Joshy, 291Jain, Renu, 179Jakus, Zoltan, 618Javadi, Mojib, 249Jenkins, Marc K., 156Jin, Liang, 58Jordan, Kimberly R., 188Jouanguy, Emmanuelle, 647Jung, Unsu, 89

Kagawa, Shizuko, 541Kagyo, Junko, 541Kaminuma, Osamu, 319Kampgen, Eckhart, 372Kanai, Takanori, 383Kantardzic, Nermina, 89Kappler, John W., 188Kato, Masashi, 130Katsetos, Christos D., 350Katsikis, Peter D., 350Kaufman, Howard L., 550Kawai, Toshihisa, 609Kearney, John F., 230Kedl, Ross M., 188Kelsoe, Garnett, 361Kettunen, Mika, 601Kevill, Katharine A., 601Kim, Chang H., 122Kim, Gregory G., 34Kim, Taesoo, 34Kincade, Paul W., 138King, Carolyn G., 34Kitamura, Fujiko, 319Kitamura, Noriko, 319Knechtle, Stuart J., 335Kobayashi, Takashi, 34Koehl, Gudrun E., 335Koscik, Cheryl, 249Kozlowski, Mark T., 492Kreiswirth, Barry N., 500Kreiter, Sebastian, 309Kronenberg, Katharina, 335Kuball, Jurgen, 391Kubes, Paul, 510Kurita, Naoki, 207Kusser, Kim, 454

Lamberth, Kasper, 426Lantry, Megan, 580Lauer, Uta, 146Leboeuf, Marylene, 327Lee, Hyun-Hee, 179Lee, Jeeho, 122Legido, Agustin, 350Leithauser, Frank, 559Leitman, Dale C., 630Leng, Lin, 601Lengagne, Renee, 130Levy, Gary, 249Lewis, Katherine E., 580Lewis, Kenneth B., 580Lewis, Mark G., 350Li, Jianping, 58Li, Taiming, 58Liblau, Roland, 327Lim, Hyung W., 122Lin, Hongxia, 464

Liu, Hao, 249Liu, Jingjing, 58Liu, Jun O., 222Liu, Ming Feng, 249Liu, Qian, 464Liu, Wei, 522Liu, Zhugong, 464Ljunggren, Hans-Gustaf, 19Lohse, Ansgar W., 30Longhi, M. Paula, 198Lorenzo, Lazaro, 647Lorrot, Mathie, 647Lukacs, Nicholas W., 483Luker, Gary D., 483Luker, Kathryn E., 483Lund, Frances E., 454Lutz, Manfred B., 372

Ma, Lianli, 261Maknojia, Asif, 249Mamani-Matsuda, Maria, 647Manicassamy, Santhakumar, 106Manuel, Justin, 249Mariotti, Jacopo, 89Marusina, Alina I., 409Matsumoto, Yukie, 39Matsuoka, Mitsuo, 25Matthay, Michael A., 637Maurer, Mark, 580McCarthy, Doug, 249McDonald, Courtney L., 601McIntyre, Thomas M., 590McMahan, Rachel H., 188Meier, Stefanie, 372Melvin, James E., 300Mestriner, Fabiola L., 609Miossec, Pierre, 655Miossec, Vincent, 655Mishra, Gyan C., 79Misra, Ravi S., 454Mitra, Debashis, 79Miyasho, Taku, 541Miyatake, Shoichiro, 319Miyawaki, Atsushi, 319Miyazaki, Yasunari, 590Miyoshi, Hiroyuki, 319Mizue, Yuka, 601Mocsai, Attila, 618Mohebbi, Amir, 426Molkentin, Jeffery D., 106Mong, Phyllus Y., 550Moore, Bethany B., 637Moore, Yolonda, 113Moquin, Amy, 454Motarjemi, Milad, 163Mueller, Daniel L., 156Mueller, Yvonne M., 350Munoz-Fernandez, Marıa Angeles, 530Murphy, Kenneth M., 238Murphy, Philip M., 569Murphy, Theresa, 238Murphy, William J., 163

Nagata, Kinya, 541Nakahashi-Oda, Chigusa, 207Nakajima, Takeshi, 541Nakamura, Masataka, 541Nakano, Takako, 207Napimoga, Marcelo H., 609Nemeth, Tamas, 618Nemoto, Yasuhiro, 383Nesburn, Anthony B., 426Neurath, Markus F., 30Nguyen, Alex, 426Niess, Jan Hendrik, 559Niimi, Kyoko, 541Norman, M. Ursula, 510Norris, Paula S., 238

Nunez, Gabriel, 483

O’Connor, Christine L., 601Oettinger, Marjorie A., 5Oguma, Tsuyoshi, 541Oh, Jason Z., 188Oh, Sun-Young, 522Okamoto, Ryuichi, 383Olman, Mitchell A., 637Orekov, Tatyana, 44Osterloh, Phillip, 309Otto, Michael, 500Overstreet, Michael G., 64

Pachot, Alexandre, 655Palazzolo-Ballance, Amy M., 500Pardoll, Drew M., 188Pathmanathan, Ishani, 409Pearce, Erika L., 34Pei, Yuan, 222Pesce, John T., 464Peters-Golden, Marc, 637Petritus, Patricia M., 444Petrulio, Christian, 550Pfeffer, Klaus, 238Phelan, James D., 44Phillips, M. James, 249Picard, Capucine, 647Picker, Louis J., 269Pipeling, Matthew R., 188Podschun, Rainer, 475Pons, Charlotte, 647Potter, Karen, 238Prescott, Stephen M., 590Prevost-Blondel, Armelle, 130Price, David A., 269Puel, Anne, 647

Rameau, Philippe, 327Randall, Troy D., 454Rangel-Moreno, Javier, 454Ratajczak, Mariusz Z., 49Reimann, Jorg, 559Rene, Shirley, 580Renia, Laurent, 130Reniere, Michelle L., 500Reyes-Mugica, Miguel, 601Rezzoug, Francine, 49Richards, Hannah, 198Romero, Pedro, 391Roth, David B., 3

Saftig, Paul, 475Saha, Bhaskar, 79Sahin, Ugur, 309Sakamoto, Naoya, 383Santourlidis, Simeon, 418Sattler, Christine, 335Sayama, Koichi, 541Sayers, Thomas J., 163Schanie, Carrie L., 49Schatz, David G., 5Schild, Hansjorg, 309Schlitt, Hans J., 335Schmitt, Edgar, 146Schneider, Kirsten, 238Schreiber, Sandra, 372Schroder, Bernd, 475Schubert, Ulrich, 372Schuchmann, Marcus, 30Sebastian, Martin, 309Selmi, Abderraouf, 309Sentman, Charles L., 72Shalev, Itay, 249Shang, Weirong, 106Shanker, Anil, 163Shen, Ching-Hung, 171Shen, Jikun, 261

667AUTHOR INDEX

Shibuya, Akira, 207Shibuya, Kazuko, 207Shiomi, Tetsuya, 541Shiraishi, Yoshiki, 541Siebler, Juergen, 30Siewert, Christiane, 146Singh, Satya P., 214Skaar, Eric P., 500Slansky, Jill E., 188Sonstein, Joanne, 483Sottile, Peter, 483Souto, Fabrıcio O., 609Stafforini, Diana M., 590Stockholm, Daniel, 327Sturdevant, Daniel E., 500Sugita, Masahiko, 39Sukumar, Selvakumar, 281Sun, Yunxiao, 58Sun, Zuoming, 106Suzuki, Yusuke, 541Szakal, Andras K., 281

Tahara-Hanaoka, Satoko, 207Takihara, Takahisa, 541Talay, Oezcan, 171Tamang, David L., 163Tanner, Michael K., 49Tartar, Danielle M., 179Tatomer, Deirdre, 630Taylor, Simon R. J., 300Tedder, Thomas F., 361Tee, Meng-Kian, 630Telford, William, 89Tew, John G., 281Theobald, Matthias, 391Toh, Myew-Ling, 655Tomita, Takayuki, 383Totsuka, Teruji, 383Tournadre, Anne, 655Trepel, Jane B., 89Trucy, Maylis, 492Tsuchiya, Kiichiro, 383Tureci, Ozlem, 309Turka, Laurence A., 34

Tuzova, Marina, 402

Uchida, Junji, 361Ueda, Soichiro, 541Ueda, Yoshihiro, 361Uhrberg, Markus, 418Underwood, Sara, 580Urban, Joseph F., Jr., 464

Van Kaer, Luc, 39Verbeek, J. Sjef, 261, 618Vieira, Silvio M., 609Vieira-de-Abreu, Adriana, 590Villinger, Francois, 350Visich, Jennifer, 580Voss, Ralf-Holger, 391

Waggie, Kimberly S., 580Wagner, Claudia S., 19Wagner, Ralf, 372Wakaki, Misa, 541Walker, Joshua M., 269Wan, Bo, 222Wan, Ni, 113Wang, Qin, 550Wang, Tao, 113Wang, Yu, 58Ware, Carl F., 238Ware, Lorraine B., 637Watanabe, Mamoru, 383Webb, Carol F., 138Wechsler, Steven L., 426Welner, Robert S., 138Weyrich, Andrew S., 590White, Kimberly E., 637Whitmire, Jeanette, 464Willemsen, Ralph A., 391Willenborg, Marion, 475Williams, Ifor R., 291Winston, Ronald, 492Winter, Erin, 249Wirtz, Stefan, 30Wolkowicz, Roland, 492

Won, Woong-Jai, 230Wong, Elaine, 89Wong, Kit Man, 249Wright, Kate, 198Wu, Jiaxue, 222Wu, Jie, 58Wu, Michelle, 426Wu, Yongzhong, 281Wysoczynski, Marcin, 49

Xiao, Zhi-Xiong J., 402Xiong, Qiyan, 58

Yang, Kaiyong, 361Yang, Xianmei, 222Yarke, Cory A., 156Yi, Qing, 222Yin, Dengping, 261Yu, Long, 222Yu, Ping, 179Yuki, Nobuhiro, 39

Zaghouani, Habib, 179Zavala, Fidel, 64Zeng, Huasong, 261Zhang, Hongwei H., 214Zhang, Li, 249Zhang, Na, 156Zhang, Tong, 72Zhang, Xiuli, 426Zhang, Yujun, 402Zheng, Tao, 522Zheng, Xin Xiao, 113Zhou, Jing, 25Zhou, Tingting, 261Zhou, Yuan, 655Zhu, Aihua, 58Zhu, Ping, 222Zhu, Xiaoming, 426Zhu, Zhou, 522Zimmerman, Guy A., 590Zirogianni, Angelika, 475Zogovic, Tatjana, 630Zrioual, Saloua, 655

668 AUTHOR INDEX

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670

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The Deputy Editor considers the comments made by the review-ers and the recommendation of the Section Editor, selects thosecomments to be shared with the authors, makes a final decisionconcerning the manuscript, and prepares the decision letter forsignature by the Editor-in-Chief. If revisions of the manuscript aresuggested, the Deputy Editor also recommends who should reviewthe revised paper when resubmitted. Authors are informed of thedecision by e-mail; appropriate comments from reviewers and ed-itors are appended.

Decisions: There are four categories for initial decisions: accept,accept with minor revision, return for revision, and reject. Somemanuscripts are accepted provisionally, pending relatively minorrevisions. In this case, the Deputy Editor may conduct the re-review. For many manuscripts, authors are invited to resubmit ifrevision or additional experimentation can address major criti-cisms. Typically, one or more reviewers will then be asked to

consider the adequacy of the revisions. Cutting Edge papers areallowed only minor revisions because of time constraints. All re-vised manuscripts are carefully reexamined, and ultimate accept-ability is not guaranteed. The JI does not provide for an advancedetermination of the acceptability of a particular manuscript forpublication, nor does it promise expedited review of selectedmanuscripts.

Communication with Authors: To minimize the possibility ofmisinterpretation or errors in verbal communication, the EditorialOffice will provide information, in writing, only to the correspond-ing author and will not provide extensive details (e.g., exact statusof a review or a predicted time to final decision). Deputy Editorsdo not take calls from authors concerning decisions or other relatedmatters. All such inquiries should be addressed in writing to theEditor-in-Chief, who will discuss concerns with the Deputy Editor.This policy has been established to provide for uniformity andfairness in addressing concerns about the review process.

Rebuttals: If the authors believe that a serious scientific erroroccurred during the review, a letter of rebuttal may be sent to theEditor-in-Chief, explaining the reasons why the decision should bereconsidered. When appropriate, the matter will be taken up withthe initial Deputy Editor, Section Editor, or additional reviewers.Rebuttals that challenge rejections that were based on priorityalone are rarely successful, since the assignment of priority is nec-essarily a matter of opinion. If the authors of a rejected manuscriptare able to make new advances that go far beyond the originalsubmission, they will often expedite consideration of their paperthrough the submission of a completely new manuscript.

The JI ReviewersSelection: Selection of reviewers is the responsibility of the Sec-

tion Editor, although the Science Coordinator makes recommen-dations to the Section Editor from a list of individuals who havereviewed manuscripts previously. This database includes self-iden-tified areas of expertise as well as information about the perceivedusefulness and timeliness of past reviews. Individuals who consis-tently have provided tardy or unhelpful reviews are removed fromthe database. Every effort is made to avoid both real and apparentconflicts of interest with respect to research activities or collabo-rative or personal interactions. Reviewers are asked to withdrawfrom considering any manuscript in which they identify a conflictthat has escaped the attention of the Section Editor.

Scientific Integrity: Information contained in manuscripts is con-sidered confidential and should not be shared or distributed. Ifnecessary, a reviewer can consult with others for an adequate eval-uation of the research findings if all individuals involved maintainconfidentiality, objectivity, and avoid conflict of interest. AAI isnot responsible for acts and conduct by reviewers that are not inaccordance with accepted professional standards. Reviewers areasked to be objective in their evaluations and to judge primarily thenovelty and soundness of the information presented.

Anonymity: Although reviews are anonymous, all commentsshould be capable of withstanding public scrutiny. Except in veryunusual circumstances, the identity of the reviewers and Sectionand Deputy Editors involved in the review of any given manuscriptis kept confidential.

The JI Editorial Board: The AAI Council, upon recommenda-tion of the Publications Committee, appoints the Editor-in-Chieffor a term of five years. Deputy Editors, Section Editors, and As-sociate Editors are nominated by the Editor-in-Chief and appointedby the Publications Committee. Deputy Editors are appointed forvariable terms. Section Editors and Associate Editors are ap-pointed for one renewable term of two years in most circum-stances. The Editor-in-Chief, the Deputy Editors, and the Section

671The Journal of Immunology

Editors constitute the Editorial Board and as such are required tobe members of AAI. The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for thespecific editorial conduct of The JI. The AAI Publications Com-mittee is responsible for the management and evaluation of The JIand any other official publications of AAI, subject to the generalsupervision of the AAI Council.

Manuscripts Submitted from the Institution of an Editor:Manuscripts submitted from the institution of any Section or Dep-uty Editor or the Editor-in-Chief are reviewed by other editorsfrom outside that institution. The Editorial Office ensures confi-dentiality and equity in reviewing all manuscripts.

ONLINE SUBMISSION

Submit online at ji.msubmit.net. Individual manuscript, figure,and table files must be uploaded to the system. The system thencreates a single PDF for review purposes. Authors should savecopies for themselves of all the files in their original formats. Seethe Figures section (www.jimmunol.org/misc/authorfulllength.shtml#figures) for help with preparing digital art. The JI’s onlinesubmission system requires browsers where Cookies andJavascript are enabled.

After the manuscript has been checked by journal staff, the Cor-responding Author will receive an e-mail acknowledging receipt ofthe manuscript. The e-mail contains links to the Submission Formand Color Charges Form (if applicable). The Corresponding Au-thor must download, sign, and fax these forms to 301-634-7831 tocomplete the submission. The manuscript will not be sent forreview until The JI Editorial Office receives these forms signed bythe Corresponding Author. Please contact infoji@aai.org if you donot receive the acknowledgment e-mail. Please do NOT use thehard copy forms found in old copies of the printed journal.

PUBLICATION FEES

All publication fees are payable in U.S. dollars. Acceptedmanuscripts are published only upon commitment by the au-thor(s) or institutional financial officer to pay these charges.

Submission Fee: If the corresponding author is not an AAI*member, a fee of $50 per manuscript must be paid by credit card(American Express, MasterCard, or Visa) during the submissionprocess. If payment by credit card is impossible, please contactinfoji@aai.org to arrange payment by check (drawn on a U.S.bank). We do not accept cash or purchase orders. *There is noprocessing fee for regular, emeritus, or honorary AAI members ingood standing.

Page Charges:● $60 per page for up to 8 printed pages in the article.● $150 for each additional page from 9 to 12 pages.● $210 for each additional page over 12 pages.Color Charges: Color figures may include multiple color pan-

els. Authors will be notified of the cost of color reproduction on theReprint Form received with their electronic page proofs and mustconfirm acceptance of the charges in writing. Authors should ex-pect that color figures in the accepted paper will be reproduced incolor and will incur color charges. Note that AAI members re-ceive a significant discount on color charges.

● Non-AAI Members: $850 for each color page, and $300 foreach additional color figure on the same color page for cor-responding authors who are not AAI members (i.e., first fig-ure on first page: $850; second figure on the first page: $300;first figure on second page: $850, etc.).

● AAI Members: $650 for each color page and $300 for eachadditional color figure on the same page for correspondingauthors who are regular, emeritus, or honorary AAI members

on the date of manuscript acceptance (i.e., first figure on firstpage: $650; second figure on the first page: $300; first figureon the second page: $650, etc.).

Online Posting Fee: $150 per published article.Reprints: Reprints must be ordered in advance of publication. A

Reprint Form showing the cost of reprints, together with an orderslip, is sent with the electronic page proofs. The invoice for re-prints will also include page charges and color figure charges. Re-print orders from noncontributors must be directed to the EditorialOffice. See www.jimmunol.org/pdf/reprintsform07.pdf for the Re-print Order Form.

MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION

General Guidelines: A 12-point serif font, preferably TimesNew Roman, is required. Do not use compressed type format.Double-space entire manuscript. The average length of full-lengtharticles is eight printed pages. Instructions for estimating theprinted length of a manuscript are included below. Each of thefollowing components should begin on a separate page:

1. The Title Page must include the full title; a running title (notto exceed 60 characters); each author’s full name (first name, mid-dle initial, last name); the affiliations of all authors and their in-stitutions, departments, or organizations (use the following sym-bols in this order: *, †, ‡, §, ¶, ||, #, **, ††, ‡‡, §§, ¶¶, || ||, ##); andthree to five keywords, selected from the Keywords list that de-scribe the topic of the manuscript. (Keywords are used in editorand reviewer assignments and are not published with the manu-script. Please note that the list of keywords does not represent anexhaustive view of what The JI considers important topics, but ithas been found useful for reviewer assignment purposes.)

2. The Abstract must be 250 words or less for full-length manu-scripts; 150 words or less for Cutting Edge. Reference citationsshould not be included in the Abstract. The species of animals orspecies of origin of cells used in the manuscript must be clearlystated in the Abstract.

3. The Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, andDiscussion sections should begin on separate pages. Do not com-bine the Results and Discussion sections for full-length papers.

4. If the manuscript contains human or animal studies, the Ma-terials and Methods section must state that the studies have beenreviewed and approved by an appropriate institutional review com-mittee.

5. Acknowledgments appear immediately after the Discussionand before References.

6. Grant support must not be included in the Acknowledgmentsbut should be cited as a footnote to the title.

7. Disclosures contain conflict of interest disclaimers. For moreinformation, see the Editorial Policies Regarding Manuscript Sub-mission.

8. References must be numbered as they appear in the text. Allauthors must be listed for each reference. If citations are includedin tables or in figure legends, they must be numbered according tothe position of citation of the table or figure in the text. Onlypublished papers and papers in press may be included in the Ref-erences. In press articles, i.e., papers not yet published, must besubmitted as online attachments in PDF format at the time of ar-ticle submission. NOTE: Do NOT submit as an attachment papersthat are already published, e.g., manuscripts published ahead ofprint. Such papers must be incorporated into the References andcited with the DOI numbers and the publication dates. Citations of“manuscripts in preparation,” “unpublished observations,” and“personal communications” must appear parenthetically in the

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text. Manuscripts “submitted for publication” (i.e., not yet ac-cepted) also are mentioned parenthetically in the text. Written ap-proval by the persons cited in personal communications must ac-company the manuscript unless they are also authors of themanuscript submitted to The JI.

Format for references:Periodicals: Wells, A. D., M. C. Walsh, D. Sankaran, and L. A.

Turka. 2000. T cell effector function and anergy avoidance arequantitatively linked to cell division. J. Immunol. 165: 2432–2443.

Books: McIntyre, T. M., and W. Strober. 1999. Gut-associatedlymphoid tissue: regulation of IgA B-cell development. In Muco-sal Immunology, 2nd ed. P. L. Ogra, J. Mestecky, E. Lamm, W.Strober, J. Bienenstock, and J. R. McGhee, eds. Academic Press,San Diego, CA. 319–356.

9. Footnotes should be used to designate the source of support,new or special abbreviations used, correspondence address, currentaddress, manuscripts submitted for publication, etc. Footnotesshould be numbered consecutively and will appear on the titlepage, but for submission are grouped together and placed on aseparate page between the References and the Figure Legends.

10. Abbreviations that may be used without definition are pro-vided in the Standard Abbreviations list. Spell out nonstandardabbreviations used less than three times. Nonstandard abbrevia-tions used three or more times must be defined in a footnote. Ab-breviations and their definitions must be consistent throughout thetext.

11. Figure legends must be numbered with Arabic numerals inorder of appearance in the text and should include a short title afterthe figure number. Where possible, symbols and patterns used todistinguish data should be defined in a key placed within thegraphic rather than in the figure legend.

12. Tables must be numbered with Roman numerals in order ofappearance in the text. Table legends are prepared as footnotes tothe table and are included with the table. Tables must be in DOCfile format. Each table should be submitted as a separate file.

13. Figures At initial submission, please submit low-resolutionfiles of the smallest possible size that will convey the needed in-formation. Smaller files can be downloaded more quickly by re-viewers and will hasten the review process.

At submission of a revised manuscript, high-resolution figuresthat meet the following specifications must be submitted. For moreinformation see the TIPS page on the online manuscript submis-sion home page (ji.msubmit.net).

● File Sizes: Figures should not exceed 10 MB (average size isabout 2 MB).

● Image Sizes: Figures should be submitted in final size(printed 1:1). Figures may be printed in one of two formats:single column (width from 3.37 to 8.23 cm or 20 picas) ordouble column (width from 12.65 to 17.1 cm or 42 picas).The single-column format is preferred. Unless the file is toolarge, multi-piece figures should be submitted as a single file.

● Text and Lines: Text in figures must be 6–8 points in size,except for single letter markers, which may be 12 points.Helvetica should be used for all figure text (except for the useof symbols). If Helvetica is not available, Times Roman maybe used. Line widths must be greater than one point thick orthey will not appear on the PDF version of the article.

● Numbering: Figures must be numbered as they appear in thetext.

● File Format: Figures should be in TIFF (better for halftoneart, e.g., blots, photographs) or EPS (better for line art ormonochrome art, i.e., anything that involves sharply delin-eated lines) format. PowerPoint files are not suitable quality,as their resolution is too low for print.

● Guidelines: For general guidelines for creating digital art, goto the Cadmus Digital Art website (art.cadmus.com/da/guidelines.jsp) or the Cadmus FAQ page (art.cadmus.com/da/faq.jsp). Topics included are:Resolution (dots per inch)Color requirementsCropping and sizingFont usageScanned imagesSupported applications

● Graphic Art Preflight: To avoid production delays due to un-acceptable digital art formats, authors of revised papers mustcheck in advance whether figures meet the standards requiredfor final print and online production. It is mandatory to useRapid Inspector (rapidinspector.cadmus.com/RapidInspector/zim/index.jsp), a tool that walks authors through the processto make needed corrections.

14. Cover art changes with each issue of The JI. Authors areencouraged to submit color figures with their manuscripts for pos-sible use as cover illustrations.

15. Estimation for printed pages: One printed page in The JIcontains approximately 8,000 characters, including spaces. Thus,an 8-page, full-length article would contain approximately 64,000characters. Each line in a table occupies about 60 characters for asingle-column table, and 120 characters for a double-column table.Figures occupy about 180 characters per centimeter height for sin-gle- column figures, and 360 characters for double-column figures.Determine the total character count for the text of your manuscriptand add the character-equivalents for the tables and figures. Thiswill provide a reasonable estimate for the printed length of a manu-script.

CUTTING EDGE MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION

Submit online at ji.msubmit.net. Individual manuscript, figure,and table files must be uploaded to the system. The system thencreates a single PDF for review purposes. Authors should savecopies for themselves of all the files in their original formats. Seethe Figures section for help with preparing digital art. Manuscriptssubmitted to the Cutting Edge section should conform to the In-formation for Authors for full-length manuscripts presented aboveas well as the additional guidelines below:

1. Cutting Edge articles, including figures and references,must fit within four journal pages. Authors should estimate thesize of figures and tables and limit the text accordingly. Oneprinted page in The JI contains approximately 8,000 charac-ters, including spaces. Thus, a 4-page Cutting Edge articlewould contain approximately 32,000 characters. The formulafor estimating the number of pages is provided in ManuscriptPreparation.

2. List the phone number, fax number, and e-mail address of thecorresponding author on the title page.

3. The Abstract is limited to 150 words.4. The Materials and Methods section may be sharply limited

but should be sufficient to allow the evaluation of results and con-clusions.

5. Authors may combine the Results and Discussion sections.

PREPARATION OF THE REVISED MANUSCRIPT

Submit the revised manuscript online at ji.msubmit.net.Follow The JI Editorial Office instructions contained in the pre-

vious decision letter carefully and thoroughly. A revised manu-script not returned within nine months of the date of the decision

673The Journal of Immunology

letter will be considered a new manuscript and subject to a new,complete review.

Individual manuscript files, files for each figure and table (evenif they are unchanged from the previous submission), and a point-by-point reply to all referee comments must be uploaded to thesystem. The revised manuscript text must be marked to showchanges, using highlighting or a colored font (Microsoft Word filespreferred). High-resolution figure files should be submitted. Fig-ures must be in TIFF or EPS format. Instructions for figures areavailable at the Cadmus Digital Art website (art.cadmus.com/da/index.jsp). Authors should retain for themselves copies of all thefiles in their original formats.

After the manuscript has been checked by journal staff, the Cor-responding Author will receive an e-mail acknowledging receipt ofthe revised manuscript. The e-mail contains links to the Submis-sion Form and Color Charges Form (if applicable). The Corre-sponding Author must download, sign, and fax these forms to 301-634-7831 to complete the submission of the revised manuscript.Your manuscript will not be sent for review until The JI EditorialOffice receives these forms signed by the Corresponding Author.Please contact infoji@aai.org if you do not receive the acknowl-edgment e-mail. Please do NOT use the hard copy forms found inold copies of the printed journal.

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND DEPOSITIONOF MATERIALS

Supplemental Data: All supplemental material accompanyingan article must be submitted with the original paper for peer re-view. When submitting online, upload the file when requested.Supplemental material should be limited to short videos (must beno longer than 30 seconds and under 10 MB, with no sound orvoice-over) or large tables, large sequence alignments, or largedata sets such as those obtained with microarray hybridization ex-periments. Such supplemental data must be larger than two printedjournal pages; smaller pieces of data should be incorporated intothe manuscript as regular figures/tables.

Videos must be 320 x 480 pixels or smaller for best viewingwithin a browser. Submit videos in MPG or QuickTime. ChangeQuickTime file extensions to “.mov” so that Web browsers willrecognize the file type and play the movie. Compress videos asmuch as possible to help control file size. Name videos by order ofcitation appearance (e.g., video1.mov). Authors will be notified ifproblems exist with videos as submitted and will be asked to takeresponsibility for modifications. No editing will be done to videosat the Editorial Office. Legends or short explanations of the ma-terial must accompany all supplemental material. Links to the ma-terial will appear in two places in the online journal, in the Tableof Contents and in the information box associated with the firstpage of the full-text article. There will not be any links in the bodyof the article. In the printed paper, supplemental material will befootnoted the first time mentioned: “The online version of thisarticle contains supplemental material.”

Distribution and depositing of materials:Unique materials: It is required that unique materials described

in manuscripts published in The JI will be made available, withinreason, to qualified investigators for their own noncommercial use.A reasonable amount may be charged by authors to cover prepa-ration and shipping of the requested material. An agreement to thiseffect is included in the Manuscript Submission Form.

High-resolution structural data: Any paper submitted to The JIthat contains new high-resolution structural data requires an ac-cession number from the Protein Data Bank (www.rcsb.org/pdb/Welcome.do) and assurance that unrestricted release will occur at

or before the time of publication. The accession number should beaccompanied by the website address of the databank.

Nucleotide sequences: Sequences of nucleotides or amino acidslonger than 50 bases/residues should not be presented in the text orin table form, but rather should be submitted as a publication qual-ity figure. Original nucleotide sequences, and determined nucleo-tide sequences encoding reported amino acid sequences, describedin the manuscript must be submitted to GenBank or EMBLDataLibrary at the time of manuscript submission; an accessionnumber and sequence availability are required at the time of pub-lication. The accession number should be accompanied by thewebsite address of the databank. Instructions on submission of datamay be obtained directly from GenBank (Mail Stop K710, LosAlamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545) or from theEuropean Molecular Biology Library, Nucleotide Sequence Li-brary (Postfach 10.2209, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 6900 Heidelberg,Germany) or see NCBI’s GenBank site (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/index.html).

Microarray data: The JI will not publish descriptive manu-scripts that report microarray data, unless such information can beconsidered of unusual immunological significance and/or includefunctional experiments that provide novel insight into mechanism.As with other scientific approaches, current experimental, quanti-tation, verification, and statistical analyses are expected. Microar-ray experiments should be Minimum Information About a Mi-croarray Experiment (MIAME) compliant (for guidelines seewww.mged.org). Whereas limited online space may be availablefor supplemental tables associated with the manuscript, completemicroarray data must be deposited in the appropriate public data-base; e.g., GEO (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/), ArrayExpress(www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/), or CIBEX (cibex.nig.ac.jp/index.jsp), and must be accessible without restriction from the date ofpublication. An entry name or accession number must be includedin the paper before publication. The accession number should beaccompanied by the website address of the databank.

STYLE GUIDE

General style conventions: In general, The JI follows ScientificStyle and Format, The CSE Style Manual for Authors, Editors, andPublishers, seventh edition, published by the Council of ScienceEditors, Inc., in instances where journal style issues are not directlyaddressed.

Abbreviations for references: BIOSIS is the primary source forjournal name abbreviations; Index Medicus is the secondarysource.

Nomenclature: The most current links for nomenclature guide-lines are posted online (www.jimmunol.org/misc/authorfulllength.shtml#style).

Allergen nomenclature: Nomenclature for allergens should beassigned in cooperation with the IUIS Allergen Sub-Committee.Authors of accepted manuscripts that describe novel allergens willbe requested to complete a brief standard form available at IUISAllergen Nomenclature (www.allergen.org/).

CD nomenclature: For the purpose of consistency, The JI willfollow CD nomenclature. For murine molecules, The JI will followthe nomenclature previously published in J. Immunol. 160: 3861–3868, 1998. For human molecules, standard CD nomenclature willbe followed as updated in J. Immunol. 168: 2083–2086, 2002.

Chemical names: The JI uses The Merck Index (library.dialog.com/bluesheets/html/bl0304.html) and the IUPAC-IUBCommission on Biochemical Nomenclature-Chemical Abstracts(www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/bibliog/white.html) as the primaryreferences for proper spelling and style of chemical names.

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Chemokine/chemokine receptor nomenclature: The system-atic name for chemokines and chemokine receptors should beused. The original name may be given in parenthesis if desired.See Cytokine 21:48–49, 2003.

Enzyme Nomenclature: (www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/en-zyme/), is The JI source for style and spelling of enzyme names.

Gene nomenclature: The HUGO guidelines for gene nomen-clature (www.genenames.org) may be used for naming humangenes. Mouse Genome Informatics (www.informatics.jax.org/) is areference source for naming mouse genes.

Genetic nomenclature for mice: The JI uses the revisions forstandardized genetic nomenclature for mice published periodicallyin Mouse Genome. A current listing of inbred strains of mice andrats is available at Mouse Genome Informatics. Authors are en-couraged to deposit their mapping data with the Mouse GenomeDatabase (MGD) before publication and to include the assignedMGD accession numbers in their manuscripts (www.informatics.jax.org). Data may be submitted electronically by e-mail. Infor-mation about electronic submission of data sets can be obtained atthe MGD home page. Gene symbols should be reserved with MGDin advance of publication. An electronic nomenclature submissionform is available from the MGD website.

HLA nomenclature: HLA nomenclature is updated periodi-cally by the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of theHLA System. A recent reference is Hum. Immunol. 64: 919–920,2003. Annual comprehensive revisions are published in HumanImmunology, usually in the spring.

STANDARD ABBREVIATIONS

The abbreviations listed here are used without definition in ar-ticles published in The JI. The form may be used for both singularand plural, or made plural with “s” at the author’s option. The listof standard abbreviations is published in the first issue of eachvolume.

Å, angstromaa, amino acid (only with numbers)Ab, antibodyABTS, 2,2�-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)Ag, antigenAIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndromeANOVA, analysis of varianceAP-1, activator protein 1APC, Ag-presenting cellATP, adenosine triphosphate (also ADP, AMP, CMP, CTP,

GDP, GMP, GTP, ITP, NTP, TMP, UDP, and UTP)AZT, 3�-azido-3-deoxythymidineBALT, bronchus-associated lymphoid tissueBAPTA-AM, 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N�,N�-

tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl esterBCR, B cell receptorbp, base pair (only with numbers)BrdU, 5-bromo-2�-deoxyuridineBSA, bovine serum albuminC, complementC region, constant region of IgcAMP, cyclic AMPCCL, CC chemokine ligandCCR, CC chemokine receptorCD40L, CD40 ligandcDNA, complementary DNACDR, complementarity determining regionC/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinCFA, complete Freund’s adjuvantCFSE, 5-(and 6-)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester

CFU, colony-forming unitcGMP, guanosine 3�,5�-cyclic monophosphateCHAPS, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane-

sulfonateCi, curieCIITA, class II transactivatorCLIP, class II-associated invariant-chain peptideCMV, cytomegalovirusCNS, central nervous systemCoA, coenzyme ACon A, concanavalin ACpG, cytosine guanine dinucleotidecpm, counts per minuteCREB, cAMP response binding proteincRNA, complementary RNACSF, colony-stimulating factorCTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyteCTLA, cytolytic T lymphocyte-associated AgCXCL, CXC chemokine ligandCXCR, CXC chemokine receptord, deoxy; distilled (as in dH2O)D region, diversity region of Ig or T cell receptor for AgDa, dalton (only with numbers)dATP, 2�-deoxyadenosine triphosphateDEAE, diethylaminoethyldf, degrees of freedomDMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s mediumDMSO, dimethylsulfoxideDNA, deoxyribonucleic acidDNase, deoxyribonucleaseDNP, dinitrophenyldNTP, 2�-deoxynucleoside 5�-triphosphatedpm, disintegrations per minuteds, double-stranded (as dsDNA)DTT, dithiothreitolE, erythrocyteEBV, Epstein-Barr virusEC50, 50% effective concentrationECL, enhanced chemiluminescenceED50, 50% effective doseEDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acidEGTA, ethylene glycol-bis(�-aminoethyl ester)-N,N,N�,N�-

tetraacetic acidELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayELISPOT, enzyme-linked immunospotEMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assayERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinaseE:T ratio, effector to target ratioFab, Ag-binding fragmentF-actin, filamentous actinFACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorterFAM, 6-carboxyfluoresceinFBS, fetal bovine serumFcR, Fc receptors (e.g., Fc�RI)FCS, fetal calf serumFITC, fluorescein isothiocyanateFLICE, Fas-associated death domain-like IL-1�-converting enzymeFLIP, FLICE inhibitory proteinfMLP or FMLP, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanineFura 2-AM, fura 2-acetoxymethyl esterg, gram (only with numbers)GALT, gut-associated lymphoid tissueGAPDH or G3PDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

dehydrogenaseG-CSF, granulocyte CSF

675The Journal of Immunology

GFP, green fluorescent proteinGM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage CSFgp, glycoprotein (e.g., gp100)GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositolGST, glutathione S-transferaseh, hour (only with numbers)H chain, heavy chainH&E, hematoxylin and eosinHBSS, Hanks’ balanced salt solutionHEPES, N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N�-2-ethanesulfonic acidHIV, human immunodeficiency virusHLA, human histocompatibility leukocyte AgHPLC, high performance liquid chromatographyHRP, horseradish peroxidaseHSV, herpes simplex virusHUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cellsIC50, 50% inhibition/inhibitory concentrationICAM, intercellular adhesion moleculeICOS, inducible costimulatorId, idiotype; idiotypic determinantID50, 50% infective dose or 50% inhibiting doseIDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenaseIFA, incomplete Freund’s adjuvantIFN, interferon (e.g., IFN-�)Ig, immunoglobulinIgH, Ig heavy chainI�B, inhibitory NF-�BIL, interleukin (e.g., IL-2)i.m., intramuscularIMDM, Iscove’s modified Dulbecco’s mediumIMEM, Iscove’s minimal essential mediumi.p., intraperitonealITAM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifITIM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifIU, international uniti.v., intravenousJ region, joining region of Ig or T cell receptor for AgJAK or Jak, Janus kinaseJNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinasekb, kilobase (only with numbers)kbp, kilobase pair (only with numbers)Ka, association constantKd, distribution coefficient; dissociation constantKD, affinity constantkDa, kilodalton (only with numbers)L chain, light chainLD50, 50% lethal doseLFA, leukocyte (lymphocyte) function-associated AgLIF, leukemia inhibitory factorLPS, lipopolysaccharideLU, lytic unitmAb, monoclonal AbMACS, magnetic-activated cell sortingMALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionizationMALDI-TOF, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time

of flightMALT, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissueMAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinaseMCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1M-CSF, macrophage CSF2-ME, 2-mercaptoethanolMEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinaseMEM, minimum essential mediumMES, 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acidmg, milligram (only with numbers)MHC, major histocompatibility complexmin, minute (only with numbers)MIP, macrophage-inflammatory proteinml, milliliter (only with numbers)

MLC, mixed lymphocyte cultureMLR, mixed leukocyte reactionmo, month(s) (only with numbers)MOPS, 4-morpholinepropanesulfonic acidMr, relative molecular massmRNA, messenger RNAMTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dimethyltetrazolium

bromide�g, microgram (only with numbers)�l, microliter (only with numbers)m.w., molecular weightMyD88, myeloid differentiating factor 88n, number in study or groupNAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotideNADH, reduced NADNaDodSO4, sodium dodecyl sulfateNADP, NAD phosphateNADPH, reduced NAD phosphateNBT, nitroblue tetrazoliumND, not determinedNDP, nucleoside 5�-diphosphateNF, nuclear factorNFAT or NF-AT, nuclear factor of activated T cellsNF-�B, nuclear factor �BNi-NTA, nickel-nitrilotriacetic acidNK cell, natural killer cellNMP, nucleoside 5�-monophosphateNO, nitric oxideNOD, nonobese diabeticNS, not significantnt, nucleotide (only with numbers)OCT, octamer-binding factorOD, optical densityOVA, ovalbuminp, probabilityPAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisPBL, peripheral blood lymphocytePBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cellPBS, phosphate-buffered salinePCR, polymerase chain reactionPE, phycoerythrinPECAM-1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1PerCP, peridinin chlorophyll proteinPFU, plaque-forming unitPG, prostaglandinPHA, phytohemagglutininPI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinasePIPES, piperazine-N,N�-bis(2-ethane sulfonic acid)PMA, phorbol myristate acetatePMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoridePWM, pokeweed mitogenr, recombinant (e.g., rIFN-�)R, receptor (e.g., IL-2R)RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA endRAG, recombination-activating geneRANTES, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed

and secretedRBC, red blood cellRFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphismRIA, radioimmunoassayRNA, ribonucleic acidRNase, ribonucleaserpm, revolutions per minuterRNA, ribosomal RNART-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions, second (use only with numbers)s.c., subcutaneousSCID, severe combined immunodeficiencySD, standard deviationSDS, sodium dodecyl sulfateSE, standard error

676

SEM, standard error of the meanSHIP, src homology 2-containing inositol 5�-phosphataseSIV, simian immunodeficiency virussp. act., specific activitySRBC, sheep red blood cellsss, single-stranded (e.g., ssDNA)SSC, standard saline citrateSTAT, signal transducer and activator of transcriptionSV40, simian virus 40t1/2, half-life, half-timeTAMRA, 5-(and 6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamineTAP, transporter associated with Ag processingTat, terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferaseTBS, Tris-buffered salineTBST, TBS with Tween 20TCA, trichloroacetic acidTCR, T cell receptor for AgTdR, thymidine deoxyribose (also UdR, AdR)TdT, terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferaseTGF, transforming growth factor

Th cell, T helper cellTLC, thin layer chromatographyTLR, Toll-like receptorTNF, tumor necrosis factorTNP, trinitrophenylTRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligandTris, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethanetRNA, transfer RNATUNEL, Tdt-mediated dUTP nick end labelingU, unit (only with numbers)UV, ultravioletv/v, volume to volume ratio (%)V region, variable region of IgVCAM, vascular cell adhesion moleculeV(D)J, variable diversity joiningVLA, very late activation AgW, watt (only with numbers)wk, week (only with numbers)xid, X-linked immunodeficiencyZap70, �-associated protein 70 (or �-chain-associated

protein 70)

KeywordsAnimalsHumanRodentOther Animals

CellsB CellsDendritic CellsEndothelial CellsEosinophilsMast Cells/BasophilsMonocytes/MacrophagesNatural Killer CellsNeutrophilsStem CellsStromal CellsT CellsT Cells, CytotoxicTh1/Th2 Cells

DiseasesAutoimmunityDiabetesEAE/MS

Endotoxin ShockGraft Versus Host DiseaseImmunodeficiency DiseasesRheumatoid ArthritisSystemic Lupus Erythematosus

InfectionsAIDSBacterialFungalParasitic-HelminthParasitic-ProtozoanViral

MoleculesAcutePhase ReactantsAdhesion MoleculesAntibodiesAntigens/Peptides/EpitopesAutoantibodiesCell Surface MoleculesChemokinesComplementCytokine Receptors

CytokinesFc ReceptorsLipid MediatorsLipopolysaccharideMHCNitric OxideProtein Kinases/PhosphatasesSuperantigensT Cell ReceptorsTranscription Factors

ProcessesAllergyAntigen Presentation/ProcessingApoptosisCell ActivationCell DifferentiationCell ProliferationCell TraffickingChemotaxisComparative Immunology/EvolutionCostimulationCytotoxicityGene Rearrangement

Gene RegulationHematopoiesisInflammationMemoryNeuroimmunologyPhagocytosisRepertoire DevelopmentReproductive ImmunologySignal TransductionTolerance/Suppression/AnergyTransplantationTumor ImmunityVaccinationTechniquesGene TherapyMolecular BiologyTransgenic/Knockout Mice

TissuesLungMucosaSkinSpleen & Lymph NodesThymus

677The Journal of Immunology

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