Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“...
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Transcript of Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“...
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Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute
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Study group 3: Study group 3: „ Military „ Military
Terminology Terminology and and
Translation“Translation“ synthesize the many intricate synthesize the many intricate
aspects of Term work aspects of Term work focused mandate for a future focused mandate for a future
working groupworking group
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International Military Terminology International Military Terminology A threefold choiceA threefold choice
• 1) NATO-terminology?
• 2) National terminologies translated into English?
• 3) National terminologies compared between each other?
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1) NATO-terminology1) NATO-terminology• Standardized NATO-terminology (English-
French) - i.e. the concepts – have to be adopted, not (only) translated
Source: NATO STANAGs
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2) National terminologies in 2) National terminologies in English or FrenchEnglish or French
• National terminology translated into English or French is NOT NATO-terminology, but can support mutual understanding
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3) National terminologies 3) National terminologies comparedcompared
• National terminologies compared and translated into different languages is NOT NATO-terminology but can support mutual understanding.
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What is the goal?What is the goal?
• Interoperability and international cooperation demand standardized concepts and procedures
a mere translation of terminology will not meet that goal
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Terminological database - Terminological database - TermbaseTermbase
• The termbase: an efficient way of maintaining and providing terminology
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Core process – Terminology work
KOTZIAN 2010
Sample entry containing the most important and
most frequent data categories:subject field (on concept level),
status, source, definition, explanation, context, additional remarks as „Joker field“
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How many languages?How many languages?• Mono-lingual, bi-lingual or multilingual?
• Prerequisite for a multilingual termbase is the harmonization of concepts and procedures.
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NATO-EN/FR
Language 1 Language 2 Language 3 Language 4
Multilingual NATO-Termbase
NATO-terminology expressed in national languages
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Multilinguality?Multilinguality?• Without harmonization of concepts and procedures, a multilingual termbase will not work. (Often no pure equivalencies between different national concepts and procedures).
• Danger of mere translation without true comparative terminology work
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Termbase 1
E N G L I S H
Language 1 Language 2 Language 3 Language 4
Termbase 2 Termbase 3 Termbase 4
National Military Terminology translated into English
Bi-lingual termbases
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Military Terminology Work
What‘s so special in the military?
Traditional secrecy plenty of national pecularities
Different procedures and structures
Oftentimes, no genuine equivalents in the target language
Opposite development:Increasing integration and conceptual harmonisation of
NATO, PfP, UN-missions
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Multilingual Terminology Work
Task:
Find equivalent terms in other languages!
Completely different from mere translation work (no circumscriptions but definitions!)
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In the absence of a genuine equivalent:
1) Maintenance of the source language term
2) „If in doubt, leave it out“
3) Literal translation of the source language term
4) Coining of a target language term
5) Use of a partial equivalent in the target language, paying attention to the implied restrictions
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1) Maintenance of the source language term
e. g. „Civil-Military Cooperation“, „Network Centric Warfare“, „Mag. phil.“
Network Centric Warfare
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2) „If in doubt, leave it out.“
e. g. Amtsdirektor Müller *Agency Director Müller
Mr Müller
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3) Literal translation of the source language term
e. g. „Miliz“ „Militia“
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4) Coining of a target language term :
e.g. „Kaderpräsenzeinheiten - KPE“ „Stand-by-Forces for First Missions“
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5) Use of a partial equivalent in the target language,
paying attention to the implied restrictions
„Jägergruppe“ „Rifle Squad“
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Vorbereiten der Befehlsausgabe
Durchführung der Befehlsausgabe
Übermittlung des Befehls
Schritt 1
Schritt 2
EBSprEBSpr
KoBSprKoBSpr
ZwBsprZwBspr
OBSprOBSpr
1.BdL!st part Evaluation of
Factors
Entschluss-vorbereitung2nd part Cons. Of COA
Erfassen des AuftragesMission Analysis
Planungsrichtlinie / KdtCommander´s Planninng
Guidance
EntschlussfassungCommander´s Decision
2.BdL2nd part Evaluation of
Factors1st part Cons. Of COA
Organisation der weiteren Planung
Auslösend der Sofortmaßnahmen
Auslösen Informationsgewinnung
Erfassen der Planungsvorgaben
Vorgaben zum Nacharbeiten
2. LK2. LB1. LK
1. LB Auslösen der Orientierung
wesentliche Führungsinformation aus übergeordneter
Ebene
wesentliche Führungsinformation
aus Kontrolle
Verarbeitung mit dem Kommandanten
Verarbeitung als Gesamtstab
Verarbeitung in den Zentralen /FGG
StbBsprStbBspr
1. Überprüfung des PdDReview Plan
Soll / Ist VergleichBDA
2. Überprüfung des PdD
Festhalten von Erfahrungen/Lehren
Überwachung der Vorbereitungsmaßn.
Optimierung der Vorbereitungsmaßn.
Überwachung der Umsetzungsmaßn.
Optimierung der Umsetzungsmaßn.
(mögl. Folgebeurteilungen)
Auslösen der takt. Entscheidung
Schritt 4Schritt 5 Schritt 3Schritt 6
1. Graphische Darstellung des Entschlusses
Optimierung der Optimierung der Kräfte und MittelKräfte und Mittel
2. Graphi. Darst. des Entschluss
Fertigst. der Fertigst. der Detailplanung und Detailplanung und
BedarfsdeckungBedarfsdeckung
Fixieren der optimierten Fixieren der optimierten Aufträge und TEAufträge und TE
Abgleichen der Abgleichen der DetailplanungenDetailplanungen
Festlegen einer vorläufigen TE
Formulieren vorl. Aufträgen/ Führungsabsichten
Taktischer Taktischer FührungsprozessFührungsprozess
Erhalt eines Auftrages
Recieve Mission
Einleitung Planungs-prozesses
Initiate a new DMP
Erstellung eines Lagebildes
IPB
VorbereitungPreparation
UmsetzungExecution
Soll / Ist VergleichBDA
Überprüfung des PdD
Review Plan
Synchro-nisation
DetailplanungEinsatzbefehl
Orders
Beurteilung der Lage Evaluation of Factors
ErwägungenConsidaration of COA
EntschlussCommander´s Decision
Erfassen des AuftragesMission Analysis
Planungsrichtline des KdtCommander´s Planninng Guidance
Erstellung des Planes der
Durchführung
Taktisches Taktisches FührungsverfahrenFührungsverfahren
Kontrolle
Einleitende Einleitende LagefeststellungLagefeststellung
Befehlsgebung
Ständige Ständige LagefeststellungLagefeststellung
IPB
Entscheidungs-findung
Orientierung
Planung der Durchführung
Durchführung
Allgemeines Allgemeines FührungsverfahrenFührungsverfahren
Ausführen InfoGewPl
Verfolgung der Ziele
Wirkungs-aufklärung
Umsetzen Unterstützung
spläne
Koordinierung Aufklärung
und Wirkung
Fertigstellung Unterstützung
spläne
Wirkungs-aufklärung
Ergänzung zu InfoGewPl
1. Kräfte- Mitteleinsatz
Ziel-definierung
Entscheidung Wiederbeginn
DeliverDeliver
DetectDetect DecideDecide
DecideDecideAssessAssessUnterstützungsverfahren/TargetingUnterstützungsverfahren/Targeting
Vorbefehl 1Vorbefehl 1
Vorbefehl 2Vorbefehl 2
Vorbefehl 3Vorbefehl 3
FestlegungFestlegungHPTLHPTL
TNLTNL
Entwurf TNLEntwurf TNL
Etwurf Etwurf (E)AGM(E)AGM
Synchro-Synchro-nisationsmatrixnisationsmatrix
FertigstellungFertigstellungTargetingplanTargetingplan
FertigstellungFertigstellungInfoGewPlInfoGewPl
Fertigstellung Fertigstellung UnterstützungspläneUnterstützungspläneBefehlBefehl
Ergebnis-BsprErgebnis-Bspr
Einzel-Einzel-befehle zur befehle zur OptimierungOptimierung
Einzel-/Gesamt-Einzel-/Gesamt-befehle zur befehle zur OptimierungOptimierung
StbBsprStbBspr
Einzelbefehl Einzelbefehl zur takt. zur takt.
EntscheidungEntscheidung
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Study group 3: Study group 3: „ Military „ Military
Terminology Terminology and and
Translation“Translation“ synthesize the many intricate synthesize the many intricate
aspects of Term work aspects of Term work focused mandate for a future focused mandate for a future
working groupworking group
Presentation of a Proposal 12.MAY 2011
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1.Goal1.Goal• 1.1 Contribution to common Understanding
and thus increase accuracy of Communications
• 1.2 Support of LT,Transl,Interpret • 1.3 Contribute to enhanced interoperability• 1.4 Contribute to increased
effectiveness/efficiency of Multi-national HQ• Desired Endstate: Harmonization of mil
cultures •
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2.Situation2.Situation• 2.1 AAP-6 is not satisfying
• 2.2 Many Dictionaries,Wordlists,Glossaries• ………….,with inconsistencies existing
• 2.3 Updating process takes much time!– Can not rely on NSA only
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3.Principles3.Principles• 3.1 NATO-Engl/Fr is the source language
• 3.2 Establishing equivalent terms from source to national language only for national training purposes aiming at Interop
• 3.3 If no national equivalencies :Explain/Define
• 3.4 Not mere translation of definition but also recognize the respective concept
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4.Roadmap4.Roadmap• 4.1 Increase the number of necessary
terms by distilling them from the basic NATO documents at the level of operational art and tactics (AJP-1,ATP 3.2 ….)
• 4.2 Define them in E/F and publish them on the BILC Website
• 4.3 Member nations: Equ,Expl,Def in their language –
• 4.4 Contribute result to a „ BILC-Wiki“
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NATO-EN/FR
Language 1 Language 2 Language 3 Language 4
Multilingual NATO-Termbase
NATO-terminology expressed in national languages
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5.EXECUTION5.EXECUTION• 5.1 Establish multinational WG of linguists and
mil experts tasked to 4.1,4.2• 5.2 Encourage member nations to contribute IAW
4.3• 5.3 Create a multilingual Term Base
• Coordination and Support by BILC• Vision:“ Combined“ terminology work