SiS Impacts Of Climate Change On Australian Biodiversity Beaumont 2007
Australian National Algae Culture Collection: Biodiversity ... · Australian National Algae Culture...
Transcript of Australian National Algae Culture Collection: Biodiversity ... · Australian National Algae Culture...
Australian National Algae Culture Collection:Biodiversity, pigments and bioproducts
Susan BlackburnLesley Clementson, Ian Jameson, Cathy Johnston, David BattenCSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research 15th April 2010
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
•CSIRO National Biological Collections: Algae – a livingcollection
•1000 strains of more than 300 microalgae species
•unique Australian biodiversity, sourced from the tropics toAntarctica, marine and freshwater microalgal classes
•isolation of new strains from Australia’s biodiversity
•strain characterisation:taxonomic identification,chemical & molecular,growth parameters
Algal Culture Facility•Controlled environmentrooms and cabinets: secure facility –AQIS QC5.2
Australian National Algae Culture CollectionANACC
Formerly CSIRO Collection of LivingMicroalgaehttp://www.cmar.csiro.au/microalgae
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
ANACCAustralian QuarantineInspection ServiceAQIS QC5.2 Facility
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
ANACC
Australian QuarantineInspection ServiceAQIS QC5.2 Facility
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Algal Culture Facility – AQIS QC5.2
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Number of Extant Genera, Species & Strainsin CCLM Grouped by Class
0
50
100
150
200
250
Cyano
phyc
eae
Dinoph
ycea
e
Bacilla
rioph
ycea
e
Prymne
sioph
ycea
e
Prasino
phyc
eae
Eustig
matoph
ycea
e
Chlorop
hyce
ae
Cryptop
hyce
ae
Raphid
ophy
ceae
Chryso
phyc
eae
Zooxa
nthell
ae
Rhodo
phyc
eae
Dictyo
chop
hyce
ae
Euglen
ophy
ceae
Pelago
phyc
eae
Xantho
phyc
eae
Thraus
tochy
tridea
Num
ber
of s
trai
ns p
er C
lass
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Num
ber
of g
ener
a an
d sp
ecie
s pe
r cl
assStrains N = 873
Species N = 326
Genera N = 173
Low species high strain number= Species replication enables characterization of population variation
Genetics, FTIR
High species number low strain replication= molecular diversity for bioproductsDiscovery
Expt Collection = >100 algal 500 bacteria (cryo)
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Number of Strains in ANACC
0
50
100
150
200
250
Bacilla
rioph
ycea
e
Chlorop
hyce
ae
Chryso
phyc
eae
Cryptop
hyce
ae
Cyano
phyc
eae
Dictyo
chop
hyce
ae
Dinoph
ycea
e
Euglen
ophy
ceae
Eustig
matoph
ycea
e
Pelago
phyc
eae
Prasino
phyc
eae
Prymne
sioph
ycea
e
Raphid
ophy
ceae
Rhodo
phyc
eae
Thraus
tochy
triida
e
Xantho
phyc
eae
Zooxa
nthell
ae
Rest of worldAustralian
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Microalgae Supply Service: locations supplied
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Pigments
1960s: Dr Shirley Jeffrey, biological mapping of Australiaʼs oceans,development of pigment signatures
1990s: SCOR / UNESCO• cultures for pigment standards• chemotaxonomy• composition of phytoplankton in the oceans
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Diversity of Australian and global populations:Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae)
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Diversity of Australian and global populations:Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae)
DIM (1)
JP/SP/PT
TRA
0
1
2
-1
-21 2-1 0
HU/HA
DE
PTL02
PTL01-4
DE '93
DE '87
JP
SP
HU
1
0
-1
-2-1 0 1 2
DIM
(3)
DIM (1)
PT
TRA
PTL01-4PTL02
Plot of first and second dimension of thethree-dimensional MDS analysis of G.catenatum strains.Region /population clusters (bounded bysolid line)
Plot of the first and third dimensionof the three-dimensional MDSanalysis of G. catenatum strains.G. catenatum clusters bounded bysolid or shaded lines.
Bolch et al. 1999, J. Phycol. 35, 356-67, Blackburn et al. 2001 Phycologia, 40, 78-87,
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Diversity of Australian and global populations:Nodularia (Cyanobacteria)
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Nodularia genetic relationships: cpcBA-IGS
from Hayes and Barker 1997
Anabaena 71209402
9557
94019427
BY1
NSBLNSGLNSKRNSLANSORNSBR
HKVV73104
78049336
Baltic Sea N. spumigena
Australian N. spumigena
Baltic SeaNodularia sp.
Nodularia sphaerocarpaNodularia spp.
Bolch et al. 1999, J. Phycol 35, 339-55
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Nodularia global populations
• Correlation of the hepatoxin nodularin with carotenoids:• Louise Schlüter et al. (DHI, Denmark and Norwegian University of Science
and Technology) and Jameson and Blackburn (CSIRO Australia)Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 2008, 36, 749-57
• N. spumigena and N. sphaerocarpa:• 4-ketomyxol-2’-fucoside and 1’-O-methyl-4-ketomyxol-2’-fucoside: latter
most important diagnostic pigment for toxic N. spumigena, Baltic Sea
• Relationship between carotenoids and the toxin nodularin:• Light intensity• Stage of growth
• Relationship between Australian strain and carotenoids / toxins not soclear
• Global population differences
• More studies of this type needed!
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Australian algae industryCognis algae ‘lakes’, Whyalla, South Australia (also Western Australia)
Largest globalproducer naturalβ-carotene;Nutraceuticals;food / feed colorants
Dunaliella salina
Since early1980s
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Energy Transformed FlagshipBiodiesel from Algae: Strain selection and optimisation
• Bioproducts: New Australian endemic algal strains forbiodiesel, other biofuels and co-products, including highvalue pigments.
• New Australian industry for biodiesel from algae: couplingAustralian endemic microalgae – selected for biomass and/oroil production along with co-products – with technologiesdeveloped by CSIRO to optimise:
• algal growth, biomass and / or oil production• utilising flue gas, enhance solar energy conversion and CO2
uptake
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Commercial Feasibility
• We are piloting a microalgal biorefinery in which:• Production of Carotenoids looks to be the key now• Rank order (in terms of potential revenue earned):
• Carotenoids (~75% of potential revenue!)• Protein• Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)• Biodiesel• Animal feed• Acrylic acid
• This ranking may change, so we must look now at:• Markets for carotenoids, protein, PUFA and biofuels• Potential revenues and costs for each of the above• Species of microalgae that are best for the above
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Carotenoids
• Small number have found commercial application, including:• β-carotene US$242 million worldwide in 2004• Astaxanthin US$234 million worldwide in 2004• Canthaxanthin US$148 million worldwide in 2004• Lutein US$139 million worldwide in 2004• Zeaxanthin• Lycopene• Others
• Mainly used as food dyes, as feed additives in aquacultureand to enhance the pigmentation of chicken and egg yolks.
• Stringent regulations on synthetic dyes in the food sector R&D on carotenoids from microalgae as food additives.
• Applications in the cosmetic industries (Borowitzka, 1988;Benemann, 1992; Johnson and Schroeder, 1995).
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Potential co-products: Pigments
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
ANACC strain characterisation: pigments
0
20
40
60
80
BD3-04
BD3-13
BD3-14
BD3-16
BD4-03
BD4-04
BD4-06
BD4-12
BD4-13
BD5-06
BD5-11
BD6-07
BD6-20
Sample code
%pi
gmen
t of d
ry w
t of t
otal
pig
men
ts
Fuco Neo Pras Viola Hex-fuco Astax Zea Lut Canthax Chl b B,B-carotene Tot. astax isomers
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
0
20
40
60
80
D. sali
na
Cyano
phyte
(F)
Dunaliell
a
Cymato
sira
Eustig
matoph
yte ?
Symbiodinium
Botryoco
ccus
Haemato
cocc
us (H)
Haemato
cocc
us (C)
Sample code
% o
f tot
al p
igm
ents
Perid Fuco Zea Lut Chl b B,B-carotene Tot. astax isomers
Highestlipidproducers
High pigment producing strains
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Pigment biodiscovery
Coorong, South Australia – August 2007
Surface salinity ranged from 53 – 116
Ankyra sp.
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
COO2
COO5 Pig
men
t co
nc. n
orm
alis
ed t
o ch
l-a
Fuco Pras Allo Zea Lut Canthax Chl b
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
C002
C005
% o
f to
tal
caro
ten
oid
s
other carotenoids Lutein
38%
C002 -77 and C005 - 116
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
The future: Combined technologies /bioremediation / multiple bioproducts
BiodieselProtein meal
Fermentation to alcohols
Speciality chemicals
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Contact UsPhone: 1300 363 400 or +61 3 9545 2176
Email: [email protected] Web: www.csiro.au
Thank you
CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric ResearchSusan BlackburnHead, Australian National Algae Culture Collection
Email:[email protected]: www.csiro.au/group
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
This is an example of aSection Divider slideArial Regular, 44pt
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
3D MDS analysis ofG. catenatum RAPD fingerprints
.
SP/PT/JP
TRA
0
1
2
-1
-2 1 2-1 0
HU/HA
DE
DIM (2)
DIM (1)
CSIRO. Algae Collection SeaHARRE April 2010
Dinoflagellate bloom, eastern Tasmania
Algal Production: a challenge!However algae produce high biomass in nature(algal blooms)
Dinoflagellate bloom, eastern Tasmania
Cyanobacterial bloom, Queensland