Australia-Italy Conference @Gingin, Australia 6, October 2005
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Transcript of Australia-Italy Conference @Gingin, Australia 6, October 2005
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Australia-Italy Conference@Gingin, Australia6, October 2005
LCGT projectKazuaki Kuroda
LCGT Collaboration
Cryogenics for LCGT
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Brief summary of Cryogenics of LCGT
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SPI sub-mirror
SAS: three stages with inverted pendulum
Main mirror
Heat links extend from here to the inner shieldheat anchor.
Suspension system
Outer shield of cryostat
Vacuum is common
Sapphire fiber suspending mirror
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Configuration of LCGT cryostat. Two sets of towers corresponds to one arm FP cavity.
Drawn by Toshiba
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Why do we choose cryogenics?
Because it is the simplest way to reduce thermal noise
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Thermal noise reduction at cryogenic temperature
beam radius 3cm To improve by one order in room temperature.
Radius -> 4.6times ( )-> 14cm
102
3
Figure is prepared by Uchiyama
Adv. LIOG adopts Mexican hutshaped beam profile.
We take a way to cool it down.
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By Yamamoto
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By Yamamoto
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Basic experiments of cryogenic mirror and its R&D
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We need sapphire in place of fused silica at cryogenictemperature. Typical samples were produced by CSI.
10-8 is given by the author, which was found to be too small.
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Heat extraction experiment in 1997-1998
Hemlite sapphire cylinder.
Sapphire fiber
Reverse setup protects the break of fibers
Springs constantly raise the rod.
Liquid Helium cryostat.
A heater is attached here.
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A heater simulates the optical loss in the sapphire substrate. Since the thermal conductivity was high, the temperature distribution was uniform (the calibration error of thermometers was larger).
Fibers are 250 micron in diameter, with c-axis along the fiber.
The above shows the time response
of the temperature.
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We have conducted cryogenic experiments to confirm the feasibility of cryogenic mirror by sapphire.
Q measurement
The fundamental and the second lowestmode were measured. They were higher than 108.
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Experimental setup
In 1999-2000
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Suspension prototype was tested in Kashiwa campus in ICRR, in 2001.
7 m Fabry-Perot Cavity was formed.
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(Miyoki et al.)
Although we succeeded in the operation in cryogenic temperature, the mechanical vibration of the refrigerator was clearly introduced to the test mass.
Quiet refrigeratorand softer heat Link are required.
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Quiet refrigerator was developed ( design in 2003)F-6: Class. Quantum Grav. (Accepted), Pr-1: Proc. 28th ICRC (2003),
patent: Pa-3 Tomaru et al., 2003; Suzuki et al., 2003.
Switching box
Pulse tube ref.1st & 2nd stages
To compressor4K cold head
40K cold stage
Soft heat links
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Vibration of Cold Head
10-13
10-12
10-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
Dis
pla
cem
en
t D
en
sity
[m
/Hz
1/2
]
0.1 1 10 100Frequency [Hz]
VRS Lower Stage VRS Upper Flange Original PT Kamioka Seismic
Without reducing the efficiency, the vibration of Cold Stage, Cold Headhave been reduced by more than 2〜 3orders of magnitude.
Measured underground of Kamioka mine
Not the vibration of the refrigeratorBut the fixing device of the meter
Cold head vibration is less than the seimic noise level of theUnderground of Kmioka mine.
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We used the measurement of Yamamoto’s optical coating loss. He directly measured Q of thin disk coated and its mechanical loss was evaluated.
By Yamamoto
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Design of Cryogenic suspension
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Effort to increase the optical quality of sapphire
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Sapphire quality was checked by an
automatic birefringence measurement device
Tokunari et al. in Poster session
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Practical advancement of cryogenic mirror
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Main mirrors of CLIO werepolished by Canon Co. Ltd.And now in the process ofcoating by JAE.
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Conclusion of this Talk
• Cryogenic interferometer, LCGT, is realized by sapphire whose mechanical quality is good but its optical quality is not sufficient.
• Basic and practical techniques of a cryogenic interferometer have been developed.
• We are trying to increase the quality of sapphire to increase the sensitivity of LCGT.
• Practical test is now undergoing by CLIO interferometer at Kamioka.