Australia. 2 The Flag 3 The upper left quarter of the flag is called the Canton and pictures the...

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Australia Australia

Transcript of Australia. 2 The Flag 3 The upper left quarter of the flag is called the Canton and pictures the...

Page 1: Australia. 2 The Flag 3 The upper left quarter of the flag is called the Canton and pictures the flag of the UK. The upper left quarter of the flag is.

AustraliaAustralia

Page 2: Australia. 2 The Flag 3 The upper left quarter of the flag is called the Canton and pictures the flag of the UK. The upper left quarter of the flag is.

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The FlagThe Flag

Page 3: Australia. 2 The Flag 3 The upper left quarter of the flag is called the Canton and pictures the flag of the UK. The upper left quarter of the flag is.

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The FlagThe Flag The upper left quarter of the flag is called the The upper left quarter of the flag is called the

Canton and pictures the flag of the UK.Canton and pictures the flag of the UK.

The Australian flag pictures a large seven-pointed The Australian flag pictures a large seven-pointed star known as the Commonwealth Star which star known as the Commonwealth Star which represents the federation of the colonies of represents the federation of the colonies of Australia in 1901Australia in 1901

The Commonwealth Star depicts one point for The Commonwealth Star depicts one point for each of the six original states and one each of the six original states and one representing the six original states and the representing the six original states and the territories of Australiaterritories of Australia

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GeographyGeography

Australia is the only country occupying a Australia is the only country occupying a whole continent. It has a total area of whole continent. It has a total area of 7,682,300 km2. 7,682,300 km2.

Its is the sixth largest country in the Its is the sixth largest country in the world after Russia, Canada, China, the world after Russia, Canada, China, the US and Brazil. US and Brazil.

Australia is bounded by the Pacific Australia is bounded by the Pacific Ocean in the East, the Arafura Sea to the Ocean in the East, the Arafura Sea to the north and the Indian Ocean to the west. north and the Indian Ocean to the west.

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GeographyGeography

Australia is the flattest of all the Australia is the flattest of all the continents, its highest point is Mt. continents, its highest point is Mt. Kosciuszko (2228m.)Kosciuszko (2228m.)

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GeographyGeography

The longest river, originating in The longest river, originating in Queensland, is the Queensland, is the DarlingDarling measuring 2736km. measuring 2736km.

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ClimateClimate

Australia’s seasons are opposite of the Australia’s seasons are opposite of the northern hemisphere – summer starts northern hemisphere – summer starts in December, autumn in March, winter in December, autumn in March, winter in June and Spring in September. Due in June and Spring in September. Due to its size, geographical location and to its size, geographical location and lack of extensive mountain ranges lack of extensive mountain ranges Australia has a wide range of climates Australia has a wide range of climates but generally no extremes. The but generally no extremes. The average temperature ranges from 23-average temperature ranges from 23-26°C. 26°C.

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EnvironmentEnvironment

Australia has more than 2,000 national Australia has more than 2,000 national parks and nature reserves, protected parks and nature reserves, protected wilderness areas of natural and wilderness areas of natural and environmental importance that range environmental importance that range from desert landscape to high mountains from desert landscape to high mountains to coastal dunes and rainforests. to coastal dunes and rainforests.

There are areas of Australia that haven’t There are areas of Australia that haven’t been explored, being so wild and been explored, being so wild and inaccessible. inaccessible.

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EnvironmentEnvironment

Australia has thirteen areas on the UN’s Australia has thirteen areas on the UN’s World Heritage List, they are: World Heritage List, they are: Kakadu Kakadu National Park, Uluru, the Wet Tropics of National Park, Uluru, the Wet Tropics of north Queensland, and the Great Barrier north Queensland, and the Great Barrier Reef, Fraser Island, Central Eastern Reef, Fraser Island, Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves, Willandra Lakes, Rainforest Reserves, Willandra Lakes, Lord Howe Island, Tasmanian Wilderness, Lord Howe Island, Tasmanian Wilderness, Shark Bay, Australian Fossil Mammal Shark Bay, Australian Fossil Mammal Sites at Riversleigh (Queensland) and Sites at Riversleigh (Queensland) and Naracoorte (South Australia), Macquarie Naracoorte (South Australia), Macquarie Island, Heard and McDonald IslandsIsland, Heard and McDonald Islands

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Flora and FaunaFlora and Fauna

Australia’s isolation for more than 55 Australia’s isolation for more than 55 million years has created a unique million years has created a unique sanctuary of animals and plants found sanctuary of animals and plants found nowhere else in the world. nowhere else in the world.

Australia hosts a really interesting animal Australia hosts a really interesting animal group, the monotremes, egg laying group, the monotremes, egg laying mammals, that are often referred to as mammals, that are often referred to as living fossils, like the platypus – a river living fossils, like the platypus – a river dwelling animal with a duck bill and a dwelling animal with a duck bill and a agile furry body resembling an otter. agile furry body resembling an otter.

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Flora and Fauna Flora and Fauna

The echidna or spiny anteater is also The echidna or spiny anteater is also a member of the monotremes group. a member of the monotremes group.

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Flora and FaunaFlora and Fauna

Wombats have been in Australia for Wombats have been in Australia for 15 million years and are found in 15 million years and are found in many parts of Australia. They are many parts of Australia. They are Marsupial (they have a pouch for Marsupial (they have a pouch for their baby.)their baby.)

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Flora and FaunaFlora and Fauna

The Tasmanian Devil, a carnivorous The Tasmanian Devil, a carnivorous marsupial. marsupial.

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Flora and FaunaFlora and Fauna

There are 520 species of Lizard in There are 520 species of Lizard in Australia that range from small Australia that range from small geckos to the goanna that can reach geckos to the goanna that can reach a size of 2m. a size of 2m.

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Flora and FaunaFlora and Fauna

The Great Barrier Reef along the The Great Barrier Reef along the east coast of Queensland is the east coast of Queensland is the longest and most complex living longest and most complex living coral system in the world and coral system in the world and provides a habitat for a wide range provides a habitat for a wide range of marine animals. of marine animals.

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Flora and FaunaFlora and Fauna

Another area noted for its prolific Another area noted for its prolific wildlife is Kakadu National Park in wildlife is Kakadu National Park in the Northern Territory – with water the Northern Territory – with water birds, crocodiles and wild buffaloes. birds, crocodiles and wild buffaloes.

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PopulationPopulation

Approx. 22, 530, 543Approx. 22, 530, 543

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CitiesCities The Australians are one of the world’s The Australians are one of the world’s

most urbanized societies- nearly 90 per most urbanized societies- nearly 90 per cent of the population live in cities along cent of the population live in cities along the coastthe coast

The largest and most populated city is The largest and most populated city is Sydney with 3.8 million people.Sydney with 3.8 million people.

Next is Melbourne with just over 3 million.Next is Melbourne with just over 3 million. Third is Brisbane 1.5 millionThird is Brisbane 1.5 million Perth 1.2 millionPerth 1.2 million Adelaide 1.07 millionAdelaide 1.07 million

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Aboriginal History and Aboriginal History and CultureCulture

It is generally thought that Aborigines It is generally thought that Aborigines have been living on the continent for the have been living on the continent for the last 50 000 years, originally migrating last 50 000 years, originally migrating from Indonesia. from Indonesia.

The oldest skeleton found in Australia The oldest skeleton found in Australia was at Lake Mungo in New South Wales, was at Lake Mungo in New South Wales, believed to be 38 000 years old. believed to be 38 000 years old.

Today most Aborigines live in cities and Today most Aborigines live in cities and towns or in isolated settlements near towns or in isolated settlements near tribal lands. tribal lands.

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Arts and CultureArts and Culture

Sydney Opera House – an Sydney Opera House – an architectural masterpiece and architectural masterpiece and Australia’s foremost tourist attraction. Australia’s foremost tourist attraction.

One of the busiest performing centers One of the busiest performing centers in the world.in the world.

Around 3,000 events and Around 3,000 events and performances are staged each year in performances are staged each year in four venues, attracting audiences of four venues, attracting audiences of approximately two million. approximately two million.

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EducationEducation

The first school in Australia was set The first school in Australia was set up in Sydney by a convict named up in Sydney by a convict named Isabella Rosson in 1789 and the Isabella Rosson in 1789 and the oldest university, the University of oldest university, the University of Sydney was established in 1850.Sydney was established in 1850.

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EducationEducation

Education remains the responsibility of Education remains the responsibility of state governments and it is compulsory state governments and it is compulsory for children to attend school between for children to attend school between the ages of five to fifteen. the ages of five to fifteen.

Children in the Australian Outback (far Children in the Australian Outback (far from any school) receive radio lessons from any school) receive radio lessons through the School of the Air and do through the School of the Air and do their homework by correspondence.their homework by correspondence.

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EducationEducation

Secondary schooling begins at the age of Secondary schooling begins at the age of 12 and students have the choice of 12 and students have the choice of leaving school at 15, or continuing on to leaving school at 15, or continuing on to 17 or 18 to qualify for entry into 17 or 18 to qualify for entry into university or a college of further university or a college of further education. education.

There are fees in Australian universities, There are fees in Australian universities, but the students can apply for a but the students can apply for a government loan which must be repaid government loan which must be repaid when they enter the workforce. when they enter the workforce.

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Important InformationImportant Information

Australia is officially known as the Australia is officially known as the Commonwealth of Australia. Commonwealth of Australia. Australia comprises of six states, two Australia comprises of six states, two mainland territories and numerous mainland territories and numerous islands that lie on the Pacific and islands that lie on the Pacific and Indian Oceans.Indian Oceans.

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Important InformationImportant Information

The states in Australia are The states in Australia are New New South Wales, Queensland, South South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western AustraliaWestern Australia. The two major . The two major territories of Australia are the territories of Australia are the Northern TerritoryNorthern Territory and the and the Australian Capital TerritoryAustralian Capital Territory. .

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Capital CityCapital City

The capital city of Australia is The capital city of Australia is Canberra. It is located in the Canberra. It is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Australian Capital Territory.

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Administrative and political Administrative and political systemsystem

Australia became an independent nation on 1 Australia became an independent nation on 1 January 1901. Australia is the federal January 1901. Australia is the federal constitutional monarchy and is a part of the constitutional monarchy and is a part of the British Commonwealth. Under the British Commonwealth. Under the Constitution, the reigning British monarch is Constitution, the reigning British monarch is also the Australian one and therefore also the Australian one and therefore Australia's Head of State. The Constitution Australia's Head of State. The Constitution grants the monarch - currently Queen grants the monarch - currently Queen Elizabeth II - certain governing powers that Elizabeth II - certain governing powers that place them above all other levels of the place them above all other levels of the government. Because of the large distance government. Because of the large distance between Australia and Britain, the monarch is between Australia and Britain, the monarch is permitted to appoint a Governor-General who permitted to appoint a Governor-General who can exercise the monarch's powers in their can exercise the monarch's powers in their absence.absence.

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Administrative and political Administrative and political systemsystem

In Australia, power is divided between the Commonwealth In Australia, power is divided between the Commonwealth Government and the governments of the six colonies, Government and the governments of the six colonies, which were renamed 'states' by the Constitution.which were renamed 'states' by the Constitution.

Each state has its own state Constitution, which divides Each state has its own state Constitution, which divides the state's government into the same divisions of the state's government into the same divisions of legislature, executive, and judiciary as the Commonwealth legislature, executive, and judiciary as the Commonwealth Government.Government.

The six state parliaments are permitted to pass laws The six state parliaments are permitted to pass laws related to any matter that is not controlled by the related to any matter that is not controlled by the Commonwealth under Section 51 of the Australian Commonwealth under Section 51 of the Australian Constitution.Constitution.

The head of each state government is known as the The head of each state government is known as the Premier.Premier.

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Governor GeneralGovernor General

Ms Quentin Bryce.Ms Quentin Bryce.

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Prime MinisterPrime Minister

Julia GillardJulia Gillard

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The End The End