Monthly Activities practised in Sikhera Village

Months

Magh Ganuary-Febuary)

Phalgun (February-March)

Chait (March-April)

Baisakh (April-May)

Jeth (May-June)

Asarh Gune-July)

Sawan Guly-August)

Bhadon (August-September)

Kuar (September-October)

Kartik (October-November)

Activities

Sowing of melon crop. Planting sugar-cane. Watching pea-fields. Harvesting peas and taking them to markets in Meerut. Building houses.

Harvesting peas and taking them to market. Irrigating melon fields. Harvesting mustard and barley. Repairing and building houses.

Harvesting Wheat, gram and red and black arhar. Watching Khalians. Threshing and winnowing. Sowing sugarcane (if late).

Irrigating melon fields every fourth, filth or eighth day. Watching these fields. Plucking melons and taking them to markets in Meerut. Ploughing dhan fields which are on a high level. Digging kachacha wells in the fields for irrigational purposes.

Watching melon fields. Plucking melons and ·taking them to markets. Manuring fields for the dhan crop. Repairing houses.

Preparing fields for · dhan, bajra, urad, bari juar, ploughing wheat fields. Watching mango groves. Plucking mangoes and taking them to markets.

Weeding o. -- dhan, bari juar, choti juar,and red arhar. Sowing urad and bajra. Ploughing wheat fields.

Harvesting and threshing Ploughing wheat fields. Sowing black arhar, and urad (it delayed by rains).

Harvesting dhan, bari juar, and choti juar. Watching Khalians. Threshing and winnowing fields for the pea crop. Sowing peas and gram.

Harvesting choti juar. Watching Khalians.

Aghan (November-December)

Poos (December-January)

Sowing wheat. w~nnowing these. fields.

W ceding urad fields, and Making Kyaris in wheat

Irrigating Wheat and pea fields (if no rains).

Irrigating Wheat and pea fields (if no rains).

ii

RELIGIOUS (CEREMONIAL) CALENDARIC FESTIVALS

Months

1. Magh (Jan.-Feb.)

2. Phalgun (Feb.-March)

3. Chait (March-April)

4. Baisakh (April-May)

5. Jeth (May-June)

6. Asarh (June-July)

7. Sawan (July-Aug.)

8. Bhandon (Aug.-Sept.)

9. Kuar (Sept.-Oct.)

10. Kartik (Oct.-Nov.)

11. Aghan (Nov.-Dec.)

12. Poos (Dec.-Jan.)

iii

Festivals

1. Sakat 2. Nava 3. Makar Sankranti 4. Basant Panchami 5. Planting the branch of castor for Holi.

1. Holi 2. Shiva Ratri

1. Jagan Nath ki Pooja 2. Ram Naumi.

1. Jagan Nath ki Pooja (if it was not celebrated in Chait) 2. Sitwahi Amawasya

1. Dusserah 2.Baragadhai Amawasya

1. Asarhi

1. Raksha Bandhan 2. Nag Panchmi

1. Harchatt 2. Janmashtami 3. Nava 4. Bhadai Amawasya 5. Kajari Teej

1. Devi Naumi 2. Vijay Dashmi (or Dashahara) 3. Pitra Paksha

1. Karwa Couth 2. Kartik Purnima 3. Dewali 4. Bhaiya Dooj

1. Aghani

Traditional Occupations followed by Different Castes in Sikhera Village

Caste

1. Thakur

2. Brahmin

3. Dhimar

4. Kumhar

5. Nai

6. Dhobi

7. Gadaria

8. Chamar

Men

1. Agriculture 2. Animal care 3. Marketing

1. Religious activities 2. Agriculture 3. Animal care 4. Marketing

1. Agriculture 2. Animal care 3. Marketing 4. Watching fields 5. Work as messengers 6. Work as labourers

1. Agriculture 2. Animal care 3. Marketing 4. Pottery

1. Agriculture 2. Animal care 3. Marketing 4. Work as barbers 5. Work as messengers 6. Assist the Pandit in ceremonies

1. Agriculture 2. Animal care 3. Marketing 4. Washing clothes and all work connected with it

1. Agriculture 2. Animal care 3. Marketing-

1. Agriculture 2. Animal care 3. Marketing 4. Work as labourers 5. Serve as Harvaah

iv

Women

1. Domestic work 2. Girls under ten take food to the men working in the fields.

1. Domestic work

1. Domestic work 2. Assist the men in fields 3. Work in others' fields as wage earners 4. Domestic work in the houses of high caste people

1. Domestic Work 2. Assist the men in the fields and at the potter's whell

1. Domestic work 2. Help the men in the fields 3. Do certain work in ceremonies

1. Domestic work 2. Helt p the men to wash and iron clothes 3. Work in fields 4. Do certain work in ceremonies

1. Domestic work 2. Assist the men in the fields

1. Domestic work 2. Animal care 3. Help the men in field 4. Work as labourers in others' fields

9. Bhaksor

10. Kathik

1. Making soops, beris 2. Selling these 3. Repairing dhols

1. Agriculture 2. Animal care 3. Marketing 4. Professional dancing 5. Dancing on festival and other occasions 6. Business (smal shops)

v

1. Domestic work 2. Attend on expectant mothers

1. Domestic work 2. Look after shops in the absence of the men

1.

2.

3.

.PROVERBS

On Caste Qualities

Dadye Baman Bakri Khayo

Kayasth Ke Kuch Dele Lela, Baman De Khilaye, Rajput De Kuch Batcheet Kale, Chot Jat Latiaye

Aghan Rajput, Ahir Asad, Bhado Bhaisa, Chait Chana

Meaning

Afrightened Brahmin may eat a goat He cannot be trusted in trying times and with secret£.. You can get your work done from. Kayastht by giving gift from Brahmin by offering food, from Rajputs by direct words, and from low-born by beating them Shows the status hierachy and social attitude and traits associated with castes.

Rajputs in Aghan {Nov.) milkman in Asad, Buffallo~ in Bhadon (Aug.-Sept.) and in ChaiGune) chana are happy.

4. Hindu Na Khaye Pyaj, Musalman Na Khaye Muslim does not charge interest Byaj. (like Bania)

5. Bhooki Bamani Bhaydanae J aye

1.

2.

World (view) wise proverbs

Nar, Jasoos or Chakar, Ye Teen Kacche Bhale, Pan, Patel or Mantri, Y e teen Pucce Bhale, Jahaj, Barsat or Vivah, Ye teen AJ7e Bhale, Jwar, Gussa, or Patwari, Y e teen Jaye Bhale.

Khana Manpasand, Pahnna Jag Pasand.

vi

-(a hungry Brahmin women would marry a rich low caste Brahmin).

Meaning

Male, detective and puZzle should be weak and betel~af, buissessman and mini~ter should be strong. Ship, rain and marriage are good when they come and tide, anger and patwari are good when they leave.

Eat according to your wish, and dress according to wish of the world.

3.

4.

Chokhi Roti, Chaupal Bethe Khaye.

Dal Bigre to Din Bigre, Achar Bigre to Sal Aur Aurat Bigre to Jeena Hai Muhal.

Days

1. Ath war, Nau Tyohar.

2. Ane Ki Char Disha, Jane Ki Barah .

3.

4.

5.

Pancham Ko Dahi, Chati Ko Tel or Ekadeshi to Magarvel (paan)

Mangalvar Ko Shadi to Ravivar Ko Vidhva.

Kapade Pahane Teen Var, Mangal, Budh, Shanivar Sthapna ho Shanivar, Vyapar Ho Budhvar.

Food

The food earned with honesty, can be eaten in public.

If pulse is spo, Hed, day is spoiled, if pickle is spoiled then year is spoiled, if woman is spoiled then whole life is spoiled.

Meaning

e. Way of remembring days, that there are eight" days and nine festivals in year.

There are four directions, to come and tewelve directions the soul departs.

On fifth day of the month do not have curds, on sixth day of week do not have oil and on eleventh day of month do not have betel leaf.

If one marries on Tuesday then one becomes widow on Sunday.

It is auspicious to wear new clothes on Tuesday, Wednesday and Saturday and e•.sttblish on Saturday and on Wednesday to start new business.

Meaning

1. Naram Roti, Garam Kabab or Purani Soft bread, hot Kabab and old Sharab, To Ho Na Admi Kharab. wine spoils man.

vii

Health: There are some sayingsin the village which are followed to letter in their food habits. These are more favourite among old men and women who keep repeating these proverbs.

(1) Ant Tita, Dant Non, Pet Bharan to Teenhi Kon

Ankhe Pani, Kan Tel, Kahe Ghagh Bedai Gaill

One would stay healthy, if one has, hot chillies for guts, Salt for gums, stomach three parts full, water for eyes and oil for ears, then there is no need for doctor says Ghag.

(2) Prat: Kal Khatiya se Uthike, Piye Turite P ani:

Bake Ghar Me Baid Na Are, Bat Ghag Ne Jani.

-(Whoever gets up early morning and have water would never have to visit a doctor says Ghag).

(3) Savan Harre, Bhadon Chita, KU"ar Mas Gur Khao Meeta

Magh Mas Ghee Khichri Khaye, Phalgun Uth Ke Nahaye

Chait Mas Me Nev Sevte, Vaishakh Khaye Basumati

Jeth Mas Me lin Me Soye, Tako Jwar Asadh Me Roe.

(4) Chaite Guri Vaishakhe Tel, Jeth Mahua, Asade Ber

Savan Sadua, Bhado Dahi, Kwar Karela, Karlik Mahi

Gagh and Bhaddri Sanchi Kahi, Bharhe Nato Par He Sahi.

-(If one has Jaggery in March/April, oil in April/May, Mahua in May/June, Ber Cherries in June/July, Milk in July/August Curds in Aug/Sept, Bitter gourd in Sept/Oct., Buller Milk in Oct./November than Gh'?~Bhaddari (eldermin) say that would soon die.

Harvest (2):- Din Ko Baddar, Rat Ko Nibaddar

Bahe Purvai, Jhabbar Jhabbar

Gagh Kahe Kuch Honi Hui

Kua Ke Pani Dhobi Dhoi.

-(If it is cloudy at day time and not cloudy at night, and when Dhobi washs clothes from wells, (because ponds are dry) then Ghagh says, that year it would be dry.

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RIDDLES

(1) Din Ko Lehkai, Rat Ko Utkai

-(Daytime let loose, At Night it is bolted).

(2) Hari Bhari Kyare, Motio Ke Bhari

-(Green Grass with Pearls on them).

(3) Hari Thee Man Bhari Tee,

Raja Ji Ke Bagh Mein Doshala

ode Khadi Thee

-(A shy woman hidden behind veil standing in kings garden).

( 4) Beeso Ka Sar Kat Diya

N a Mara N a Khoon Kiya.

-(Twenty beheaded without any blood shed).

ANSWERS

Sankal (Door-latch).

Os (Dew drops).

Makka (Maize Corn).

Nakhoon (Nails).

ix

INDIAN FOLK SONGS

(1) MARRIAGE SONGS

(1) Bindi Pehnna k~ fashion nahi

Tika Banva Do Meenedar Banni Ke Liye.

-(it is not fashionable to wear plain dot on forehead so bride wants brocade teeka for forehead).

(2) Tange Me Baithne Ka Fashion Nahi

Motor Manga Do Ghar Ke Bahar

-(not fashionabl0 to go on Tanga, so get a car for her).

(3) Me Kense Bulao Rishtedar, Mera Char Jano Ka Rashan Card

-(how do I call relatives when I have Ration Card for four).

(4) --(Seethne sung by bride mother to bride groom father)

Pant Ke Upar Lehnga Pehna, Shirt Ke Upar Choli

Sar Ke Upar od Chunariya, Kad Ghunjari Chali.

-(The Relative (Samdhi) is wearing skirt over Pant and Choli over shirt and have taken veil over coat after combing curly hair):

(2) MALHOR

1. suraj tapasvi: tap karai, birma: nit uth nha:y sun ascetic penance does Brahman daily risen bathes indar ratan ras u:gle. dharti: ratan sab kha:y Indra jewel juice emits Earth jewel all eats

The ascetic sun subjects himself to heat, God Brahma(the Creator) bathes daily, having arisen. Lord Indra emits essence of Jewels, Goddess Earth consumes all jewels.

2. devi: bhavan suha:vana:, hariyal pi:palla:r goddess temple pleasant, green pipal tree row parai paja:li pa:t ki:, jhullai ro:jkavar:r hangs swing leaves of swings prince

The temple of the Goddess is pleasant and beautiful. There is a row of green pipal trees.

A swing made of leaves hangs (from a branch), The prince swings on it.

3. satguru mera: su:rama:, karai la:kh mai cot, true teacher my hero, does 100,000 in charge, gole ma:rai gya:n ke, dhaye bharam ke kot. bombs hits knowledge of, hsttered illusion of forts.

My venerable teacher is a real hero, He charges among hundreds of thousands, He throws grenades of knowledge, And shatters the forts of ilusion.

(3) BHAJANS

1.

2.

3.

kra:ntika:ri: kya:kamunist ka:ngrais or kya:soslist ist tera: na: koi naya: ye ja:l dekhiye

ab to videst: lu:t na hogi: ghar ghar me vo phu:t na hogi: chote bare ka: phark na hoga: pya:r ka: sab par rang hi: hoga: u:c aur ni:c ka: rog na hoga:varno ka: bhi: viyog na hoga: pra:nto our bhasa:oka: ragra: jhu:te va:d lara:i jhagra: dekhke sab kuch a:na: panchi: sa:ra ha:l suna:na: panchi: des ne ab tak kya: nahi bhu:la: vo a:pas ka: dves panchi: lekar a:ya: mere ba:pu: ka: sandes

ba:pu mere pya:re ba:pu tu:ne hame ii:na: sikhal:ya

Revolutionaries or Communists, Congress or Socialist, No one is your ist, see, this new trap.

There must not be foreign exploitation now,

There must not be any division within our own house,

The difference of big and small must have vanished,

All of the people must be deeply loving each other,

There must not be any sickness of feeling of being high and low,

And there must not be any division among various varnas, Or the problem of provincialism or languages, Or the fighting over them. See that all, 0 bird, and come And tell me everything you see. Whether the country has forgotten the hatred from within or not. The bird has come with a message from my Bapu.

Bapu, my beloved Bapu, but you taught us how to live

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

majbu:ri: ke andhiya:re me a:ja:di ka: dip ala:ya: tu:ne mar kar hame dya hai ji:ne ka: paiga:m

"kya:la:l baha:dur sa:striab soya: kahi: para: hai?" "unke ot sammukh ca:ca: ek or baba:l ara:hai" "kya: tha:re ja:t pa:t ke jhagre bha:sa: ka: sava:l ara: hai?" "nahi pa:kista:n liye phoje si:ma: par a:n khara:hai." "ha: bhai: pa:kista:n hama:ra: kyo itne anrath dha:ye?" "kah ka:smi:r mera: hai, tum kon kaha: se la:ye?"

bha:iyo sighra pariva:r­niyojan karo, ta:ki bha:rat me ka:yam beka: ri: na ho

anna au vastra ghar ghar me sabhi: ko mile a:pki: kastamaya jummeda:ri: na ho

phir bana:ye banegi: nahi: umrabhar socalo ta:ki ji:van ki: khva:ri: na ho

pher rahata: hai bha:rat vahi: ham vahi: du:dh ghi: ki: nadi: phirse ja:ri:na ho

sarvasikshit sulbh gra:m apana:bane jami:dari hari aur da:ri: na ho

nojava:no kaha: ma:no pya:re rasika ma:naha:ni: hama:ri: tumha:ri: na ho

In the darkness of helplessness, you lit the lamp of freedom; Having died you have given us the message for life.

"Is that Lal Bahadur sleeping somewhere?"

"No, but Uncle, he faces a big mountainous calamity." "Is it your dispute of castes, or is it the question of languages that block him?"

"No, it si Pakistan with its army on our bordefs."

"On, Pakistan, that brother of ours, why are you doing all terrible things?"

"It says, 'Kashmir is ours'; from where did they come with it?"

Brothers, begin family planning soon

So that India will not have so many permanently unemployed,

So that in each home there will be enough clothes and food And so your responsibility will no be painful.

For your whole life you cannot make up for it­Think it over so that your life is not wasted.

If you don't act India will not advance

And prosperity will not be.

Let our village be easy to live in, with all educated people. And let there be no prosperity for land-lords and other exploiters.

Youth, listen to what Rasik says

So that your prestige will not be damaged.

xii

GARI

Pandit javahir Jal gae bilaiti jhumkaiya more Jal

Roya roya punchen angarejan ki nari Hamare bhatar kahe dinhyo nikari

Tab ve bole javahir Lal Tumare bhatar Kinhe atyacar

jhumakaiya more lal jab ham dyekhai yah atyacar

Tab man socen talukdar Ab na karihen kisanavan begari

fhumkaiya more Jal Hasi hasi Kahatin sarpancan ki nari

Ohda pain balmuvan hamari Ghar khete ka jhagara hoi he

Daure aven duare hamar jhumkaiya more Jal

This song is based on an imaginary conversation between Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and the womenflok of England, whose men he had turned out of India. Panditji says that since the Englishmen were tyrants, they were turned out. Post-independent India had abolished landlordism and freed peasants from agrestic serfdom and begar. The last stanza is a satin~ on democracy which has placed power in the hands of the Panchayat Sarpanch, who surely enjoy and exploit their new rank and status.

PUR VI

Hamra mane na kahanvan Piya benganvan bece jay Dili sahar ki Jagi bajariya

Surma dhara bikay Surma dekhi gori Eikhiyan pharken

jiyara dhak hoi jay Piya benganvan ...... ...... ..

Kalkatta sahar ki Jagi bajariya Misiya dhari bikay

Misiya dekhi gori datiyan pharken jiyara dhak hoi jay

Piya benganvan ....... .......... .. Kanno} sahar ki Jagi dukaniyan

Coliya dekhi gori jobana pharken jiyara dhak hoi jay

Piya benganvan ...... ......... ..

xiii

The desires of a village woman are portrayed in this Poorbi. The husband is a vegetable-seller, but the wife wants to go shopping to towns like Delhi and Calcutta dn to by cosmetics and gay dresses for which alone her heart longs.

NAKATA

Lai de Banaras ki sari Cahe biki )aJ' kastakari

Lehaga orhni bahut din pahira Sari ki ai he ban·

Cahe biki ........................ . Kurta saluka ab na pahirab jamphar me bari majedari

Cahe biki.. ..................... . Karanphul jhumka na pahirab

Bran det dhabi bhari Cahebike ....................... .

Nathuni kif hath na chuibe Latkan par jaibe balihari Cahe biki ...................... .

Cappa/ se jiv bhari hoiga Sandal feb karari

Cahe biki.. .................... .. Abahin din dasgunvan Jaganvan

Kaija bhava bara bhari Cahe biki.. ..................... .

'Mohan' ka tum kahn a mana Abahin na pahiro sari

Cahebiki ........................ . Abki ganna ka jab perbe

Sari Jaibe pi]'ari Chae biki ........................ .

The theme is the same as in the earlier Poorbi. The village woman is tired of wearing old-style clothes and ornaments, and wants to buy the same dresses and jewels as her sister in the city wears. She is crazy about them, even though the husband has to sell his lands to be albe to buy all these for his wife.

xiv

DADARA

Laibe Banaras ki sari Cahe ka biki jay kastakari

Lehaga orhni ka alge rakhi deo Sari kaso tar jari

Cahe ka ............................. . Kurta kamic ka ab na pahiro

famphar ki jarad kinari Cahe ka ............................. .

Nathuni kil ka abahin turavo Latkan garhaibe bara bhari Cahe ka ............................. .

Karanphul jhumka na pahino Rine mangai deb pyari

Cahe ka ............................ .. Cappa] ke band tutijati hen

Sandal mangai deb nyari Cahe ka ............................. .

Bigaha bhar ukh man sabe mangaibe Cahe bikay kastakari

Cahe ka ............................ .. 'Mohan' ka jo kahana maniho

Rohiho sabki dulari Caheka ............................. .

In continuation of the earlier Nakata: The husband is assuring his wife that he would buy everything she wants,

but all this could be done even without selling lands. He would buy her colourful saris, modem jewellery and sandals. He would, however, crush sugarcane, and from the money obtained from its sale, he would satisfy her wishes.

Aghan Agiari Alhakkand

Alsi Arti

Alpana

Arya Samaj

Asarh Babul Bahu Baisakkl Bargad­Barsi Batai Been Bel (Bilwa) Burka Be san Barat Bhagat Bhat

Bhajan Bhang Bidi Charpai Chet Chikni mitti Churail Chamrauti Chut» Chuna Dangal Dashara

Diyas Dasootan

Dai Daan Desi Dhania Dhatura

Geru Ghee Gotra or Got

Glossary

The ninth month of the local Hindu calendar (Nov. Dec.) Small-scale havan performed in domestic rituals A popular ballad based on a 12th century book in verse narrating the heroic deeds of Alha and Udal and theri fights with the famous Delhi king tJrithviraj Chauhan Linseed (Linum Usitalissum) The ceremony of waving a lighted lamp in front of the image of the deity or the subject of the ritual: the lamp itself bears the same name The floor drawings made on the auspicious day or event like on festivals like Diwali etc. Reformist Hindu sect of north India founded by Swami Dayanand in 1875 The fourth month of the local Hindu calendar (June-July) Acacia Indiana, a thorny tree Son's wife, Daughter-in-law The second month of the local Hindu calendar (April-May) Banyan tree Ceremony connected with first d~th anniversary Share-cropping " Snake charmer's flute Aegie Marmelos A veil worn by muslim women Flour of gram Bridegrooms' marriage procession Priest among the lower caste Member of a cast€ in Rajasthan and Gurarat who are genealogists Devotional song A narcotic Leaf-wrapped indigenous cigarette A low stringed cot much in use in northern India First month of the local Hindu calendar (March-April) Clay (used for plastering houses) Malevolent spirit of dead women Area where lower castes reside Hearth White lime Wrestling bouts Nine-day-festival celebrated in the lunar month of Ashwin (September-October) Earthern lamps A ceremony when the new born child comes out after ten days of birth Midwife Altms-giving Indigenous Coriander Datura Siramonium, a poisonious alkaline fmmd in the thorn-apple Red ochre Clarified butter Vedic sage from whom descent is claimed by a member of a high caste. The term changes its meaning in certain areas of the country

xvi

Gur

Gurudwara Graha Shanti Guru Havan Hookah In am _Tagaran Jagir

jhanki }ajmani

}anampatri }eth }oar Kachdla Food KachchaRoad Kathas Kavada

Kavadias Kartik (Kartik) Keertan Khad Khan dan Khot~~t-Kothar

KK:ar K s

" Lagaan Lathi Lekhpal Mantar (Mantra) Masala Magh Mahawar Mahuwa Marghat Matar Mela Moong Nazar Nazarana Neg Neem Nichchawar

Nyota Ojha Patel Patta

Pujari

·•

}ag~ery, cn1de brown sugar.·~

Sikh temple ,; -· . AppeasemenJ;tplanet and star Spiritual teacher Fire in which offerings are made Hobble-bubble Gift to subordinate or inferior Keeping awake at night as part of religious devotion A grant of rent-free land by a ruler to an individual. }agirdar, one to whom.-~such land has been given Exhibition / Periodical payment in kind made to artisans and others by the peasants in U .P. Hor-oscope Third month of the local Hindu calendar (May-June) A variety fo millet(Holcus sorghum) Bioled or baked food Unmetalled road Literally means tales as used fodiast tales or folktales etc. A bamboo basket for carrying Ganga water which is taken generally on shoulders

Those who carry KaYad Eighth month of the local Hindu calendar (Oct.-Nov.) Collective singing of devotional songs Fertilizer }oint-family Inauspicious Grain store Seventh month of the local Hindu calendar (Sept.-Oct.) An indigenous grass believed to possess supernatural purificatory powers Land-rent Bamboo stick Patwari, one who keeps land records of village Sacred verse chanted on a ritual occasion Spices used in cooking Eleventh month of the local Hindu calendar (Jan.-Feb.) Red dye used by women to decorate their feet Bassia Latifolia Cremation grmmd Peas A fair Phaseolns mongo, a variety of pulse An evil-eye Gift of money or object offered in homage to a ruler Ceremonial gift Melia Indica Money or grain waved round the head of the subject of ritual and distributed among poor people; its purpose is to ward off evil influences Invitation Witch-doctor Headman of a village Document proving claim to ownership of land or other right Temple priest

xvii

Purohit Pacca food Pacca road Peepal PaVSoop Phaag Phagun Pooja Poos Sani Sanjhi Sa wan Sas Shastrarth ShloMa Shubh Sradh

So pari Tabeez Ta~l Tulsi Tat Tyohar Ubtan Urd Vrat Yantra

Priest at wedding, funeral and other ritual occasions Fried food Metalled road Ficus Religiol )(l. Type of bamboo made basket Special songs sung during Holi Twelth month of the local Hindu calendar (Feb.-March) Worship in the traditional Hindu way Tenth month ofthe local Hindu calendar (Dec.-_Tan) Cattle fodder An Incarnation of mother goddess Durga Fifth month of the local Hindu calendar Only-Aug.) Mother in Law Debate on the meaning of scriptures Hymn or Libations Auspicious The Hindu ceremony of making offerings in the name of the dead Betel-nut Charm A subdivision of a district Sweet Basil (Ocymum Sanctum) Gunny cloth Festival A cosmetic paste A pulse (Phascolus radiatus) Fast An Astrological configurations mostly in certain pattern of drawing, numerals and figures literally means a device to keep away the evil

xviii

RITUAIJ DRAWINGS AND MOTIFS

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1st row: Chauk (a square seat), Ram-Laxman-Sita, Sita· randhat•i (Situ's kitchen).

2nd row: Amba (a mango tree), Khajur (a date tree), Bavlyo (a babul tree) and phool (a flower).

3rd row: Bicchhu (scorpion)-three drawings, Gorbtsnya (a seat fur Parvati) and Aadho-chatfd (crescent moon).

4th row: Andho ne andha ki lakri (a blind man and his sticlj, Khopra (half-cut coconut), Clwupar, Teenman jowt.r (three mounds of jowar) and Chir/ya (bird's eye-lashes).

5th row: Chir/ya-other variations-and Dadhi (a chin) . •

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Maur (head-gear), and Mor (two figures of a peacock). Long (cloves), Ram ko mukat (Ram's crown), B~wda (a aeries of water pots) and Unda matlra ki sok (co­wife upside down). Ram-nam (Ram's name), Piyar bat (the way·to parents' village), Parantli (a pot-stand) and Blrai-buj (the brother lightning). PonciJI (a wrist-ornament), KU!ftli (a well with narrow, opening), Satya (a boy friend) and Clrulo-katl~lo (a hearth and a hot plate). The Sun, Luda-llltll (a bride and bridegroom), Sa/ciJi (tbe frionda), ClllJulcl (thana) ard Kui (a wcJI). llat ·(tbe path), Ram-rasol. (Ram's food), Pagllya (foot m&rka), Sole (the co-wife), KuJ (a well). )lftMI (a tree) and Mor (a peacock).

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Meerut village, tense,; two cops suspended

MEERUT Oct. 10 (HTq Tensi;Jn continues to prevail in

and around' the Sikhara village area wh~·re the Slatue of Dr B. R. Ambedkar was damaged on Wednesday morning. The moving of the PAC picket from there to Muzaffamagar, a day earlier, is alleged to have led to the statue being damaged ~-a group of per­sons. The Station Officer bas lieen sent to the police lines and the two policemen posted to guard the sta-tue have been suspended. · ' ·

The land where the statue is in­stalled in reporteclly disputed. Ra­j puts of the area were opposed to the installation of the statue at this site.

At 6 a .tn. on Wednesda\ over 30 persons assembled ncar the statue and reportedly statted brc&king it With hammers. Some Da!its who were passing by noti1.-ed them. They rushed bad to the village and informed oti!n1. about it. But by the time thev reached back at the spot the · ll'liscreants had already disappe;ved after damag­ing the statue.

Following this; large number of

D:iiit' reacl.ed the residcnn~ of ~·;~· .\run Kumar in tractnr' and un,:,c, to protest agamst the !:Jrro,;mg of the Dr Ambedkar ~~ j rue and demanded arrest of the rutpnts.

i'he closing of the gates of the SSP's residence in view of tlfc! large numlx:r of tractors and trollies, is alkged m !lave led to the Dalits shouting. slogans demanding ac­tion again~t the erring police offic­es and arrest of those involved in damaging the statue.

r\ brge number of members of the' upper castes in Sikhara and neari'l villages have reportedly fled the area.

Ttw .i1strict administration then u•, ,; a new statue of Dr B. R.

.. r :md wer.? in the process ,,f , ,,,ng the damaged one : wht •: Dalit agitators reached ' the1 e lt1ey held up the in~talla· lion of th;: new statue till the SJ; kade1 \lukesh Sidharth reached tht:fl'

Tbe Jgitating Dalits reportedly t,lld the 'district officials that the\ will not ,,now the statue to be re·· ;•l:•ced,

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SURVEY SCHEDULE

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