Aujoud’hui et Demain
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Transcript of Aujoud’hui et Demain
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Aujoud’hui et DemainAnna JohnsonRachel SternlichtRenée Waller
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La Grammaire
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Le Futur
•To describe upcoming events
•In English, formed with dual verbs ▫“I will fly”
•French has full conjugation▫“Je volerai”
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•Conjugation: verb infinitive + ai ons as
ez a
ont•-er and –ir verbs
▫add correct ending directly to infinitive
•-re verbs▫ dispose of final ‘e’ and add appropriate
ending
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•Examples•-er: danser – to dance
danserai danseronsdanseras danserezdansera danseront
•-ir: bondir – to leapbondirai bondironsbondiras bondirezbondira bondiront
•-re: perdre – to loseperdrai perdronsperdras perdrezperdra perdront
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Le Futur – irregular verbs
acheter -> j’achèterai vouloir -> je voudraiêtre -> je serai savoir -> je sauraiavoir -> j’auraialler -> j’iraifaire -> je feraipouvoir -> je pourraivoir -> je verraivenir -> je viendrai
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•HOWEVER, English sentences which usually use the present tense after certain phrases
use the futur in french•I will leave as soon as I finish (present)
▫Je partirai dès que je finirai (futur)
•Other Phrases Include:après que ->after lorsque ->whenaussitôt que ->as soon as quand ->whendès que ->as soon as une fois que ->onceespérer que ->to hope that
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Best Part About the Future….
•The same irregular verbs and their stems are used to form the
CONDITIONAL!
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Le Conditionnel
•Describes unguaranteed events – dependent on other conditions
•Use in polite requests▫I would like some tea▫Je voudrais du thé
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•Conjugation:Exactly like le futur (same stems, even
irregular verbs) except with imperfect tense endings
Infinitive + ais ions ais iez
ait aient
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Si Clauses
•If ….. Then….▫Can be reversed but ‘si’ must always stay
with the verb it is added to•Si + present , present
•Si + present , futur
•Si + imperfect , conditional
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•present/present – factual, happens regularly▫If I am sad, I eat chocolate.▫Si je suis triste, je mange du chocolat.▫Reverse: Je mange du chocolat si je suis
triste.•present/futur – likely to occur
▫If you fall, I will help you.▫Si tu tombe, je t’aiderai.▫Reverse: Je t’aiderai si tu tombe.
•imperfect/conditional – unlikely to occur –> this would happen
▫If I had the time, I would do it.▫Si j'avais le temps, je le ferais.▫Reverse: Je le ferais si j’avais le temps.
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Le Subjonctif•After a subjective, not indicative clause
▫Entirely different umbrella, man.▫Won’t necessarily happen!! Doubtful,
uncertain
Indicative
Subjunctive
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•Conjugation:▫ils form present tense ▫drop –ent ending▫Add subjunctive ending
•Example:▫They study▫Ils etudient▫Ils etudi/▫T’etudies – you study (but you might not)
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Subjunctive Endings
-e -ions
-es -iez -e-ent
•Usually follows a commanding phrase such as “il est importante que…” or “il faut que…”
•Does not necessarily mean that the action will be done
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Irregular Conjugations
être allersois soyons aille allionssois soyez ailles alliezsoit soient aille
aillent
avoir faireaie ayons fasse fassionsaies ayez fasses
fassiezait aient fasse fassent
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More Irregular Subjunctive Conjugations
savoir vouloir sache sachions veuillevoulions saches sachiez veuilles vouliez sache sachent veuilleveuillent
pouvoir pleuvoir – il pleuve puisse puissions
puisses puissiez falloir – il faille puisse puissent
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Devoir
•Overarching verb definition:▫to have to
*obligation and probability*
*expecation and inevitability*•Noun:
▫Le devoir▫Homework, duty
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Basic ConjugationsPresent Subjontif
Je dois Nous devons Je doive Nous devionsTu dois Vous devez Tu doives Vous deviezIl devra Ils doivent Il doive Ils doivent
Futur Past ParticipleJe devrai Nous devrons dûTu devras Vous devrezIl devra Ils devront
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•Obligation & Necessity▫Must, have, need to▫Elles doivent manger.
•Probability & Suppostion▫Should, will probably▫Nous devons gagner plus cette année.
•Expectaion & Intention▫Supposed to▫Je devais aller avec eux.
•Fatalism & Inevitability▫Had to, bound to▫Il devait perdre un jour.
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•Used to differentiate Must vs. Should
•Must: add absolument or vraiment▫Je dois absolument partir.▫I must leave.
•Should: conditional of devoir▫Tu devrais partir▫You should leave.
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•As a transitive verb, not followed by a verb….
“Pierre me doit 10 Euros.”
…. Means “to owe”.
Exemple:“Jinx, tu me dois un Coca!”
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Les verbes sortir, partir, quitter, laisser: des significations différentes
•Sortir - to go out, to get out of something, or to get something out
▫Je sors ce soir.▫Tu dois sortir de l’eau.▫Nous allons sortir en bicyclette.▫Il doit sortir la voiture du garage.
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•Partir – to leave in a general sense
▫Cannot be followed by a direct object but can be
followed by a preposition and an indefinite object
▫Nous partons jeudi.
▫Ils partent de Paris.
▫Je suis parti pour le Quebec.
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•Quitter - to leave someone or something
▫must be followed by a direct object
▫Ils quittent la France.
▫Il quitte sa femme.
▫You can say: Ne quittez pas!
(Don’t hang up!)
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•Laisser – to leave something, as in not taking it.
can also mean to leave someone alone.
▫J’ai laissé mon sac chez Luc.
▫Laissez-moi du gâteau!
▫Laissez-moi tranquille!
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Les pronoms: y et en
•‘y’ – place, location ▫“there”
•‘en’ – quantity, number▫“some” or “any”
•‘y’ usually replaces à, chez, or dans
•‘en’ usually replaces de
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•Examples of ‘y’▫We are going to the theater.▫Nous allons au théâtre.▫Nous y allons.
•Examples of ‘en’▫I would like some flowers.▫Je voudrais du fleurs.▫J’en voudrais.
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Pronoun Placement a.k.a. THE CHART
Direct
Object Direct/Indirect Object
Indirect Object
Location à
Quantity de
me le Subject
te la lui y en Conjugated Verb
(ne) se l’ leur (pas) nous les vous
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Emphatic Pronouns
Emphasizes a noun or a pronoun referring to a person
▫Used if there are more than one person Lawrence et moi font jardiner aujourd'hui.
▫Also used with ‘même’ Lui-même – himself Moi-même - myself
▫To indicate possession Quels enfant est à toi?
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Moi - meToi - youLui - himElle – her
Soi - oneselfNous - us Vous - you
Eux – them (m)Elles – them (f)
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c’est/ce sont vs. il est/ils sont
•C’est/ce sont: describes a situation, with a modified adverb, with a modified noun, or with a proper name
▫C’est normal.▫C’est trop tard.▫C’est une bonne actrice.▫C’est Madame Thompson!
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•Il est/ils sont: describes people with an unmodified adverb, unmodified noun, or with a prepostional phrase
▫Elle est intelligente.▫Il est tard.▫Il est avocat.▫Elle est en France.
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La proverbe
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<<Dis-moi qui tu hantes, je te dirai qui tu es>>
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Some Quizzes
•http://french.about.com/library/weekly/aa032500t.htm
•http://french.about.com/library/verb/bl-toleavet.htm